메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 62-73

Angiotensin II receptor blockers and cardiovascular outcomes: What does the future hold?

Author keywords

ACE inhibitor; Angiotensin II receptor blocker; Cardiovascular protection; Outcome trials; Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALBUMIN; AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CANDESARTAN HEXETIL; CAPTOPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; EPROSARTAN; IRBESARTAN; LOSARTAN; METOPROLOL; NATEGLINIDE; OLMESARTAN; PLACEBO; RAMIPRIL; TELMISARTAN; VALSARTAN;

EID: 0038827402     PISSN: 14703203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2003.015     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 0038460302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
    • Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
    • Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA 2003;289:2560-71.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2560-2571
  • 2
    • 0030711095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of kinins in the antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of ACE inhibitors
    • Bonner G. The role of kinins in the antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of ACE inhibitors. Drugs 1997;54:23-30.
    • (1997) Drugs , vol.54 , pp. 23-30
    • Bonner, G.1
  • 3
    • 0026762669 scopus 로고
    • Cough and angioneurotic edema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy.A review of the literature and pathophysiology
    • Israili ZH, Hall WD. Cough and angioneurotic edema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy.A review of the literature and pathophysiology. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:234-42.
    • (1992) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.117 , pp. 234-242
    • Israili, Z.H.1    Hall, W.D.2
  • 4
    • 0034182445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic implications of escape from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Ennezat PV, Berlowitz M, Sonnenblick EH, Le Jemtel TH. Therapeutic implications of escape from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic heart failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 2000;2:258-62.
    • (2000) Curr. Cardiol. Rep. , vol.2 , pp. 258-262
    • Ennezat, P.V.1    Berlowitz, M.2    Sonnenblick, E.H.3    Le Jemtel, T.H.4
  • 5
    • 0029932496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losartan potassium: A review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of hypertension
    • Goa KL, Wagstaff AJ. Losartan potassium: a review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of hypertension. Drugs 1996;51:820-45.
    • (1996) Drugs , vol.51 , pp. 820-845
    • Goa, K.L.1    Wagstaff, A.J.2
  • 6
    • 0031757056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan cilexetil. A review of its use in essential hypertension
    • McClellan KJ, Goa KL. Candesartan cilexetil. A review of its use in essential hypertension. Drugs 1998;56:847-69.
    • (1998) Drugs , vol.56 , pp. 847-869
    • McClellan, K.J.1    Goa, K.L.2
  • 7
    • 0030750293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valsartan. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in essential hypertension
    • Markham A, Goa KL. Valsartan. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in essential hypertension. Drugs 1997;54:299-311.
    • (1997) Drugs , vol.54 , pp. 299-311
    • Markham, A.1    Goa, K.L.2
  • 8
    • 0034874986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telmisartan: A review of its use in hypertension
    • Sharpe M, Jarvis B, Goa KL. Telmisartan: a review of its use in hypertension. Drugs 2001;61:1501-29.
    • (2001) Drugs , vol.61 , pp. 1501-1529
    • Sharpe, M.1    Jarvis, B.2    Goa, K.L.3
  • 10
    • 0037224486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olmesartan medoxomil: The seventh angiotensin receptor antagonist
    • Gardner SF, Franks AM. Olmesartan medoxomil: the seventh angiotensin receptor antagonist. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37:99-105.
    • (2003) Ann. Pharmacother. , vol.37 , pp. 99-105
    • Gardner, S.F.1    Franks, A.M.2
  • 11
    • 0030694110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irbesartan. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of hypertension
    • Gillis JC, Markham A. Irbesartan. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of hypertension. Drugs 1997;54:885-902.
    • (1997) Drugs , vol.54 , pp. 885-902
    • Gillis, J.C.1    Markham, A.2
  • 12
    • 0034631883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor blockers: Equal or preferred substitutes for ACE inhibitors?
    • Grossman E, Messerli FH, Neutel JM. Angiotensin II receptor blockers: equal or preferred substitutes for ACE inhibitors? Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1905-11.
    • (2000) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.160 , pp. 1905-1911
    • Grossman, E.1    Messerli, F.H.2    Neutel, J.M.3
  • 13
    • 0031765704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibitor- versus angiotensin II blocker-induced cough and angioedema
    • Pylypchuk GB. ACE inhibitor- versus angiotensin II blocker-induced cough and angioedema. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:1060-6.
    • (1998) Ann. Pharmacother. , vol.32 , pp. 1060-1066
    • Pylypchuk, G.B.1
  • 14
    • 0030872646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) in hypertension study: Rationale, design, and methods
    • Dahlöf B, Devereux R, de Faire U et al. The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) in hypertension study: rationale, design, and methods. Am J Hypertens 1997;10:705-13.
    • (1997) Am. J. Hypertens. , vol.10 , pp. 705-713
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Devereux, R.2    de Faire, U.3
  • 15
    • 0034119826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): Baseline characteristics
    • Hansson L, Lithell H, Skoog I et al. Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): baseline characteristics. Blood Press 2000;9:146-51.
    • (2000) Blood Press , vol.9 , pp. 146-151
    • Hansson, L.1    Lithell, H.2    Skoog, I.3
  • 16
    • 0032720579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE)
    • Hansson L, Lithell H, Skoog I et al. Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Blood Press 1999;8:177-83.
    • (1999) Blood Press , vol.8 , pp. 177-183
    • Hansson, L.1    Lithell, H.2    Skoog, I.3
  • 17
    • 0031690680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial of cardiovascular events in hypertension. Rationale and design
    • Mann J, Julius S. The Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial of cardiovascular events in hypertension. Rationale and design. Blood Press 1998;7:176-83.
    • (1998) Blood Press , vol.7 , pp. 176-183
    • Mann, J.1    Julius, S.2
  • 18
    • 0028845246 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor antagonists in heart failure: Rationale and design of the evaluation of losartan in the elderly (ELITE) trial
    • Pitt B, Chang P, Timmermans PBMWM. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists in heart failure: rationale and design of the evaluation of losartan in the elderly (ELITE) trial. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1995;9:693-700.
    • (1995) Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. , vol.9 , pp. 693-700
    • Pitt, B.1    Chang, P.2    Timmermans, P.B.M.W.M.3
  • 19
    • 0030902115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure
    • Pitt B, Segal R, Martinez FA et al. Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure. Lancet 1997;349:747-52.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 747-752
    • Pitt, B.1    Segal, R.2    Martinez, F.A.3
  • 20
    • 13044312091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of losartan versus captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of patients in the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study - ELITE II
    • Pitt B, Poole-Wilson P, Segal R et al. Effects of losartan versus captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of patients in the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study - ELITE II. J Card Fail 1999;5:146-54.
    • (1999) J. Card. Fail , vol.5 , pp. 146-154
    • Pitt, B.1    Poole-Wilson, P.2    Segal, R.3
  • 21
    • 0034612118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: Randomised trial - The Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II
    • Pitt B, Poole-Wilson P, Segal R et al. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial - the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet 2000;355:1582-7.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1582-1587
    • Pitt, B.1    Poole-Wilson, P.2    Segal, R.3
  • 22
    • 0032995724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale and design of the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial: A large multinational trial to assess the effects of valsartan, an angiotensin-receptor blocker, on morbidity and mortality in chronic congestive heart failure
    • Cohn JN, Tognoni G, Glazer RD, Spormann D, Hester A. Rationale and design of the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial: a large multinational trial to assess the effects of valsartan, an angiotensin-receptor blocker, on morbidity and mortality in chronic congestive heart failure. J Card Fail 1999;5:155-60.
    • (1999) J. Card. Fail. , vol.5 , pp. 155-160
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Tognoni, G.2    Glazer, R.D.3    Spormann, D.4    Hester, A.5
  • 23
    • 0034535686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline demographics of the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial
    • for the Val-HeFT Investigators
    • Cohn JN, Tognoni G, Glazer R, Spormann D, for the Val-HeFT Investigators. Baseline demographics of the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2000;2:439-46.
    • (2000) Eur. J. Heart Fail , vol.2 , pp. 439-446
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Tognoni, G.2    Glazer, R.3    Spormann, D.4
  • 24
    • 0035818884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure
    • for the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial Investigators
    • Cohn JN, Tognoni G, for the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial Investigators. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1667-75.
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 1667-1675
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Tognoni, G.2
  • 25
    • 6844252262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination neurohormonal blockade with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists and beta-blockers in patients with congestive heart failure: Design of the Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) Pilot Study
    • Tsuyuki RT, Yusuf S, Rouleau JL et al. Combination neurohormonal blockade with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists and beta-blockers in patients with congestive heart failure: design of the Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) Pilot Study. Can J Cardiol 1997;13:1166-74.
    • (1997) Can. J. Cardiol. , vol.13 , pp. 1166-1174
    • Tsuyuki, R.T.1    Yusuf, S.2    Rouleau, J.L.3
  • 26
    • 0032834737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan in heart failure - Assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM): Rationale and design
    • Swedberg K, Pfeffer M, Granger C et al. Candesartan in heart failure - assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM): rationale and design. J Card Fail 1999;5:276-82.
    • (1999) J. Card. Fail , vol.5 , pp. 276-282
    • Swedberg, K.1    Pfeffer, M.2    Granger, C.3
  • 27
    • 0034585310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The losartan renal protection study - Rationale, study design and baseline characteristics of RENAAL (Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan)
    • Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D et al. The losartan renal protection study - rationale, study design and baseline characteristics of RENAAL (Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan). JRAAS 2000; 1:328-35.
    • (2000) JRAAS , vol.1 , pp. 328-335
    • Brenner, B.M.1    Cooper, M.E.2    de Zeeuw, D.3
  • 28
    • 0035922441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
    • Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001;345:861-9.
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 861-869
    • Brenner, B.M.1    Cooper, M.E.2    de Zeeuw, D.3
  • 29
    • 0035922444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Parving HH, Lehnert H, Bröchner-Mortensen J et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:870-8.
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 870-878
    • Parving, H.H.1    Lehnert, H.2    Bröchner-Mortensen, J.3
  • 30
    • 0034117953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Irbesartan Type II Diabetic Nephropathy Trial: Study design and baseline patient characteristics
    • Rodby RA, Rohde RD, Clarke WR et al.The Irbesartan Type II Diabetic Nephropathy Trial: study design and baseline patient characteristics. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000;15:487-97.
    • (2000) Nephrol. Dial Transplant. , vol.15 , pp. 487-497
    • Rodby, R.A.1    Rohde, R.D.2    Clarke, W.R.3
  • 31
    • 0035922447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes
    • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001;345:851-60.
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 851-860
    • Lewis, E.J.1    Hunsicker, L.G.2    Clarke, W.R.3
  • 32
    • 0034912836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II subtype receptor blockers and renal function
    • Toto R. Angiotensin II subtype receptor blockers and renal function. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:1492-9.
    • (2001) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.161 , pp. 1492-1499
    • Toto, R.1
  • 33
    • 0036100774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale and design of diabetics exposed to telmisartan and enalapril (DETAIL) study
    • Rippin J, Bain SC, Barnett AH. Rationale and design of diabetics exposed to telmisartan and enalapril (DETAIL) study. J Diabetes Complications 2002;16:195-200.
    • (2002) J. Diabetes Complications , vol.16 , pp. 195-200
    • Rippin, J.1    Bain, S.C.2    Barnett, A.H.3
  • 34
    • 0033557542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of losartan and captopril on mortality in patients after acute myocardial infarction: The OPTIMAAL trial design
    • for the OPTIMAAL Study Group
    • Dickstein K, Kjekshus J, for the OPTIMAAL Study Group. Comparison of the effects of losartan and captopril on mortality in patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL trial design. Am J Cardiol 1999;83:477-81.
    • (1999) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.83 , pp. 477-481
    • Dickstein, K.1    Kjekshus, J.2
  • 35
    • 0033765858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valsartan in acute myocardial infarction trial (VALIANT): Rationale and design
    • Pfeffer MA, McMurray J, Leizorovicz A et al. Valsartan in acute myocardial infarction trial (VALIANT): rationale and design. Am Heart J 2000;140:727-50.
    • (2000) Am. Heart J. , vol.140 , pp. 727-750
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    McMurray, J.2    Leizorovicz, A.3
  • 36
    • 0033987657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing cardiac protection after myocardial infarction: Rationale for newer clinical trials of angiotensin receptor blockers
    • Pfeffer MA. Enhancing cardiac protection after myocardial infarction: rationale for newer clinical trials of angiotensin receptor blockers. Am Heart J 2000;139(1 Pt 2):S23-S28.
    • (2000) Am. Heart J. , vol.139 , Issue.1 PART 2
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1
  • 37
    • 0037165243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From HOPE to the ONTARGET and the TRANSCEND studies: Challenges in improving prognosis
    • Yusuf S. From HOPE to the ONTARGET and the TRANSCEND studies: challenges in improving prognosis. Am J Cardiol 2002;89:18A-25A.
    • (2002) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.89
    • Yusuf, S.1
  • 38
    • 0026323462 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular hypertrophy as a risk factor: The Framingham experience
    • Kannel WB. Left ventricular hypertrophy as a risk factor: the Framingham experience. J Hypertens 1991;9(suppl 2):S3-S8.
    • (1991) J. Hypertens. , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Kannel, W.B.1
  • 40
    • 0032420783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of 9194 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE study
    • Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Julius S et al. Characteristics of 9194 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.The LIFE study. Hypertension 1998;32:989-97.
    • (1998) Hypertension , vol.32 , pp. 989-997
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Julius, S.3
  • 41
    • 0037160968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol
    • Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 995-1003
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3
  • 42
    • 0034951097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and vascular risk factors in the cognitively impaired elderly: Implications for Alzheimer's dementia
    • Polidori MC, Marvardi M, Cherubini A, Senin U, Mecocci P. Heart disease and vascular risk factors in the cognitively impaired elderly: implications for Alzheimer's dementia. Aging (Milano) 2001;13:231-9.
    • (2001) Aging (Milano) , vol.13 , pp. 231-239
    • Polidori, M.C.1    Marvardi, M.2    Cherubini, A.3    Senin, U.4    Mecocci, P.5
  • 43
    • 0035931293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, cognitive functions, and prevention of dementias in older patients with hypertension
    • Birkenhager WH, Forette F, Seux ML, Wang JG, Staessen JA. Blood pressure, cognitive functions, and prevention of dementias in older patients with hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:152-6.
    • (2001) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.161 , pp. 152-156
    • Birkenhager, W.H.1    Forette, F.2    Seux, M.L.3    Wang, J.G.4    Staessen, J.A.5
  • 44
    • 0027483979 scopus 로고
    • The effects of blood pressure reduction in older patients: An overview of five randomized controlled trials in elderly hypertensives
    • MacMahon S, Rodgers A. The effects of blood pressure reduction in older patients: an overview of five randomized controlled trials in elderly hypertensives. Clin Exp Hypertens 1993;15:967-78.
    • (1993) Clin. Exp. Hypertens. , vol.15 , pp. 967-978
    • MacMahon, S.1    Rodgers, A.2
  • 45
    • 0023266532 scopus 로고
    • Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)
    • The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group
    • The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med 1987;316:1429-35.
    • (1987) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.316 , pp. 1429-1435
  • 46
    • 0025913812 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure
    • The SOLVD Investigators
    • The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293-302.
    • (1991) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.325 , pp. 293-302
  • 47
    • 0026785561 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions
    • The SOLVD Investigators
    • The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992;327:685-91.
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.327 , pp. 685-691
  • 48
    • 0033533456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure: Randomized evaluation of strategies for left ventricular dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study
    • McKelvie RS, Yusuf S, Pericak D et al. Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure: randomized evaluation of strategies for left ventricular dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study. Circulation 1999; 100:1056-64.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 1056-1064
    • McKelvie, R.S.1    Yusuf, S.2    Pericak, D.3
  • 49
    • 0032511580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998;317:703-13.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 703-713
  • 50
    • 0027517659 scopus 로고
    • The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy
    • The Collaborative Study Group
    • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, Rohde RD, The Collaborative Study Group. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:1456-62.
    • (1993) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.329 , pp. 1456-1462
    • Lewis, E.J.1    Hunsicker, L.G.2    Bain, R.P.3    Rohde, R.D.4
  • 51
    • 0035901585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal insufficiency as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril: The HOPE randomized trial
    • Mann JF, Gerstein HC, Pogue J, Bosch J, Yusuf S. Renal insufficiency as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril: the HOPE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2001;134:629-36.
    • (2001) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.134 , pp. 629-636
    • Mann, J.F.1    Gerstein, H.C.2    Pogue, J.3    Bosch, J.4    Yusuf, S.5
  • 52
    • 0034700790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: Results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy
    • Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators
    • Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000;355:253-9.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 253-259
  • 53
    • 0029857846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in NIDDM (ABCD) Trial
    • Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Jeffers B. Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in NIDDM (ABCD) Trial. Diabetologia 1996;39:1646-54.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 1646-1654
    • Schrier, R.W.1    Estacio, R.O.2    Jeffers, B.3
  • 54
    • 0032485350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension
    • Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, Hiatt WR, Biggerstaff SL, Gifford N, Schrier RW. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1998;338:645-52.
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.338 , pp. 645-652
    • Estacio, R.O.1    Jeffers, B.W.2    Hiatt, W.R.3    Biggerstaff, S.L.4    Gifford, N.5    Schrier, R.W.6
  • 55
    • 0029917456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study: The design of a large, simple randomized trial of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ramipril) and vitamin E in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events
    • The HOPE Study Investigators. The HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation)
    • The HOPE Study Investigators. The HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) Study: the design of a large, simple randomized trial of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ramipril) and vitamin E in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. Can J Cardiol 1996;12:127-37.
    • (1996) Can. J. Cardiol. , vol.12 , pp. 127-137
  • 56
    • 0034688194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients
    • The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators
    • The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000;342:145-53.
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 145-153
  • 57
    • 0035979343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ramipril on coronary events in high-risk persons: Results of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study
    • Dagenais GR, Yusuf S, Bourassa MG et al. Effects of ramipril on coronary events in high-risk persons: results of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study. Circulation 2001; 104:522-6.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 522-526
    • Dagenais, G.R.1    Yusuf, S.2    Bourassa, M.G.3
  • 58
  • 59
    • 0031831020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does blockade of angiotensin II receptors offer clinical benefits over inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme?
    • de Gasparo M, Levens N. Does blockade of angiotensin II receptors offer clinical benefits over inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme? Pharmacol Toxicol 1998;82:257-71.
    • (1998) Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.82 , pp. 257-271
    • de Gasparo, M.1    Levens, N.2
  • 60
    • 0027218706 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characterization of the novel nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, BIBR 277
    • Wienen W, Hauel N, van Meel JC, Narr B, Ries U, Entzeroth M. Pharmacological characterization of the novel nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, BIBR 277. Br J Pharmacol 1993;110:245-52.
    • (1993) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.110 , pp. 245-252
    • Wienen, W.1    Hauel, N.2    van Meel, J.C.3    Narr, B.4    Ries, U.5    Entzeroth, M.6
  • 61
    • 0031660677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose response and antihypertensive efficacy of the AT1 receptor antagonist telmisartan in patients with mild to moderate hypertension
    • Neutel JM, Smith DHG. Dose response and antihypertensive efficacy of the AT1 receptor antagonist telmisartan in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Adv Ther 1998;15:206-17.
    • (1998) Adv. Ther. , vol.15 , pp. 206-217
    • Neutel, J.M.1    Smith, D.H.G.2
  • 62
    • 0032423365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the efficacy and duration of action of the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan to amlodipine
    • Lacourcière Y, Lenis J, Orchard R et al.A comparison of the efficacy and duration of action of the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan to amlodipine. Blood Press Monit 1998;3:295-302.
    • (1998) Blood Press Monit. , vol.3 , pp. 295-302
    • Lacourcière, Y.1    Lenis, J.2    Orchard, R.3
  • 63
    • 0032970904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of telmisartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, compared with enalapril in elderly patients with primary hypertension
    • for the TEES Study Group
    • Karlberg BE, Lins L-E, Hermansson K, for the TEES Study Group. Efficacy and safety of telmisartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, compared with enalapril in elderly patients with primary hypertension. J Hypertens 1999;17:293-302.
    • (1999) J. Hypertens. , vol.17 , pp. 293-302
    • Karlberg, B.E.1    Lins, L.-E.2    Hermansson, K.3
  • 64
    • 0344289511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ABPM comparison of the antihypertensive profiles of the selective angiotensin II receptor antagonists telmisartan and losartan in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension
    • the Telmisartan Blood Pressure Monitoring Group
    • Mallion JM, Sichè JP, Lacourcière Y, the Telmisartan Blood Pressure Monitoring Group. ABPM comparison of the antihypertensive profiles of the selective angiotensin II receptor antagonists telmisartan and losartan in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13: 657-64.
    • (1999) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.13 , pp. 657-664
    • Mallion, J.M.1    Sichè, J.P.2    Lacourcière, Y.3
  • 65
    • 0033784560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing telmisartan 80 mg and valsartan 80 mg in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
    • Littlejohn T, Mroczek W, Marbury T, VanderMaelen CP, Dubiel RF.A prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing telmisartan 80 mg and valsartan 80 mg in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Can J Cardiol 2000;16:1123-32.
    • (2000) Can. J. Cardiol. , vol.16 , pp. 1123-1132
    • Littlejohn, T.1    Mroczek, W.2    Marbury, T.3    VanderMaelen, C.P.4    Dubiel, R.F.5
  • 66
    • 0038033537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of telmisartan monotherapy with losartan + HCTZ in mild-to-moderate hypertension
    • [abstract]
    • Neutel JM, Kolloch RE, Plouin PF. Comparison of telmisartan monotherapy with losartan + HCTZ in mild-to-moderate hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2000;13:58A-9A [abstract].
    • (2000) Am. J. Hypertens. , vol.13
    • Neutel, J.M.1    Kolloch, R.E.2    Plouin, P.F.3
  • 67
    • 0034951775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk and therapeutic intervention for the early morning surge in blood pressure and heart rate
    • White WB. Cardiovascular risk and therapeutic intervention for the early morning surge in blood pressure and heart rate. Blood Press Monit 2001;6:63-72.
    • (2001) Blood Press. Monit. , vol.6 , pp. 63-72
    • White, W.B.1
  • 68
    • 0031694644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-daily telmisartan compared with enalapril in the treatment of hypertension
    • Smith DHG, Neutel JM, Morgenstern P. Once-daily telmisartan compared with enalapril in the treatment of hypertension. Adv Ther 1998;15:229-40.
    • (1998) Adv. Ther. , vol.15 , pp. 229-240
    • Smith, D.H.G.1    Neutel, J.M.2    Morgenstern, P.3
  • 69
    • 0032994748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of cough: A comparison of lisinopril, placebo and telmisartan, a novel angiotensin II antagonist
    • the Telmisartan Cough Study Group
    • Lacourcière Y, the Telmisartan Cough Study Group. The incidence of cough: a comparison of lisinopril, placebo and telmisartan, a novel angiotensin II antagonist. Int J Clin Pract 1999;53:99-103.
    • (1999) Int. J. Clin. Pract. , vol.53 , pp. 99-103
    • Lacourcière, Y.1
  • 70
    • 0033069767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1999 World Health Organization - International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension
    • Guidelines Subcommittee
    • Guidelines Subcommittee. 1999 World Health Organization - International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. J Hypertens 1999;17:151-83.
    • (1999) J. Hypertens. , vol.17 , pp. 151-183


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.