A virtual presence counter

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 413-434

  Slater, Mel ^a   Steed, Anthony ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039623185     PISSN: 10547460     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/105474600566925     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Barfield, W., & Weghorst, S. (1993). The sense of presence within virtual environments: A conceptual framework. In G. Salvendy and M. Smith (Eds.), Human Computer Interaction: Software and Hardware Interfaces (pp. 699-704). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
2. Bystrom, K.-E., Barfield, W., & Hendrix, C. (1999). A conceptual model of the sense of presence in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 8(2), 241-244.
3. Draper, J. V., Kaber, D. B., & Usher, J. M. (1998). Telepresence. Human Factors, 40(3), 354-375.
4. Ellis, S. R. (1996). Presence of mind: A reaction to Thomas Sheridan's "Further musings on the psychophysics of presence." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(2), 247-259.
5. Flach, J. M., & Holden, J. G. (1998). The reality of experience: Gibson's way. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7(1), 90-95.
6. Freeman, J., Avons, S. E., Pearson, D. E., & IJsselstijn, W. A. (1999). Effects of sensory information and prior experience on direct subjective ratings of presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 8(1), 1-13.
7. Gilkey, R. H., & Weisenberger, J. M. (1995). The sense of presence for the suddenly deafened adult. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(4), 357-363.
8. Girgus, J. J., Rock, I., & Egatz, R. (1977). The effect of knowledge of reversibility on the reversibility of ambiguous figures. Perception and Psychophysics, 22(6), 550-556.
9. Grant, S. C., & Magee, L. E. (1998). Contributions of proprioception to navigation in virtual environments. Human Factors, 40(3), 489-497.
10. Held, R. M., & Durlach, N. I. (1992). Telepresence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1, 109-112.
11. Hendrix, C., & Barfield, W. (1996a). Presence within virtual environments as a function of visual display parameters. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(3), 274-289.
12. _. (1996b). The sense of presence within auditory environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(3), 290-301.
13. Karlin, S. (1969). A First Course in Stochastic Processes. New York: Academic Press.
14. Kohler, W. ( 1959). Gestalt Psychology: An Introduction to New Concepts in Modern Psychology. New York: Liverright.
15. McGreevy, M. W. (1993). The presence of field geologists in a Mars-like terrain. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1(4), 375-403.
16. Mine, M. R., Brooks, F. P., Jr., & Sequin, C. (1997). Moving objects in space: Exploiting proprioception in virtual-environment interaction. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH) Proceedings, 19-26.
17. Pausch, R., Proffit, D., & Williams, G. (1997). Quantifying immersion in virtual reality. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH) Annual Conference Series, 13-18.
18. Perls, F. S., Hefferline, R. F., & Goodman, P. (1969). Gestalt Therapy: Excitement and Growth in the Human Personality. New York: Julian Press.
19. Prothero, J., Parker, D., Furness, T., & Wells, M. (1995). Towards a robust, quantitative measure of presence. Proceedings of the Conference on Experimental Analysis and Measurement of Situational Awareness, (pp. 359-366). Daytona Beach, FL: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Press.
20. Schloerb, D. (1995). A quantitative measure of telepresence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(1), 64-80.
21. Sheridan, T. B. (1992). Musings on telepresence and virtual presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1, 120-126.
22. _. (1996). Further musings on the psychophysics of presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(2), 241-246.
23. Slater, M. (1999). Measuring presence: A response to the Witmer and Singer presence questionnaire. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 8(5), 560-565.
24. Slater, M., Steed, A., & Usoh, M. (1993). The virtual treadmill: A naturalistic method for navigation in immersive virtual environments. In Martin Goebel (Ed.), First Eurographics Workshop on Virtual Environments (pp. 71-83). Polytechnical University of Catalonia.
25. Slater, M., Usoh, M., & Steed, A. (1994). Depth of presence in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 3(2), 130-144.
26. _. (1995). Taking steps: The influence of a walking metaphor on presence in virtual reality. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 2(3), 201-219.
27. Slater, M., Usoh, M., & Chrysanthou, Y. (1995). The Influence of Dynamic Shadows on Presence in Immersive Virtual Environments, Second Eurographics Workshop on Virtual Reality, M. Goebel, ed., Monte Carlo, Jan., 1995.
28. Slater, M., & Wilbur, S. (1997). A framework for immersive virtual environments (FIVE): Speculations on the role of presence in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(6), 603-616.
29. Slater, M., Steed, A., McCarthy, J., & Maringelli, F. (1998). The influence of body movement on subjective presence in virtual environments. Human Factors, 40(3), 469-477.
30. Snow, M. P., & Williges, R. C. (1998). Empirical models based on free-modulus magnitude estimation of perceived presence in virtual environments. Human Factors, 40(3), 386-402.
31. Usoh, M., Arthur K., Whitton, M., Bastos, R., Steed, A., Slater, M., & Brooks, F. (1999). Walking > Walking-in-place > Flying in virtual environments. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH), Annual Conference Series, 359-364.
32. Welch, R. B. (1997). The presence of aftereffects: Advances in Human Factors/Ergonomics, 21A, In G. Salvendy, M. J. Smith, & R. J. Koubek (Eds.), Design of Computing Systems: Cognitive Considerations, (pp. 273-276). Elsevier: Amsterdam.
33. Welch, R. B., Blackman, T. T., Liu, A., Mellers, B. A., & Stark, L. W. (1996). The effects of pictorial realism, delay of visual feedback, and observer interactivity on the subjective sense of presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(3), 263-273.
34. Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998). Measuring presence in virtual environments: A presence questionnaire. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7(3), 225-240.
35. Zahoric, P., & Jenison, R. L. (1998). Presence and being-in-the-world. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7(1), 78-89.