Biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol is essential to the survival of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii

Eukaryotic Cell

Volumn 2, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 1132-1136

  Wichroski, Michael J ^a   Ward, Gary E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; DNA, COMPLEMENTARY; DNA, PROTOZOAN; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; GENE SILENCING; GENES, PROTOZOAN; GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEINS; LUMINESCENT PROTEINS; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MICROSCOPY, FLUORESCENCE; MICROSCOPY, PHASE-CONTRAST; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MUTAGENESIS, INSERTIONAL; N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASES; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL DIACYLGLYCEROL-LYASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS; RECOMBINANT FUSION PROTEINS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; TOXOPLASMA;

MAMMALIA; PROTOZOA; TOXOPLASMA GONDII;

EID: 0142186116     PISSN: 15359778     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/EC.2.5.1132-1136.2003     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Benghezal, M., A. Benachour, S. Rusconi, M. Aebi, and A. Conzelmann. 1996. Yeast Gpi8p is essential for GPI anchor attachment onto proteins. EMBO J. 15:6575-6583.
2. Bessler, M., A. Schaefer, and P. Keller. 2001. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: insights from recent advances in molecular biology. Transfus. Med. Rev. 15:255-267.
3. Black, M. W., and J. C. Boothroyd. 2000. Lytic cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64:607-623.
4. Chen, R., S. Udenfriend, G. M. Prince, S. E. Maxwell, S. Ramalingam, L. D. Gerber, J. Knez, and M. E. Medof. 1996. A defect in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase activity in mutant K cells is responsible for their inability to display GPI surface proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:2280-2284.
5. Donald, R. G., and D. S. Roos. 1998. Gene knock-outs and allelic replacements in Toxoplasma gondii: HXGPRT as a selectable marker for hit-and-run mutagenesis. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 91:295-305.
6. Donald, R. G., and D. S. Roos. 1995. Insertional mutagenesis and marker rescue in a protozoan parasite: cloning of the uracil phosphoribosyltransferase locus from Toxoplasma gondii. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:5749-5753.
7. Dzierszinski, F., M. Mortuaire, M. F. Cesbron-Delauw, and S. Tomavo. 2000. Targeted disruption of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored surface antigen SAG3 gene in Toxoplasma gondii decreases host cell adhesion and drastically reduces virulence in mice. Mol. Microbiol. 37:574-582.
8. Ferguson, M. A. 1999. The structure, biosynthesis and functions of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and the contributions of trypanosome research. J. Cell Sci. 112:2799-2809.
9. Ferguson, M. A., J. S. Brimacombe, S. Cottaz, R. A. Field, L. S. Guther, S. W. Homans, M. J. McConville, A. Mehlert, K. G. Milne, J. E. Ralton, et al. 1994. Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol molecules of the parasite and the host. Parasitology 108:S45-S54.
10. Garg, N., M. Postan, K. Mensa-Wilmot, and R. L. Tarleton. 1997. Glycosylphosphatidylinositols are required for the development of Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes. Infect. Immun. 65:4055-4060.
11. Gordon, V. M., K. L. Nelson, J. T. Buckley, V. L. Stevens, R. K. Tweten, P. C. Elwood, and S. H. Leppla. 1999. Clostridium septicum alpha toxin uses glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 274:27274-27280.
12. Hilley, J. D., J. L. Zawadzki, M. J. McConville, G. H. Coombs, and J. C. Mottram. 2000. Leishmania mexicana mutants lacking glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI):protein transamidase provide insights into the biosynthesis and functions of GPI-anchored proteins. Mol. Biol. Cell 11:1183-1195.
13. Ikezawa, H. 2002. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25:409-417.
14. Ilgoutz, S. C., J. L. Zawadzki, J. E. Ralton, and M. J. McConville. 1999. Evidence that free GPI glycolipids are essential for growth of Leishmania mexicana. EMBO J. 18:2746-2755.
15. Jacquet, A., L. Coulon, J. De Neve, V. Daminet, M. Haumont, L. Garcia, A. Bollen, M. Jurado, and R. Biemans. 2001. The surface antigen SAG3 mediates the attachment of Toxoplasma gondii to cell-surface proteoglycans. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 116:35-44.
16. Karsten, V., H. Qi, C. J. Beckers, and K. A. Joiner. 1997. Targeting the secretory pathway of Toxoplasma gondii. Methods 13:103-111.
17. Kinoshita, T., K. Ohishi, and J. Takeda. 1997. GPI-anchor synthesis in mammalian cells: genes, their products, and a deficiency. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 122:251-257.
18. Kostova, Z., D. M. Rancour, A. K. Menon, and P. Orlean. 2000. Photoaffinity labelling with P3-(4-azidoanilido)uridine 5′-triphosphate identifies gpi3p as the UDP-GlcNAc-binding subunit of the enzyme that catalyses formation of GlcNAc-phosphatidylinositol, the first glycolipid intermediate in glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis. Biochem. J. 350:815-822.
19. Lekutis, C., D. J. Ferguson, M. E. Grigg, M. Camps, and J. C. Boothroyd. 2001. Surface antigens of Toxoplasma gondii: variations on a theme. Int. J. Parasitol. 31:1285-1292.
20. Lillico, S., M. C. Field, P. Blundell, G. H. Coombs, and J. C. Mottram. 2003. Essential roles for GPI-anchored proteins in African trypanosomes revealed using mutants deficient in GPI8. Mol. Biol. Cell 14:1182-1194.
21. McConville, M. J., and A. K. Menon. 2000. Recent developments in the cell biology and biochemistry of glycosylphosphatidylinositol lipids (review). Mol. Membr. Biol. 17:1-16.
22. Mensa-Wilmot, K., J. H. LeBowitz, K. P. Chang, A. al-Qahtani, B. S. McGwire, S. Tucker, and J. C. Morris. 1994. A glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-negative phenotype produced in Leishmania major by GPI phospholipase C from Trypanosoma brucei: topography of two GPI pathways. J. Cell Biol. 124:935-947.
23. Nagamune, K., T. Nozaki, Y. Maeda, K. Ohishi, T. Fukuma, T. Hara, R. T. Schwarz, C. Sutterlin, R. Brun, H. Riezman, and T. Kinoshita. 2000. Critical roles of glycosylphosphatidylinositol for Trypanosoma brucei. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10336-10341.
24. Naik, R. S., E. A. Davidson, and D. C. Gowda. 2000. Developmental stage-specific biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors in intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum and its inhibition in a novel manner by mannosamine. J. Biol. Chem. 275:24506-24511.
25. Naik, R. S., G. Krishnegowda, and D. C. Gowda. 2003. Glucosamine inhibits inositol acylation of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors in intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2036-2042.
26. Pfefferkorn, E. R., and S. E. Borotz. 1994. Toxoplasma gondii: characterization of a mutant resistant to 6-thioxanthine. Exp. Parasitol. 79:374-382.
27. Pfefferkorn, E. R., and L. C. Pfefferkorn. 1979. Quantitative studies of the mutagenesis of Toxoplasma gondii. J. Parasitol. 65:364-370.
28. Roos, D. S., R. G. Donald, N. S. Morrissette, and A. L. Moulton. 1994. Molecular tools for genetic dissection of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Methods Cell Biol. 45:27-63.
29. Tiede, A., C. Nischan, J. Schubert, and R. E. Schmidt. 2000. Characterisation of the enzymatic complex for the first step in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 32:339-350.
30. Watanabe, R., N. Inoue, B. Westfall, C. H. Taron, P. Orlean, J. Takeda, and T. Kinoshita. 1998. The first step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis is mediated by a complex of PIG-A, PIG-H, PIG-C and GPI1. EMBO J. 17:877-885.
31. Watanabe, R., T. Kinoshita, R. Masaki, A. Yamamoto, J. Takeda, and N. Inoue. 1996. PIG-A and PIG-H, which participate in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis, form a protein complex in the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem. 271:26868-26875.
32. Watanabe, R., Y. Murakami, M. D. Marmor, N. Inoue, Y. Maeda, J. Hino, K. Kangawa, M. Julius, and T. Kinoshita. 2000. Initial enzyme for glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis requires PIG-P and is regulated by DPM2. EMBO J. 19:4402-4411.
33. Wichroski, M. J., J. A. Melton, C. G. Donahue, R. K. Tweten, and G. E. Ward. 2002. Clostridium septicum alpha-toxin is active against the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and targets members of the SAG family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored surface proteins. Infect. Immun. 70:4353-4361.
34. Yu, J., S. Nagarajan, J. J. Knez, S. Udenfriend, R. Chen, and M. E. Medof. 1997. The affected gene underlying the class K glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) surface protein defect codes for the GPI transamidase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:12580-12585.