Gene knock-outs and allelic replacements in Toxoplasma gondii: HXGPRT as a selectable marker for hit-and-run mutagenesis

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

Volumn 91, Issue 2, 1998, Pages

  Donald, Robert G K ^a   Roos, David S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Gene knock out technology; Homologous recombination; Hypoxanthine xanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase; Positive negative selectable markers; Toxoplasma gondii

Indexed keywords

MYCOPHENOLIC ACID; PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE;

ALLELE; ARTICLE; DNA SEQUENCE; GENE MUTATION; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC MARKER; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; HOST CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TOXOPLASMA GONDII;

ALLELES; ANIMALS; DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; GENE REARRANGEMENT; GENE TARGETING; GENES, PROTOZOAN; GENETIC MARKERS; GENETIC VECTORS; MUTAGENESIS; PENTOSYLTRANSFERASES; PLASMIDS; RECOMBINATION, GENETIC; TOXOPLASMA;

PROTOZOA; TOXOPLASMA GONDII;

EID: 0032521445     PISSN: 01666851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-6851(97)00210-7     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. [1] Luft BJ, Remington JS. Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1992;15:211-22.
2. [2] Pfefferkorn ER. Cell biology of Toxoplasma gondii. In: Wyler DJ, editor. Modern Parasite Biology. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1990:26-50.
3. [3] Roos DS, Donald RGK, Morrissette NS, Moulton ALC. Molecular tools for genetic dissection of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Methods Cell Biol 1994;45:27-63.
4. [4] Boothroyd JC, Kim K, Pfefferkorn ER, Sibley DL, Soldati D. Forward and reverse genetics in the study of the obligate intracellular parasite T. gondii. Methods Mol Genet 1995;6:1-29.
5. [5] Joiner KA, Bermudes D, Sinai A, Qi H, Polotsky V, Beckers CJ. Structure and function of the Toxoplasma gondii vacuole. Ann NY Acad Sci 1996;797:1-7.
6. [6] Sibley LD, Howe DK. Genetic basis of pathogenicity in toxoplasmosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1996;219:3-15.
7. [7] Donald RGK, Roos DS. Stable molecular transformation of Toxoplasma gondii, A selectable dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase marker based on drug-resistance mutations in malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:11703-7.
8. [8] Ricketts AP, Pfefferkorn ER. Toxoplasma gondii: Susceptibility and development of resistance to anticoccidial drugs in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:2358-63.
9. [9] Roos DS. Molecular genetic tools for the identification and analysis of drug targets in Toxoplasma gondii. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1996;219:247-59.
10. [10] Soldati D, Boothroyd JC. Transient transfection and expression in the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Science 1993;260:349-52.
11. [11] Kim K, Soldati D, Boothroyd JC. Gene replacement in Toxoplasma gondii with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase as selectable marker. Science 1993;262:911-4.
12. [12] Donald RGK, Roos DS. Homologous recombination and gene replacement at the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase locus in Toxoplasma gondii. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1994;63:243-53.
13. [13] Sibley LD, Messina M, Niesman IR. Stable DNA transformation in the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii by complementation of tryptophan auxotrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:5508-12.
14. [14] Messina M, Niesman I, Mercier C, Sibley LD. Stable DNA transformation of Toxoplasma gondii using phleomycin selection. Gene 1995;165:213-7.
15. [15] Soldati D, Kim K, Kampmeier J, Dubremetz JF, Boothroyd JC. Complementation of a Toxoplasma gondii ROP1 knock-out mutant using phleomycin selection. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1995;74:87-97.
16. [16] Donald RGK, Roos DS. Insertional mutagenesis and marker rescue in a protozoan parasite, Cloning of the uracil phosphoribosyltransferase locus from Toxoplasma gondii. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:5749-53.
17. [17] Donald RGK, Carter D, Ullman B, Roos DS. Insertional tagging, cloning, and expression of the Toxoplasma gondii hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene. Use as a selectable marker for stable transformation. J Biol Chem 1996;271:14010-9.
18. [18] Hasty P, Ramirez-Solis R, Krumlauf R, Bradley A. Introduction of a subtle mutation into the Hox-2.6 locus in embryonic cells. Nature 1991;350:243-6.
19. [19] Bautista D, Shulman MJ. A hit-and-run system for introducing mutations into the IgH chain locus of hybridoma cells by homologous recombination. J Immunol 1993;151:1950-8.
20. [20] Mortensen R. Gene targeting by homologous recombination. In: Ausubel FM et al. editors. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, suppl. 23. New York: Wiley, 1993: 9.15.1-9.15.6.
21. [21] Iltzsch MH, Uber SS, Tankersley KO, el Kouni MH. Structure-activity relationships for the binding of nucleoside ligands to adenosine kinase from Toxoplasma gondii. Biochem Pharmacol 1995;49:1501-12.
22. [22] Pfefferkorn ER, Pfefferkorn LC. The biochemical basis for resistance to adenine arabinoside in a mutant of Toxoplasma gondii. J Parasitol 1978;64:486-92.
23. [23] Pfefferkorn ER, Borotz SE. Toxoplasma gondii: Characterization of a mutant resistant to 6-thioxanthine. Exp Parasitol 1994;79:374-82.
24. [24] Naguib FN, Iltzsch MH, el Kouni MM, Panzica RP, el Kouni MH. Structure-activity relationships for the binding of ligands to xanthine or guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Toxoplasma gondii. Biochem Pharmacol 1995;50:1685-93.
25. [25] Pfefferkorn ER. Toxoplasma gondii: The enzymic defect of a mutant resistant to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. Exp Parasitol 1978;44:26-35.
26. [26] Pfefferkorn ER, Pfefferkorn LC. Toxoplasma gondii: Characterization of a mutant resistant to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. Exp Parasitol 1977;42:44-55.
27. [27] Fichera ME, Bhopale MK, Roos DS. In vitro assays elucidate peculiar kinetics of clindamycin action against Toxoplasma gondii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:1530-7.
28. [28] Cruz A, Beverley SM. Gene replacement in parasitic protozoa. Nature 1990;348:171-3.
29. [29] Kapler GM, Coburn CM, Beverley SM. Stable transfection of the human parasite Leishmania major delineates a 30-kilobase region sufficient for extrachromosomal replication and expression. Mol Cell Biol 1990;10:1084-94.
30. [30] ten Asbroek AL, Ouellette M, Borst P. Targeted insertion of the neomycin phosphotransferase gene into the tubulin gene cluster of Trypanosoma brucei. Nature 1990;348:174-5.
31. r gene in Leishmania enriettii. Nature 1990;343:572-4.
32. [32] Lee MG, Van der Ploeg LH. Homologous recombination and stable transfection in the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. Science 1990;250:1583-7.
33. [33] Cruz A, Coburn CM, Beverley SM. Double targeted gene replacement for creating null mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:7170-4.
34. [34] van Dijk MR, Waters AP, Janse CJ. Stable transfection of malaria parasite blood stages. Science 1995;268:1358-62.
35. [35] Wu Y, Kirkman LA, Wellems TE. Transformation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites by homologous integration of plasmids that confer resistance to pyrimethamine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:1130-4.
36. [36] Roos DS, Sullivan WJ, Striepen B, Bohne W, Donald RGK. Tagging genes and trapping promoters in Toxoplasma gondii by insertional mutagenesis. Methods (In press).
37. [37] Carter D, Donald RGK, Roos DS, Ullman B. Expression, purification and characterization of uracil phosphoribosyltransferase from Toxoplasma gondii. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1997;87:137-44.
38. [38] Wu H, Liu X, Jaenisch R. Double replacement, Strategy for efficient introduction of subtle mutations into the murine Colla-1 gene by homologous recombination in embryonic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:2819-23.
39. [39] Lin M, Sperle K, Sternberg N. Studies on extrachromosomal homologous recombination in mammalian cells: Implications for chromosomal recombination and gene targeting. In: Gottesman ME, Vogel HJ, editors. Mechanisms of Eukaryotic Recombination. New York: Academic Press, 1992.
40. [40] Choromanski L, Freyre A, Brown K, Popiel I, Shibley G. Safety aspects of a vaccine for cats containing a Toxoplasma gondii mutant strain. J Eukarot. Microbiol 1994;41:8S.
41. [41] Buxton D, Innes EA. A commercial vaccine for ovine toxoplasmosis. Parasitology 1995;Suppl. 110:S11-6.
42. [42] Frenkel JK, Pfefferkorn ER, Smith DD, Fishback JL. Prospective vaccine prepared from a new mutant of T. gondii for use in cats. Am J Vet Res 1991;52:759-63.
43. [43] Sayles PC, Johnson LL. Intact immune defenses are required for mice to resist the ts-4 vaccine strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Infect Immun 1996;64:3088-92.
44. [44] Morrissette NS, Bedian V, Webster P, Roos DS. Characterization of extreme apical antigens from Toxoplasma gondii. Exp Parasitol 1994;79:445-59.
45. [45] Fourmaux MN, Garcia-Réguet N, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Dubremetz JF. Toxoplasma microneme proteins, gene cloning and possible function. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1996;219:55-8.
46. [46] Cesbron-Delauw M-F, Lecordier L, Mercier C. Role of secretory dense granule organelles in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1996;219:59-65.
47. [47] Bohne W, Parmley SF, Yang S, Gross U. Bradyzoite genes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1996;219:81-91.