The Arabidopsis TDS4 gene encodes leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX) and is essential for proanthocyanidin synthesis and vacuole development

Plant Journal

Volumn 35, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 624-636

  Abrahams, Sharon ^a   Lee, Elizabeth ^a   Walker, Amanda R ^a   Tanner, Gregory J ^a   Larkin, Philip J ^a   Ashton, Anthony R ^a  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anthocyanin synthase; Dioxygenase; LDOX; Leucoanthocyanidin; Proanthocyanidin; Tannin

Indexed keywords

ALDEHYDES; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENETIC ENGINEERING; MUTAGENESIS; PLANT CELL CULTURE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

PRECURSORS;

PLANTS (BOTANY);

ALLELES; ANTHOCYANINS; ARABIDOPSIS; ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS; CHROMOSOME MAPPING; CINNAMATES; COTYLEDON; GENETIC COMPLEMENTATION TEST; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NADH, NADPH OXIDOREDUCTASES; OXYGENASES; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; SEEDS; VACUOLES;

ARABIDOPSIS; EMBRYOPHYTA; EUKARYOTA; INSERTION SEQUENCES; SPERMATOPHYTA;

EID: 0141792954     PISSN: 09607412     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01834.x     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Abrahams, S., Tanner, G.J., Larkin, P.J. and Ashton, A.R. (2002) Identification and biochemical characterization of mutants in the proanthocyanidin pathway in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 130, 561-576.
2. Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Meyers, E.W. and Lipman, D.J. (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215, 403-410.
3. Amelunxen, F. and Heinze, U. (1984) On the development of the vacuole in the testa of Linum seeds. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 35, 343-354.
4. Bechtold, N., Ellis, J. and Pelletier, G. (1993) In planta Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer by infiltration of adult Arabidopsis thaliana plants. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Life Sci. 316, 1194-1199.
5. Bethke, P.C. and Jones, R.L. (2000) Vacuoles and provacuolar compartments. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 3, 469-475.
6. Bloor, S. and Abrahams, S. (2002) The structure of the major anthocyanin in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry, 59, 343-346.
7. Boss, P.K., Davies, C. and Robinson, S.P. (1996) Analysis of the expression of anthocyanin pathway genes in the developing Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz grape berries and the implications for pathway regulation. Plant Physiol. 111, 1059-1066.
8. Britsch, L. and Grisebach, H. (1986) Purification and characterisation of (2S)-flavanone 3-hydroxylase from Petunia hybrida. Eur. J. Biochem. 156, 569-577.
9. Debeaujon, I., Peeters, A.J.M., Leon-Kloosterziel, K.M. and Koornneef, M. (2001) The TRANSPARENT TESTA 12 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a multidrug secondary transporter-like protein required for flavonoid sequestration in vacuoles of the seed coat endothelium. Plant Cell, 13, 853-871.
10. Devic, M., Guilleminot, J., Debeaujon, I., Bechtold, N., Bensaude, E., Koornneef, M., Pelletier, G. and Delseny, M. (1999) The BANYULS gene encodes a DFR-like protein and is a marker of early seed coat development. Plant J. 19, 387-398.
11. Downey, M., Harvey, J. and Robinson, S.P. (2003) Analysis of tannins in seeds and skins of Shiraz grapes throughout berry development. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. 9, 15-27.
12. Foo, L.Y., Newman, R., Waghorn, G., McNabb, W.C. and Ulyatt, M.J. (1996) Proanthocyanidins from Lotus corniculatus. Phytochemistry, 41, 617-624.
13. Foo, L.Y., Lu, Y., Molan, A.L., Woodfield, D.R. and MeNabb, W.C. (2000) The phenols and prodelphinidins of white clover flowers. Phytochemistry, 54, 539-548.
14. Gleave, A.P. (1992) A versatile binary vector system with a T-DNA organisational structure conducive to efficient integration of cloned DNA into the plant genome. Plant Mol. Biol. 20, 1203-1207.
15. Hagerman, A.E. and Butler, L.G. (1981) The specificity of proanthocyanidin-protein interactions. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 4494-4497.
16. Hilling, B. and Amelunxen, F. (1985) On the development of the vacuole. Part II. Further evidence for endoplasmic reticulum origin. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 38, 195-200.
17. Kennedy, J.A. and Jones, G.P. (2001) Analysis of proanthocyanidin cleavage products following acid-catalysis in the presence of excess phloroglucinol. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 1740-1746.
18. Koupai-Abyazani, M.R., McCallum, J., Muir, A.D., Lees, G.L., Bohm, B.A., Towers, G.H.N. and Gruber, M.Y. (1993) Purification and characterisation of a proanthocyanidin polymer from seed alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Beaver). J. Agric. Food Chem. 41, 565-569.
19. Kristiansen, K. (1984) Biosynthesis of procyanidins in barley: genetic control of the conversion of dihydroquercetin to catechin and procyanidins. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 49, 503-524.
20. Lin, Y., Seals, D.F., Randall, S.K. and Yang, Z. (2001) Dynamic localisation of Rop GTPases to the tonoplast during vacuole development. Plant Physiol. 125, 241-251.
21. Marty, F. (1999) Plant vacuoles. Plant Cell, 11, 587-599.
22. Nesi, N., Debeaujon, I., Jond, C., Pelletier, G., Caboche, M. and Lepiniec, L. (2000) The TT8 gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix domain protein required for expression of DFR and BAN genes in Arabidopsis siliques. Plant Cell, 12, 1863-1878.
23. Nesi, N., Jond, C., Debeaujon, I., Caboche, M. and Lepiniec, L. (2001) The Arabidopsis TT2 gene encodes an R2R3 domain protein that acts as a key determinant for proanthocyanidin accumulation in developing seed. Plant Cell, 13, 2099-2114.
24. Nielson, A.J. and Griffith, W.P. (1978) Tissue fixation and staining with osmium tetroxide: the role of phenolic compounds. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 26, 138.
25. Pelletier, M.K., Murrell, J.R. and Shirley, B.W. (1997) Characterisation of flavonol synthase and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 113, 1437-1445.
26. Porter, L.J. (1989) Tannins. In Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Vol. 1. Plant Phenolics (Harbourne, J.B., ed.). London: Academic Press, pp. 389-419.
27. Robbins, M.P., Carron, T.R. and Morris, P. (1992) Transgenic Lotus corniculatus: a model system for modification and genetic manipulation of condensed tannin biosynthesis. In Plant Polyphenols (Hemingway, R.E. and Laks, P.E., eds). New York: Plenum Press, pp. 111-131.
28. Saito, K., Kobayashi, M., Gong, Z., Tanaka, Y. and Yamazaki, M. (1999) Direct evidence for anthocyanidin synthase as a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase: molecular cloning and functional expression of cDNA from a red forma of Perilla frutescens. Plant J. 17, 181-189.
29. Sambrook, J. and Russell, D.W. (2001) Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 3rd edn. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
30. Sanderfoot, A.A. and Raikhel, N.V. (1999) The specificity of vesicle trafficking: coat proteins and SNAREs. Plant Cell, 11, 629-641.
31. Sanderfoot, A.A., Kovaleva, V., Bassham, D.C. and Raikhel, N.V. (2001) Interactions between syntaxins identify at least five SNARE complexes within the Golgi/provacuolar system of the Arabidopsis cell. Mol. Biol. Cell, 12, 3733-3743.
32. Schulz, B., Bennett, M.J., Dilkes, B.P. and Feldmann, K.A. (1994) T-DNA tagging in Arabidopsis thaliana: cloning by gene disruption. In Plant Molecular Biology Manual, 2nd edn. (Suppl. I), K3. (Gelvin, S.T., Robbert, A. and Schilperoort, R.A., eds). Belgium: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
33. Stafford, H.A. (1990) Flavonoid Metabolism. Florida: CRC Press.
34. Sundaresan, V., Springer, P., Volpe, T., Haward, S., Jones, J.D.G., Dean, C., Ma, H. and Martienssen, R.A. (1995) Patterns of gene action in plant development revealed by enhancer trap and gene trap transposable elements. Genes Dev. 9, 1797-1810.
35. 3H]-leucocyanidin and enzymatic reduction to catechin. Anal Biochem. 209, 274-277.
36. Tanner, G.J., Moore, A.M. and Larkin, P.J. (1994) Proanthocyanidins inhibit hydrolysis of leaf proteins by rumen microflora in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 71, 947-958.
37. Tanner, G.J., Ashton, A.R., Abrahams, S., Watson, J.R., Larkin, P.J. and Francki, K.T. (2002) Novel gene and uses therefore to modify pasture qualities of crops. International Publication Number WO, 02/06625, A1.
38. Tanner, G.J., Francki, K.T., Abrahams, S., Watson, J.M., Larkin, P.J. and Ashton, A.R. (2003) Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in plants: purification of legume leucoanthocyanidin reductase and molecular cloning of its cDNA. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (in press).
39. Turnbull, J.J., Sobey, W.J., Aplin, R.T., Hassan, A., Firmin, J.L., Schofield, C.J. and Prescott, A.G. (2000) Are anthocyanidins the immediate products of anthocanidin synthase? Chem. Commun. 2000, 2473-2474.
40. Wilmouth, R.C., Turnbull, J.T., Welford, R.W.D., Clifton, I.J., Prescott, A.G. and Schofield, C.J. (2002) Structure and mechanism of anthocyanidins synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Structure, 10, 93-103.
41. Winkel-Shirley, B. (2001) Flavonoid biosynthesis. A colourful model for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology and biotechnology. Plant Physiol. 126, 485-493.
42. Xie, D.Y., Sharma, S.B., Paiva, N.L., Ferreira, D. and Dixon, R.A. (2003) Role of anthocyanidin reductase, encoded by BANYULS in plant flavonoid biosynthesis. Science, 222, 396-399.