Analysis of english nonsense syllable recognition in noise

Phonetica

Volumn 60, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 129-157

  Benkí, José R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; NOISE; PHONETICS; RECOGNITION; SEMANTICS; SPEECH PERCEPTION;

HUMANS; LANGUAGE; NOISE; PHONETICS; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); SEMANTICS; SPEECH PERCEPTION;

EID: 0042324610     PISSN: 00318388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000071450     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Allen, J.: How do humans process and recognize speech? IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Processing 2: 567-577 (1994).
2. Alwan, A.; Zhu, Q., Lo, J.: Human and machine recognition of speech sounds in noise. Proc. 13th World Multiconf. on Systems, Cybernetics, and Information, pp. 218-223 (2001).
3. Bahl, L.R.; Jelinek, F.; Mercer, R.L.: A maximum likelihood approach to continuous speech recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence PAMI-5, pp. 179-190 (1983).
4. Barrett, R.: A grammar of Sipakapense Maya; PhD diss. University of Texas, Austin (1999).
5. Beckman, J.N.: Positional faithfulness; PhD diss. University of Massachusetts, Amherst (1998).
6. Beddor, P.S.; Evans-Romaine, D.: Acoustic-perceptual factors in phonological assimilations: a study of syllable-final nasals. Riv. Ling. 7: 145-174 (1995).
7. Benkí, J.R.: Evidence for phonological categories from speech perception; PhD diss. University of Massachusetts, Amherst (1998).
8. Benkí, J.R.: Place of articulation and first formant transition pattern both affect perception of voicing in English. J. Phonet. 29: 1-22 (2001).
9. Benkí, J.R.: Quantitative evaluation of lexical status, word frequency, and neighborhood density as context effects in spoken word recognition. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 113: 1689-1705 (2003).
10. Boothroyd, A.; Nittrouer, S.: Mathematical treatment of context effects in phoneme and word recognition. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 84: 101-114 (1988).
11. Chang, S.C.; Plauché, M.; Ohala, J.: Markedness and consonant confusion asymmetries; in Hume, Johnson, The role of speech perception in phonology (Academic Press, San Diego 2001).
12. Clarke, F.R.: Constant-ratio rule for confusion matrices in speech communication. J. acoust. Soc. 29: 515-520 (1957).
13. Clements, G.N.; Keyser, S.J.; CV phonology: a generative theory of the syllable (MIT Press, Cambridge 1983).
14. Cooper, F.S.; Liberman, A.M.; Delattre, P.; Gerstman, L.: Some experiments on the perception of speech sounds. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 24: 597-606 (1952).
15. Cover, T.M.; Thomas, J.A.: Elements of information theory (Wiley, New York 1991).
16. Cox, F.: Vowel change in Australian English. Phonetica 56: 1-27 (1999).
17. Crothers, J.: Typology and universals of vowel systems; in Greenberg, Ferguson, Moravcsik, Universals of human language, vol. 2: Phonology (Stanford University Press, Stanford 1978).
18. Delattre et al., 1955.
19. Delgutte, B.; Klang, N.Y.S.: Speech coding in the auditory nerve. III. Voiceless fricative consonants. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 75: 887-896 (1984a).
20. Delgutte, B.; Kiang, N.Y.S.: Speech coding in the auditory nerve. IV. Sounds with consonant-like dynamic characteristics. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 75: 897-907 (1984b).
21. Fant, G.: On the predictability of formant levels and spectrum envelopes from formant frequencies; in For Roman Jakobson (Mouton, The Hague 1956).
22. Fant, G.: Acoustic theory of speech production. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton (1960).
23. Fairbanks, G.; Grubb, P.: A psychophysical investigation of vowel formants. J. Speech Hear. Res. 4: 203-219 (1961).
24. Fletcher, H.: Speech and hearing in communication (Van Nostrand, New York 1953).
25. Fourgeron, C.; Keating, P.A.: Articulatory strengthening at edges of prosodic domains. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 101: 3728-3740 (1997).
26. French, N.R.; Carter, C.W.; Koenig, W.: The words and sounds of telephone conversations. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 9: 290-324 (1930).
27. Fujimura, O.; Macchi, M.J.; Streeter, L.A.: Perception of stop consonants with conflicting transitional cues: a cross-linguistic study. Lg. and Speech 21: 227-346 (1978).
28. Goldstein, L.: Vowel shifts and articulatory-acoustic relations; in Cohen, van den Broecke, Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., pp. 267-273 (Foris, Dordrecht 1983).
29. Gordon, M.; Heath, J.: Sex, sound symbolism, and sociolinguistics. Curr. Anthrop. 39: 421-449 (1998).
30. Greenberg, S.: The ear as a speech analyzer. J. Phonet. 16: 139-150 (1988).
31. Hajek, J.: Universals of sound change in nasalization. Publ. Philological Soc. 31 (Blackwell, Oxford 1997).
32. Hillenbrand, J.M.; Clark, M.J.; Nearey, T.M.: Effects of consonant environment on vowel formant patterns. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 109: 748-763 (2001).
33. Hillenbrand, J.M.; Getty, L.A.; Clark, M.J.; Wheeler, K.: Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 97: 3099-3111 (1995).
34. Hume, E.; Johnson, K.: A model of the interplay of speech perception and phonology; in Hume, Johnson, The role of speech perception in phonology (Academic Press, San Diego 2001).
35. Hura, S.L.; Lindblom, B.; Diehl, R.: On the role of perception in shaping phonological assimilation rules. Lang. Speech 35: 59-72 (1992).
36. Itô, J.: Syllable theory in prosodic phonology; PhD diss. University of Massachusetts, Amherst (Garland, New York 1986).
37. Jakobson, R.: Kindersprache, Aphasie und allgemeine Lautgesetze (Sprakvetenskapliga Sallskapets i Uppsala Forhandlingar 1940-1942, Almqvist and Wiksell, Uppsala 1941). Reprinted in Jakobson, Selected writings 1 (Mouton, The Hague, 1962).
38. Jakobson, R.: Kindersprache, Aphasie und allgemeine Lautgesetze (Sprakvetenskapliga Sallskapets i Uppsala Forhandlingar 1940-1942, Almqvist and Wiksell, Uppsala 1941). Reprinted in Jakobson, Selected writings 1 (Mouton, The Hague, 1962).
39. Jenison, R.L.; Greenberg, S.; Kluender, K.R.; Rhode, W.S.: A composite model of the auditory periphery for the processing of speech based on the filter response functions of single auditory-nerve fibers. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 90: 773-786 (1991).
40. Kenstowicz, M.; Kisseberth, C.: Generative phonology (Academic Press, San Diego 1979).
41. Kiang, N.Y.S.; Moxon, E.G.: Tails of tuning curves of auditory-nerve fibers. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 55: 620-630 (1974).
42. Kiang, N.Y.S.; Watanabe, T.; Thomas, E.C.; Clark, L.F.: Discharge patterns of single fibers in the cat's auditory nerve. MIT Res. Monogr. No. 35 (MIT Press, Cambridge 1965).
43. Kingston, J.: Keeping and losing contrasts. Proc. 28th Annu. Meet. Berkeley Ling. Soc., Berkeley 2002 (Berkeley Linguistics Society, Berkeley, in press).
44. Kirk, C.J.: Phonological constraints on the segmentation of continuous speech; PhD diss. University of Massachusetts, Amherst (2001).
45. Klein, W.; Plomp, R.; Pols, L.C.W.: Vowel spectra, vowel spaces, and vowel identification. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 48: 999-1009 (1970).
46. Kluender, K.R.: Effects of first formant onset properties on voicing judgments result from processes not specific to humans. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 90: 83-96 (1991).
47. Kluender, K.R.; Lotto, A.J.; Jenison, R.L.: Perception of voicing for syllable-initial stops at different intensities: does synchrony capture signal voiceless stop consonants? J. acoust. Soc. Am. 97: 2552-2567 (1995).
48. Krakow, R.: The articulatory organization of syllables: a kinematic analysis of labial and velar gestures; PhD diss. Yale University, New Haven (1989).
49. Krakow, R.: Nonsegmental influences on velum movement patterns: syllables, sentences, stress, and speaking rate; in Huffman, Krakow, Nasals, nasalization, and the velum (Phonetics and phonology V), (Academic Press, San Diego 1993).
50. Krakow, R.: Physiological organization of syllables: a review. J. Phonet. 27: 23-54 (1999).
51. Kucera, F.; Francis, W.: Computational analysis of present day American English (Brown University Press, Providence 1967.
52. Labov, W.: Principles of linguistic change, vol. I: Internal factors (Blackwell, Cambridge 1994).
53. Labov, W., Yaeger, M.; Steiner, R.: A quantitative study of sound change in progress (US Regional Study, Philadelphia 1972).
54. Lenzo, K.: t2p: Text-to-phoneme converter builder software. Retrieved from 〈http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/̃lenzo/t2p/〉 (1998).
55. Liberman, A.M.; Delattre, P.C.; Cooper, F.S.: Some cues for the distinction between voiced and voiceless stops in initial position. Lang. Speech 1: 153-167 (1958).
56. Liljencrantz, J.; Lindblom, B.: Numerical simulation of vowel quality systems: the role of perceptual contrast. Language 48: 839-862 (1972).
57. Lindblom, B.: Spectrographic study of vowel reduction. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 35: 1773-1781 (1963).
58. Lindblom, B.: Experiments in sound structure. Plenary address, 8th Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., Leeds 1975. Rev. Phonét. appl. 51: 154-189 (1979).
59. Lindblom, B.: Phonetic universals in vowel systems; in Ohala, Jaeger, Experimental phonology (Academic Press, New York 1986).
60. Lindblom, B.; Guion, S.; Hura, S.; Moon, S.-J.; Willerman, R.: Is sound change adaptive? Riv. Ling. 7: 5-37 (1995).
61. Lippmann, R.P.: Speech recognition by machines and humans. Speech Commun. 22: 1-15 (1997).
62. Lisker, L.: Closure duration and the intervocalic voiced-voiceless distinction in English. Language 33: 42-49 (1957).
63. Lisker, L.; Abramson, A.S.: A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: acoustical measurements. Word 20: 384-422 (1964).
64. Lombardi, L.: Why place and voice are different: constraint-specific alternations in optimality theory; in Lombardi, Segmental phonology in optimality theory: constraints and representations (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2001).
65. Lotto, A.J., Kluender, K.R.: Synchrony capture hypothesis fails to account for effects of amplitude on voicing perception. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 111: 1056-1062 (2002).
66. Luce, P.A.; Pisoni, D.B.: Recognizing spoken words: the neighborhood activation model. Ear Hear. 19: 1-36 (1998).
67. Macmillan, N.A.; Creelman, C.D.: Detection theory: a user's guide (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1991).
68. Manuel, S.Y.: Some phonetic bases for the relative malleability of syllable-final versus syllable-initial consonants. Proc. 12th Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., vol. 5, pp. 118-121 (University of Provence, Aix-en-Provence 1991).
69. Miller, G.A.; Heise, G.A.; Lichten, W.: The intelligibility of speech as a function of the context of the test material. J. exp. Psychol. 41: 329-335 (1951).
70. Miller, G.A.; Niceley, P.E.: An analysis of perceptual confusions among some English consonants. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 27: 338-352 (1955).
71. Miller, J.L.: Nonindependence of feature processing in initial consonants. J. Speech Hear. Res. 20: 519-528 (1977).
72. Nearey, T.N.: The segment as a unit of speech perception. J. Phonet. 18: 347-373 (1990).
73. Nearey, T.N.: Speech perception as pattern recognition. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 101: 3241-3254 (1997).
74. Newman, S.: Yokuts language of California. Viking Fund Publ. Anthrop. vol. 2 (New York 1944).
75. Nooteboom, S.: Perceptual confusions among Dutch vowels presented in noise. IPO Annu. Progr. Rep., vol. 3, pp. 68-71 (Instituut voor Perceptie Onderzoek, Eindhoven 1968).
76. Nusbaum, H.C.; Pisoni, D.B.; Davis, C.K.: Sizing up the Hoosier mental lexicon: measuring the familiarity of 20,000 words. Research on Speech Perception Progress Report, No. 10 (Speech Research Laboratory, Psychology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington 1984).
77. Ohala, J.: The listener as a source of sound change. Papers from the parasession on language and behavior (Chicago Linguistics Society, Chicago 1981).
78. Ohala, J.J.: Alternatives to the sonority hierarchy for explaining segmental sequential constraints. Papers from the regional meetings, vol. 2, pp. 319-338 (Chicago Linguistic Society, Chicago 1990).
79. Ohala, J.J.; Kawasaki, H.: Prosodic phonology and phonetics. Phon. Yb. 1: 113-127 (1984).
80. Paradis, C.; Prunet, J.-F.: The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence (Academic Press, New York 1991).
81. Peterson, G.E.; Barney, H.L.: Control methods used in a study of the vowels. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 24: 175-184 (1952).
82. Pickett, J.M.: Perception of vowels heard in noises of various spectra. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 29: 613-620 (1957).
83. Plauché, M.C.: Acoustic cues in the directionality of stop consonant confusions; PhD diss. University of California, Berkeley (2001).
84. Plauché, M.; Delogu, C.; Ohala, J.: Asymmetries in consonant confusion. Proc. Eurospeech '97: 5th Eur. Conf. on Speech Commun. Technol., vol. 4, pp. 2187-2190 (1997).
85. Prince, A.; Smolensly, P.: Optimality theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar (Rutgers University, New Brunswick and University of Colorado, Boulder, unpublished manuscript, 1993).
86. Recasens, D.: Coarticulatory patterns and degrees of coarticulatory resistance in Catalan CV sequences. Lang. Speech 28: 97-114 (1985).
87. Recasens, D.: An electropalatographic and acoustic study of consonant-to-vowel coarticulation. J. Phonet. 19: 177-192 (1991).
88. Recasens, D.: Lingual coarticulation; in Hardcastle, Hewlett, Coarticulation: theory, data and techniques (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999).
89. Repp, B.H.: Perceptual integration and differentiation of spectral information of spectral cue for intervocalic stop consonants. Percept. Psychophys. 24: 471-485 (1978).
90. Repp, B.H.: Bidirectional context effects in the perception of VC-CV sequences. Percept. Psychophys. 33: 147-155 (1983).
91. Savin, H.: Word-frequency effects and errors in the perception of speech. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 35: 200-206 (1963).
92. Schroeder, M.R.: Reference signal for signal quality studies. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 44: 1735-1736 (1968).
93. Shannon, C.E.: A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst. tech. J. 27: 379-423, 623-656 (1948).
94. Sinex, D.G.: Auditory nerve fiber representation of cues to voicing in syllable-final stop contexts. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 90: 2441-2449 (1995).
95. Sinex, D.G.; Geisler, C.D.: Responses of auditory-nerve fibers to consonant-vowel syllables. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 73: 602-615 (1983).
96. Smith, R.L.: Adaptation, saturation and physiological masking in single auditory-nerve fibers. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 65: 166-178 (1979).
97. Smits, R.: Temporal distribution of information for human consonant recognition VCV utterances. J. Phonet. 28: 111-135 (2000).
98. Sommers, M.S.; Kirk, K.I.; Pisoni, D.B.: Some considerations in evaluating spoken word recognition by normal-hearing, noise-masked normal-hearing, and cochlear implant listeners. I: The effects of response format. Ear Hear. 18: 89-99 (1997).
99. Son, R.J.J.H. van; Pols, L.C.W.: Perisegmental speech improves consonant and vowel identification. Speech Commun. 29: 1-22 (1999).
100. Steele, R.D.: The segmental phonology of contemporary standard Polish; PhD diss. Harvard University (1973).
101. Steiber, Z.: A historical phonology of the Polish language (Winter Universitätsverlag, Heidelberg 1973).
102. Stemberger, J.P.: Vocalic underspecification in English language production. Language 68: 492-524 (1992).
103. Steriade, D.: Directional asymmetries in assimilation: a directional account; in Hume, Johnson, The role of speech perception in phonology (Academic Press, San Diego 2001).
104. Steriade, D.: Phonetics in phonology: the case of laryngeal neutralization (University of California, Los Angeles, unpublished manuscript; 〈http://web.mit.edu/linguistics/www/steriade.home.html〉, 1997).
105. Stevens, K.N.: On the quantal nature of speech. J. Phonet. 17: 3-45 (1989).
106. Stevens, K.N.; Blumstein, S.E.: The search for invariant acoustic correlates of phonetic features; in Eimas, Miller, Perspectives on the study of speech (Erlbaum, Hillsdale 1981).
107. Stevens, K.M.; House, A.S.: Perturbations of vowel articulations by consonantal context: an acoustical study. J. Speech Hear. Res. 6: 111-128 (1963).
108. Sweet, H.: History of English sounds (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1888).
109. Wang, M.D.; Bilger, R.C.: Consonant confusions in noise: a study of perceptual features. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 54: 1248-1266 (1973).
110. Whalen, D.W.: Vowel and consonant judgments are not independent when cued by the same information. Percept. Psychophys. 46: 284-292 (1989).
111. Wright, R.: Perceptual cues in contrast maintenance; in Hume, Johnson, The role of speech perception in phonology (Academic Press, San Diego 2001).
112. Young, E.D.; Sachs, M.B.: Representation of steady-state vowels in the temporal aspects of the discharge patterns of the populations of auditory-nerve fibers. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 66: 1381-1403 (1979).