Birefringence Control in Optical Planar Waveguides

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 21, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 2352-2357

  Zhao, Xiuli ^a,b   Xu, Y Z ^a   Li, Chunfei ^b  

^a Accelink Technologies Co Ltd   (China)

^b HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

Birefringence; Multilayer structures; Optical planar waveguide; Strain; Stress

Indexed keywords

APPROXIMATION THEORY; BIREFRINGENCE; MULTILAYERS; STRAIN; THERMAL STRESS; THIN FILMS;

INTRINSIC STRAINS;

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES;

EID: 0142165124     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2003.818168     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. C. Nadler, M. Lanker, E. Wildermuth, W. Hunziker, and H. Melchior, "Polarization insensitive wavelength multiplexers using stress release grooves," in Proc. ECOC'98, 1998, pp. 129-130.
2. C. K. Nadler, E. K. Wildermuth, M. Lanker, W. Hunziker, and H. Melchior, "Polarization insensitive, low-loss, low-crosstalk wavelength multiplexer modules," IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 5, pp. 1407-1412, Sept.-Oct. 1999.
3. H. Takahashi, Y. Hibina, Y. Ohmmori, and M. Kawachi, "Polarization-insensitive arrayed-waveguide wavelength multiplexer with birefringence compensation film," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 707-708, June 1993.
4. M. Okuno, A. Sugita, K. Jinguji, and M. Kawachi, "Birefringence control of silica waveguides on Si and its application to a polarization-beam splitter/switch," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 12, pp. 625-633, Apr. 1994.
5. J. Canning and M. Aslund, "Birefringence compensation improved fringe contrast and trimming in an integrated asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer using mid-IR laser processing," Opt. Mater., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 175-183, May 2000.
6. J. Canning, M. Aslund, A. Ankiewicz, M. Dainese, H. Fernando, J. K. Sahu, and L. Wosinski, "Birefringence control in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition planar waveguides by ultraviolet irradiation." Appl. Opt., vol. 39, no. 24, pp. 4296-4299, Aug. 2000.
7. 2: structure," Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 642-643, Apr. 1994.
8. S. Suzuki, S. Sumida, Y. Inoue, M. Ishii, and Y. Ohmori, "Polarization-insensitive arrayed-waveguide grating using dopant-rich silica-based glass with thermal expansion adjusted to Si substrate," Electron. Lett., vol. 33, no. 13, pp. 1173-1174, June. 1997.
9. S. M. Ojha, C. Cureton, T. Bricheno, S. Day. D. Moule, A. J. Bell, and J. Taylor, "Simple method of fabrication polarization-insensitive and very low crosstalk AWG grating devices," Electron. Lett., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 78-79, Jan. 1994.
10. J. Canning, "Birefringence control in planar waveguides using doped top layers," Opt. Comm., vol. 191, pp. 225-228, May 2001.
11. J. Kilian, J. Kirchhof, B. Kuhlow, G. Przyrembel, and W. Wischmann, "Birefringence free planar waveguide made by FDH through tailoring of the overcladding," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 18, pp. 193-198, Feb. 2000.
12. D. Xiaoqing, Y. Qinqing, W. Hongjie, H. Xiongwei, and W. Qiming, "Stress analysis of silica optical waveguide on silicon by a finite element method," Chin. J. Semicond., vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1196-1200, Nov. 2002.
13. X. Zhao, Y. Z. Xu, and C. Li, "Thermal strain analysis in optical planar waveguides," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 398-400, Mar. 2003.
14. X. Zhao, C. Li, and Y. Z. Xu, "Stress-induced birefringence control in optical planar waveguides." Opt. Lett., vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 564-566, Apr. 2003.
15. P. Townsend, D. Barnett, and T. Brunner, "Elastic relationships in layered composite media with approximation for the case of thin films on a thick substrate," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 62, pp. 4438-4444, Dec. 1987.
16. S. P. Timoshenko and J. N. Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970. pp. 15-456.
17. C. A. Klein and R. P. Miller, "Strains and stresses in multilayered elastic structures: the case of chemically vapor-deposited ZnS'ZnSe laminates," J. Appl. Mech., vol. 87, no. 5, pp. 2265-2272, Mar. 2000.
18. W. D. Nix, "Mechanical properties of thin films," Metall. Trans., vol. 20A, pp. 2217-2245, Nov. 1989.
19. C.-H. Hsueh, "Modeling of elastic deformation of multilayers due to residual stresses and external bending." J. Appl. Phys., vol. 91, no. 12, pp. 4438-4444, June 2002.