Testing the accelerator hypothesis: The relationship between body mass and age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes

Diabetes Care

Volumn 26, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 2865-2870

  Kibirige, M ^a   Metcalf, B ^b   Renuka, R ^a   Wilkin, T J ^b,c  

^a JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b PENINSULA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^c DERRIFORD HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BODY FAT; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; ONSET AGE; SEX DIFFERENCE;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGE OF ONSET; BODY MASS INDEX; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; OBESITY; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 0141446269     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.10.2865     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. EURODIAB ACE Study Group: Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe. Lancet 355:873-876, 2000
2. Dostou J, Gerich J: Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 109 (Suppl. 2):S149-S156, 2001
3. Wilkin TJ: The accelerator hypothesis: weight gain as the missing link between type I and type II diabetes. Diabetologia 44:914-922, 2001
4. Ginsberg HN: Investigation of insulin sensitivity in treated subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 26:278-283, 1977
5. DeFronzo RA, Hendler R, Simonson D: Insulin resistance is a prominent feature of insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes 31:795-801, 1982
6. Linn T, Ebener K, Raptis G, Laube H, Federlin K: Natural course of insulin sensitivity and insulin reserve in early insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 44:617-623, 1995
7. Leslie RD, Taylor R, Pozzilli P: The role of insulin resistance in the natural history of type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 14:327-331, 1997
8. Greenbaum CJ: Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes. Diabete Metab Res Rev 18:192-200, 2002.
9. Juneja R, Palmer JP: Type 1 1/2 diabetes: myth or reality? Autoimmunity 29:65-83, 1999
10. Libman I, Arslanian S: Type 2 diabetes in childhood: the American perspective. Horm Res 59 (Suppl. 1):69-76, 2003
11. Clausen JO, Borch-Johnsen K, Ibsen H, Bergman RN, Hougaard P, Winter K, Pederson O: Insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response and glucose effectiveness in a population-based sample of 380 young healthy Caucasians: analysis of the impact of gender, body fat, physical fitness and lifestyle factors. J Clin Invest 98:1195-1209, 1996
12. Prentice AM, Jebb SA: Obesity in Britain: gluttony or sloth? BMJ 311:437-39
13. Maedler K, Spinas GA, Lehmann R, Sergeev P, Weber M, Fontana A, Kaiser N, Donath MY: Glucose induces beta-cell apoptosis via upregulation of the Fas receptor in human islets. Diabetes 50:1683-1690, 2001
14. Bjork E, Kampe O, Karlsson FA, DG, Andersson A, Hellerstrom C, Eizirik DL: Glucose regulation c,f the autoantigen GAD65 in human pancreatic islets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75:574-576, 1992
15. Wilkin T: Autoimmunity: attack or defence? (The case for a primary lesion theory). Autoimmunity 3:57-73, 1989
16. Eriksson JG, Forsen T, Tuomilehto J, Winter PD, Osmond C, Barker DJ: Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: longitudinal study. BMJ 318:427-431, 1999
17. Barker DJ: The fetal and infant origins of adult disease. BMJ 301:1111-1116, 1990
18. Hales CN, Barker DJ. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent): diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Diabetologia 35:595-601, 1992
19. Cianfarani S, Germani D, Branca F: Low birthweight and adult insulin resistance: the "catch-up growth' hypothesis. Arch Dis Child Fetal/ Neonatal Ed 81:F71-F73, 1999
20. Bavdekar A, Yajnik CS, Fall CHD, Bapat S, Pandit AN, Deshpande V, Bhave S, Kellingray SD, Joglekar C: Insulin resistance syndrome in 8-year-old Indian children: small at birth, big at 8 years, or both? Diabetes 48:2422-2429, 1999
21. Wilkin TJ, Metcalf BS, Murphy MJ, Kirkby J, Jeffery AN, Voss LD: The relative contributions of birth weight, 'catch-up' weight and current weight to insulin resistance in contemporary five-year-olds: (EarlyBird 2). Diabetes 51:3468-3472, 2002
22. Baum JD, Ounsted M, Smith MA: Weight gain in infancy and subsequent development of diabetes mellitus in childhood. Lancet 2:866, 1975
23. Johansson C, Samuelsson U, Ludvigsson J: A high weight gain in early life is associated with an increased risk of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia 37:91-94, 1994
24. Hypponen E, Kenward MG, Virtanen SM, Piitulainen A, Virta-Autio P, Tuomilehto J, Knip M, Akerblom HK: Infant feeding, early weight gain and risk of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 22:1961-1965, 1999
25. Bruining GJ: Association between infant growth before onset of juvenile type 1 diabetes and autoantibodies to IA-2. Lancet 356:655-656, 2000
26. Hypponen E, Virtanen SM, Kenward MG, Knip M, Akerblom HK, The Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group: Obesity, increased linear growth, and risk of type 1 diabetes in children. Diabetes Care 23:1755-1760, 2000
27. Blom L, Persson LA, Dahlquist G: A high linear growth is associated with an increased risk of childhocd diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 35:528-533, 1992
28. Weets I, Van Autreve J, Van der Auwera BJ, Schuit FC, Du Caju MV, Decochez K, De Leeuw IH, Keymeulen B, Mathieu C, Rottiers R, Dorchy H, Quartier E, Gorus FK; Belgian Diabetes Registry: Male-to-female excess in diabetes diagnosed in early adulthood is not specific for the immune-related form, nor is it HLA-DQ restricted: possible relation to increased body mass index. Diabetologia 44:40-47, 2001
29. Rolandsson O, Hagg E, Hampe C, Sullivan EP Jr, Nilsson M, Jansson G, Hallmans G, Lemmark A: Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD 65) and tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (IA-2) autoantibody index in a regional population is related to glucose intolerance and body mass index. Diabetologia 42:555-559, 1999
30. Ehtisham S, Barrett TG, Shaw NJ: Type 2 diabetes mellitus in UK children-an emerging problem. Diabet Med 17:867-871, 2000
31. Gorus FK, Pipeleers DG, the Belgian Diabetes Registry: Prospects for predicting and stopping beta cell destruction. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 15:371-389, 2001
32. Pundziute-Lycka A, Dahlquist G, Nysstrom L, Amqvist H, Bjork E, Blohme G, Bolinder J, Eriksson JW, Sundqvist G, Ostman J, the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Group: The incidence of type 1 diabetes has not increased, but has shifted to a younger age-at-diagnosis in the 0-34 years group in Sweden 1983 to 1998. Diabetologia 45:783-791, 2002
33. Freeman JV, Cole TJ, Chinn S, Jones PR, White EM, Preece MA: Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990. Arch Dis Child 73:17-24, 1995
34. Cole TJ, Freeman JV, Preece MA: Body mass index reference curves for the UK. Arch Dis Child 73:25-29, 1995
35. Weets I, De Leeuw IH, Du Caju MV, Rooman R, Keymeulen B, Mathieu C, Rottiers R, Daubresse JC, Rocour-Brumioul D, Pipeleers DG, Gorus FK, The Belgian Diabetes Registry: The incidence of type 1 diabetes in the age group 0-39 years has not increased in Antwerp (Belgium) between 1989 and 2000: evidence for earlier disease manifestation. Diabetes Care 25:840-846, 2002
36. Voss LD, Mulligan J: Child obesity and body-mass index. Lancet 353:2070, 1990
37. Crowther NJ, Cameron N, Trusler J, Gray IP: Association between poor glucose tolerance and rapid post-natal weight gain in seven-year-old children. Diabetologia 41:1163-1167, 1998
38. Dahlquist G: The aetiology of type 1 diabetes: an epidemiological perspective. Acta Paediatr 425 (Suppl.):5-10, 1998
39. Gepts W: Pathologic anatomy of the pancreas in juvenile diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 14:619-633, 1965
40. Zimmet P: Globalisation, coca-colonisation and the chronic disease epidemic: can the Doomsday scenario be averted? J Intern Med 247:301-310, 2000
41. Akerblom HK, Reunanen A: The epidemiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Finland and in northern Europe. Diabetes Care 8 (Suppl. 1):10-16, 1985
42. Onkamo P, Vaananen S, Karvonen M, Tuomilehto J: Worldwide increase of type 1 diabetes: analysis of the data on published incidence trends. Diabetologia 42:1395-1403, 1999
43. Verge CF, Stenger D, Bonifacio E, Colman PG, Pilcher C, Bingley PJ, Eisenbarth GS: Combined use of autoantibodies (IA-2 autoantibody, GAD autoantibody, insulin autoantibody, cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies) in type 1 diabetes: Combinatorial Islet Autoantibody Workshop. Diabetes 47:1857-1866, 1998
44. Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hamalainen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Laakso M, Louheranta A, Rastas M, Salminen V, Uusitupa M, Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group: prevention of type 2 diabetes mellicus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 344:1343-1350, 2001
45. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group: Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346:393-403, 2002