Novel insights into the regulation of the timeless protein

Journal of Neuroscience

Volumn 23, Issue 21, 2003, Pages 7810-7819

  Ashmore, Lesley J ^a   Sathyanarayanan, Sriram ^a   Silvestre, David W ^a   Emerson, Mark M ^a,c   Schotland, Peter ^a   Sehgal, Amita ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b 232 Stemmler Hall ^*  (United States)

^c HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Biological clocks; Cycle; LMB; Nuclear export; Period; Rhythms; Timeless; Transcription factors

Indexed keywords

PER PROTEIN; PROTEIN; TIM PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DIMERIZATION; GENE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE FUNCTION; GENE REPRESSION; MAMMAL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

EID: 0042821797     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.23-21-07810.2003     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Bae K, Lee C, Sidote D, Chuang KY, Edery I (1998) Circadian regulation of a Drosophila homolog of the mammalian Clock gene: PER and TIM function as positive regulators. Mol Cell Biol 18:6142-6151.
2. Baylies MK, Bargielli TA, Jackson FR, Young MW (1987) Changes in abundance or structure of the per gene product can alter periodicity of the Drosophila clock. Nature 326:390-392.
3. Ceriani MF, Hogenesch JB, Yanovsky M, Panda S, Straume M, Kay SA (2002) Genome-wide expression analysis in Drosophila reveals gene!; controlling circadian behavior. J Neurosci 22:9305-9319.
4. Chen Y, Hunter-Ensor M, Schotland P, Sehgal A (1998) Alterations of per RNA in noncoding regions affect periodicity of circadian behavioral rhythms. J Biol Rhythms 13:364-379.
5. Claridge-Chang A, Wijnen H, Naef F, Boothroyd C, Rajewsky N, Young M (2001) Circadian regulation of gene expression systems in the Drosophila head. Neuron 32:657-671.
6. Curtin KD, Huang ZJ, Rosbash M (1995) Temporally regulated nuclear entry of the Drosophila period protein contributes to the circadian clock. Neuron 14:365-372.
7. Cyran SA, Buchsbaum AM, Reddy KL, Lin M, Glossop NRJ, Hardin PE, Young MW, Storti RV, Blau J (2003) vrille, Pdpl, and dClock form a second feedback loop in the Drosophila circadian clock. Cell 112:329-341.
8. Darlington TK, Wagner-Smith K, Ceriani MF, Staknis D, Gekakis N, Steeves TDL, Weitz CJ, Takahashi JS, Kay SA (1998) Closing the circadian loop: clock-induced transcription of its own inhibitors per and tim. Science 280:1599-1603.
9. Gekakis N, Saez L, Delahaye BA, Myers MP, Sehgal A, Young MW, Weitz CJ (1995) Isolation of timeless by PER protein interaction: defective interaction between timeless protein and long-period mutant PERL. Science 270:811-815.
10. Gill G, Pascal E, Tseng Z, Tjian R (1994) A glutamine-rich hydrophobic patch in transcription factor Spl contacts the dTAFII110 component of the Drosophila TFIID complex and mediates transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:192-196.
11. Glossop NRJ, Lyons LC, Hardin PE (1999) Interlocked feedback loops within the Drosophila circadian oscillator. Science 286:766-768.
12. Glossop N, Houl JH, Zheng H, Ng F, Dudek SM, Hardin P (2003) VRILLE feeds back to control circadian transcription of Clock in the Drosophila circadian oscillator. Neuron 37:249-261.
13. Hao H, Glossop N, Lyons L, Qiu J, Morrish B, Cheng Y, Helfrich-Forster C, Hardin P (1999) The 69 bp circadian regulatory sequence (CRS) mediates per-like developmental, spatial, and circadian expression and behavioral rescue in Drosophila. J Neurosci 19:987-994.
14. Helfrich-Forster C (1995) The period clock gene is expressed in central nervous system neurons which also produce a neuropeptide that reveals the projections of circadian pacemaker cells within the brain of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:612-616.
15. Henderson BR, Eleftheriou A (2000) A comparison of the activity, sequence specificity, and CRM1-dependence of different nuclear export signals. Exp Cell Res 256:213-224.
16. Hirayama J, Fukuda I, Ishikawa T, Kobayashi K, Todo T (2003) New role of zCRY and zPER2 as regulators of subcellular distributions of zCLOCK and zBMAL proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 31:935-943.
17. Hunter-Ensor M, Ousley A, Sehgal A (1996) Regulation of the Drosophila protein timeless suggests a mechanism for resetting the circadian clock by light. Cell 84:677-686.
18. Ivachenko M, Stanewsky R, Giebultowicz JM (2001) Circadian photoreception in Drosophila: functions of cryptochrome in peripheral and central clocks. J Biol Rhythms 16:205-215.
19. Kaneko M, Helfrich-Forster C, Hall JC (1997) Spatial and temporal expression of the period and timeless genes in the developing nervous system of Drosophila: newly identified pacemaker candidates and novel features of clock gene product cycling. J Neurosci 17:6745-6760.
20. Ko HW, Jiang J, Edery I (2002) Role for Slimb in the degradation of Drosophila Period protein phosphorylated by Doubletime. Nature 420:673-678.
21. Kobayashi Y, Ishikawa T, Hirayama J, Daiyasu H, Kanai S, Toh H, Fukuda I, Twujimura T, Terada N, Kamei Y, Yuba S, Iwai S, Todo T (2000) Molecular analysis of zebrafish photolyase/cryptochrome family: two types of cryptochromes present in zebrafish. Genes Cells 5:725-738.
22. Krishnan B, Levine JD, Lynch MKS, Dowse HB, Funes P, Hall JC, Hardin PE, Dryer SE (2001) A new role for cryptochrome in a Drosophila circadian oscillator. Nature 411:313-317.
23. Kume K, Zylka MJ, Sriram S, Shearman LP, Weaver DR, Jin X, Maywood ES, Hastings MH, Reppert SM (1999) mCRY1 and mCRY2 are essential components of the negative limb of the circadian clock feedback loop. Cell 98:193-205.
24. Lee C, Parikh V, Itsukaichi T, Bae K, Edery I (1996) Resetting the Drosophila clock by photic regulation of PER and a PER-TIM complex. Science 271:1740-1744.
25. Lee C, Bae K, Edery I (1998) The Drosophila CLOCK protein undergoes daily rhythms in abundance, phosphorylation and interactions with the PER-TIM complex. Neuron 21:857-867.
26. Lee C, Bae K, Edery I (1999) PER and TIM inhibit the DNA binding activity of a Drosophila CLOCK-CYC/dBMAL1 heterodimer without disrupting formation of the heterodimer: a basis for circadian transcription. Mol Cell Biol 19:5316-5325.
27. Lin F, Song W, Meyer-Bernstein E, Naidoo N, Sehgal A (2001) Photic signaling by cryptochrome in the Drosophila circadian clock. Mol Cell Biol 21:7287-7294.
28. Lin Y, Han M, Shimada B, Wang L, Gibler TM, Amarakone A, Awad TA, Stomo GD, Van Gelder RN, Taghert PH (2002) Influence of the period-dependent circadian clock on diurnal, circadian, and aperiodic gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:9562-9567.
29. Martinek S, Inonog S, Manoukian AS, Young MW (2001) A role for the segment polarity gene shaggy/GSK-3 in the Drosophila circadian clock. Cell 105:769-779.
30. McDonald MJ, Rosbash M (2001) Microarray analysis and organization of circadian gene expression in Drosophila. Cell 107:567-578.
31. Myers MP, Wager-Smith K, Rothenflugh A, Young MW (1996) Light-induced degradation of TIMELESS and entrainment of the Drosophila circadian clock. Science 271:1736-1740.
32. Naidoo N, Song W, Hunter-Ensor M, Sehgal A (1999) A role for the proteasome in the light response of the timeless clock protein. Science 285:1737-1741.
33. Nishi K, Yoshida M, Fujiwara D, Nishikawa M, Horinouchi S, Beppu T (1994) Leptomycin B targets a regulatory cascade of crm1, a fission yeast nuclear protein involved in control of higher order chromosome structure and gene expression. J Biol Chem 269:6320-6324.
34. Ousley A, Zafarullah K, Chen Y, Emerson M, Hickman L, Sehgal A (1998) Conserved regions of the timeless (tim) clock gene in Drosophila analyzed through phylogenetic and functional studies. Genetics 148:815-825.
35. Price JL, Dembinska ME, Young MW, Rosbash M (1995) Suppression of PERIOD protein abundance and circadian cycling by the Drosophila clock mutation timeless. EMBO J 14:4044-4049.
36. Roberts S (2000) Mechanisms of action of transcription activation and repression domains. Cell Mol Life Sci 57:1149-1160.
37. Rosato E, Veryan C, Mazzotta G, Piccin A, Zordan M, Costa R, Kyriacou C (2001) Light-dependent interaction between Drosophila CRY and the clock protein PER mediated by the carboxy terminus of CRY. Curr Biol 11:908-917.
38. Rothenfluh A, Young MW, Saez L (2000a) A TIMELESS-independent function for PERIOD proteins in the Drosophila clock. Neuron 26:505-514.
39. Rothenfluh A, Abodeely M, Price JL, Young MW (2000b) Isolation and analysis of six timeless alleles that cause short or long period circadian rhythms in Drosophila. Genetics 156:665-675.
40. Saez L, Young MW (1996) Regulation of nuclear entry of the Drosophila clock proteins Period and Timeless. Neuron 17:911-920.
41. Schotland P, Hunter-Ensor M, Lawrence T, Sehgal A (2000) Altered entrainment and feedback loop function effected by a mutant period protein. J Neurosci 20:958-968.
42. Shafer O, Rosbash M, Truman J (2002) Sequential nuclear accumulation of the clock proteins period and timeless in the pacemaker neurons of Drosophila melanogaster. J Neurosci 22:5946-5954.
43. Smith R, Konopka R (1982) Effects of dosage alterations at the per locus on the period of the circadian clock of Drosophila. Mol Gen Genet 185:30-36.
44. So WV, Rosbash M (1997) Post-transcriptional regulation contributes to Drosophila clock gene mRNA cycling. EMBO J 16:7146-7155.
45. Stanewsky R (2003) Genetic analysis of the circadian system in Drosophila melanogaster and mammals. J Neurobiol 54:111-147.
46. Suri V, Lanjuin A, Rosbash M (1999) TIMELESS-dependent positive and negative autoregulation in the Drosophila circadian clock. EMBO J 18:675-686.
47. Thummel CS, Pirrotta V (1992) New pCaSpeR element vectors. DIS 71:150.
48. Vielhabert EL, Duricka D, Ullman KS, Virshup D (2001) Nuclear export of mammalian PERIOD proteins. J Biol Chem 276:45921-45927.
49. Vosshall LB, Price JL, Sehgal A, Saez L, Young MW (1994) Block in nuclear localization of period protein by a second clock mutation, timeless. Science 263:1606-1609.
50. Wang G, Ousley A, Darlington T, Chen D, Chen Y, Fu W, Hickman L, Kay S, Sehgal A (2001) Regulation of the cycling of timeless RNA. J Neurobiol 47:161-175.
51. Williams JA, Sehgal A (2001) Molecular components of the Drosophila circadian clock. Annu Rev Physiol 63:729-755.
52. Yagita K, Tamanini F, Yasuda M, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Van der Horst GTJ, Okamura H (2002) Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and mCRY-dependent inhibition of ubiquitylation of the mPER2 clock protein. EMBO J 21:1301-1314.
53. Yang Z, Sehgal A (2001) Role of molecular oscillations in the Drosophila circadian clock. Neuron 29:453-467.
54. Zeng H, Qian Z, Myers MP, Rosbash M (1996) A light entrainment mechanism for the Drosophila circadian clock. Nature 380:129-135.