Potential clinical implications of implicit and explicit attitudes within possible exercise selves schemata: A pilot study

Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 201-208

  Harju, Beverly L ^a   Reed, Jonathan M ^a  

^a EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Exercise schema; Implicit attitudes; Possible selves

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; COLLEGE STUDENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; EXERCISE; FEAR; FEMALE; FITNESS; HUMAN; IMMOBILIZATION; MALE; MOTIVATION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PILOT STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REACTION TIME; SELF CONCEPT; SELF EVALUATION; TASK PERFORMANCE; TIME;

EID: 0142125833     PISSN: 10689583     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1025414913130     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
2. Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (1999). The unbearable automaticity of being. American Psychologist, 54, 462-479.
3. Chaiken, S., & Trope, Y. (Eds.). (1999). Dual-process theories in social psychology. New York: Guilford.
4. Cross, S., & Markus, H. R. (1991). Possible selves across the lifespan. Human Development, 34, 230-255.
5. Cross, S., & Markus, H. R. (1994). Self-schemata, possible selves and competent performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 423-438.
6. Cunningham, W. A., Preacher, K. J., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). Implicit attitude measures: Consistency, stability and convergent validity. Psychological Science, 121, 163-170.
7. Eastabrook, P., & Courneya, K. S. (1997). Relationship among self-schema, intention, and exercise behavior. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 156-168.
8. Fazio, R. H. (1990). A practical guide to the use of response latency in social psychological research. In C. Hendrick and M. Clark (Eds.), Research methods in personality and social psychology: Vol. 11. Review of personality and social psychology. (pp. 74-97). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
9. Francis, W. N., & Kučera, H. (1982). Frequency analysis of English usage: Lexicon and grammar. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
10. Greenwald, A. G., & Farnham, S. D. (2000). Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 1022-1038.
11. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E. & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480.
12. Hamann, S. B., & Squire, L. R. (1997). Intact perceptual memory in the absence of conscious memory. Behavioral Neuroscience, 111, 850-854.
13. Hooker, K. (1992). Possible selves and perceived health in older adults and college students. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, 85-95.
14. Hooker, K. (1999). Possible selves in adulthood: Incorporating teleonomic relevance into studies of self. In T. M. Hess, & F. F. Blanchard (Eds.), Social cognition & aging (pp. 97-122). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
15. Hooker, K., & Kaus, C. R. (1994). Health-related possible selves in young and middle adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 9, 126-133.
16. Jackson, A. S., Blair, S. N., Mahar, M. T., Wier, L. T., Ross, R. M., & Stuteville, J. E. (1990). Prediction of functional aerobic capacity without exercise testing. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 22, 863-870.
17. Kendzierski, D. (1988). Self-schemata and exercise. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 9, 45-59.
18. Kendzierski, D. (1990). Exercise self-schemata: Cognitive and behavioral correlates. Health Psychology, 9, 69-82.
19. Kihlstrom, J. F. (1999). The psychological unconscious. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed, pp. 424-442). New York: Guilford.
20. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation. American Psychologist, 57, 705-717.
21. Markus, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 63-78.
22. Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954-969.
23. Morehead, A. T., von Zedtwitz, W., Morehead, L. C., Gehres, L. F., Ramondino, S., Wolf, D. D., et al. (1978). The New American Roget's College Thesaurus. New York: Signet.
24. Ottaway, S. A., Hayden, D. C., & Oakes, M. A. (2001). Implicit attitudes and racism: Effects of word familiarity and frequency on the implicit association test. Social Cognition, 19, 97-144.
25. Petrella, R. J. (1999). Exercise for older patients with chronic disease. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 27, 79-101.
26. Prentice, W. E. (1997). Fitness for college and life (5th ed,, p. 251). St Louis, MN: Mosby.
27. Reber, A. S. (1989). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 219-235.
28. Reed, J. M., & Johnson, P. (1994). Assessing implicit learning with indirect tests: Determining what is learned about sequence structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 585-594.
29. Rudman, L. A., Greenwald, A. G., & McGhee, D. E. (2001). Implicit self-concept and evaluative implicit gender stereotypes: Self and ingroup share desirable traits. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1164-1178.
30. Schacter, D. L., Chiu, C. Y., & Ochsner, K. N. (1993). Implicit memory: A selective review. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 16, 159-182.
31. Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078.
32. Schwenk, T. L. (1999). Rejuvenating patients-One step at a time. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 27, 3-4.
33. Sheeran, P., & Orbell, S. (2000). Self-schemas and the theory of planned behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 533-550.
34. Swanson, J. E., Rudman, L. A., & Greenwald, A. G. (2001). Using the Implicit Association Test to investigate attitude-behavior consistency for stigmatized behavior. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 207-230.
35. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, USD-HHS. (1996). Physical activity and health: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: CDC.
36. Whaley, D. E. (1998). Investigation of possible selves across stages of exercise involvement with middle-aged women. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section aB The Sciences and Engineering, 56(2B), 0625.
37. Yin, Z., & Boyd, M. P. (2000). Behavioral and cognitive correlates of exercise self-schemata. The Journal of Psychology, 134, 269-282.
38. Yingling, C. D. (2001). Neural mechanisms of unconscious cognitive processing. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112, 157-158.