메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 176-183

The Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial of cardiovascular events in hypertension. Rationale and design

Author keywords

Amlodipine; Angiotensin II antagonist; Angiotensin receptor blocker; Cardiovascular; Cardiovascular risk; Hypertension; Intervention; Mortality morbidity; Valsartan

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN; VALSARTAN;

EID: 0031690680     PISSN: 08037051     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/080370598437394     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (154)

References (55)
  • 2
    • 0027370457 scopus 로고
    • 1993 Guidelines for the management of mild hypertension: Memorandum from a WHO/ISH meeting
    • 1993 Guidelines for the management of mild hypertension: Memorandum from a WHO/ISH meeting. Bull WHO 1993; 71: 503-17.
    • (1993) Bull WHO , vol.71 , pp. 503-517
  • 3
    • 0029024577 scopus 로고
    • Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult US population. Data from the Health examination surveys, 1960 to 1991
    • Burt VL, Cutler JA, Higgins M, et al. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult US population. Data from the Health examination surveys, 1960 to 1991. Hypertension 1995; 26: 60-9.
    • (1995) Hypertension , vol.26 , pp. 60-69
    • Burt, V.L.1    Cutler, J.A.2    Higgins, M.3
  • 4
    • 0025347391 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2 - Short-term reductions in blood pressure: Overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context
    • Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2 - short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990; 335: 827-38.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 827-838
    • Collins, R.1    Peto, R.2    MacMahon, S.3
  • 5
    • 0014952910 scopus 로고
    • Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. II. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 114 mmHg
    • Veterans' Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. II. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 114 mmHg. J Am Med Assoc 1970; 213: 1143-52.
    • (1970) J Am Med Assoc , vol.213 , pp. 1143-1152
  • 6
    • 0002867796 scopus 로고
    • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertensive disorders: A key to two forms of arteriolar vasoconstriction and a possible clue to risk of vascular injury (heart attack and stroke) and prognosis
    • Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. New York: Raven Press, Ltd
    • Laragh JH, Sealey JE. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertensive disorders: a key to two forms of arteriolar vasoconstriction and a possible clue to risk of vascular injury (heart attack and stroke) and prognosis. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. New York: Raven Press, Ltd, 1990: 1329-8.
    • (1990) Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management , pp. 1329-1338
    • Laragh, J.H.1    Sealey, J.E.2
  • 7
    • 0029745614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • INSIGHT: International nifedipine GITS study intervention as a goal in hypertension treatment
    • Brown MJ, Castaigne A, Ruilope LM, et al. INSIGHT: international nifedipine GITS study intervention as a goal in hypertension treatment. J Hum Hypertens 1996; 10 (Suppl 3): S157-160.
    • (1996) J Hum Hypertens , vol.10 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Brown, M.J.1    Castaigne, A.2    Ruilope, L.M.3
  • 8
    • 0027771190 scopus 로고
    • The Nordic Diltiazem Study (NORDIL). A prospective intervention trial of calcium antagonist therapy in hypertension
    • The Nordil Group. The Nordic Diltiazem Study (NORDIL). A prospective intervention trial of calcium antagonist therapy in hypertension. Blood Pressure 1993; 2: 312-21.
    • (1993) Blood Pressure , vol.2 , pp. 312-321
  • 9
    • 8544236206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australian comparative outcome trial of ACE inhibitor- and diuretic-based treatment of hypertension in the elderly. Management Committee on behalf of the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia
    • Wing LM, Reid CM, Ryan P, et al. Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study (ANBP2). Australian comparative outcome trial of ACE inhibitor- and diuretic-based treatment of hypertension in the elderly. Management Committee on behalf of the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. Clin Exp Hypertens 1997; 19: 779-91.
    • (1997) Clin Exp Hypertens , vol.19 , pp. 779-791
    • Wing, L.M.1    Reid, C.M.2    Ryan, P.3
  • 10
    • 0025688109 scopus 로고
    • The Captopril Prevention Project: A prospective intervention trial of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in the treatment of hypertension
    • The CAPPP Group. The Captopril Prevention Project: a prospective intervention trial of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in the treatment of hypertension. J Hypertens 1990; 8: 985-90.
    • (1990) J Hypertens , vol.8 , pp. 985-990
  • 11
    • 0030872646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction (LIFE) in hypertension study. Rationale, design and methods
    • Dahlöf B, Devereux R, de Faire U, et al. The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction (LIFE) in hypertension study. Rationale, design and methods. Am J Hypertens 1997; 10: 705-13.
    • (1997) Am J Hypertens , vol.10 , pp. 705-713
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Devereux, R.2    De Faire, U.3
  • 12
    • 0029132121 scopus 로고
    • Nifedipine: Dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease
    • Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Meyer JV. Nifedipine: dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995; 92: 1326-31.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1326-1331
    • Furberg, C.D.1    Psaty, B.M.2    Meyer, J.V.3
  • 13
    • 0032485350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes and hypertension
    • Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, Hiatt WR, et al. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 645-52.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 645-652
    • Estacio, R.O.1    Jeffers, B.W.2    Hiatt, W.R.3
  • 14
    • 0343487983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension
    • Staessen JS, Fagard R, Thijs L, et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet 1997; 350: 757-64.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 757-764
    • Staessen, J.S.1    Fagard, R.2    Thijs, L.3
  • 15
    • 0025831464 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension
    • SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA 1991; 265: 3255-64.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 3255-3264
  • 16
    • 0020429539 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of calcium-channel blocking agents
    • Braunwald E. Mechanism of action of calcium-channel blocking agents. N Engl J Med 1982; 307: 1618-27.
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.307 , pp. 1618-1627
    • Braunwald, E.1
  • 18
    • 0022650411 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of transcoronary macromolecular leakage after ischaemia - Reperfusion by the calcium entry blocker, nisoldipine
    • McDonagh PF, Roberts DJ. Prevention of transcoronary macromolecular leakage after ischaemia - reperfusion by the calcium entry blocker, nisoldipine. Circ Res 1986; 58: 127-36.
    • (1986) Circ Res , vol.58 , pp. 127-136
    • McDonagh, P.F.1    Roberts, D.J.2
  • 19
    • 0025909608 scopus 로고
    • Effects of calcium channel blocking agents on infarct size after ischemia - Reperfusion in anesthetized pigs: Relationship between cardioprotection and cardiodepression
    • Sullivan AT, Baker DJ, Drew GM. Effects of calcium channel blocking agents on infarct size after ischemia - reperfusion in anesthetized pigs: relationship between cardioprotection and cardiodepression. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991; 17: 707-17.
    • (1991) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 707-717
    • Sullivan, A.T.1    Baker, D.J.2    Drew, G.M.3
  • 21
    • 0024309208 scopus 로고
    • Can the progression of coronary sclerosis be influenced by calcium antagonists?
    • Kober G, Schneider W, Kaltenbach M. Can the progression of coronary sclerosis be influenced by calcium antagonists? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1989; 13 (Suppl 4): S2-S6.
    • (1989) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.13 , Issue.4 SUPPL.
    • Kober, G.1    Schneider, W.2    Kaltenbach, M.3
  • 22
    • 0029161079 scopus 로고
    • The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapies
    • Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Koepsell TD, et al. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapies. JAMA 1995; 274: 620-5.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 620-625
    • Psaty, B.M.1    Heckbert, S.R.2    Koepsell, T.D.3
  • 23
    • 0026083978 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin and cell growth: A link to cardiovascular hypertrophy?
    • Schelling P, Fischer H, Ganten D. Angiotensin and cell growth: a link to cardiovascular hypertrophy? J Hypertens 1991; 9: 3-15.
    • (1991) J Hypertens , vol.9 , pp. 3-15
    • Schelling, P.1    Fischer, H.2    Ganten, D.3
  • 24
    • 0026772435 scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with reactive and reparative fibrosis of the myocardium
    • Weber KT, Brilla CG. Factors associated with reactive and reparative fibrosis of the myocardium. Basic Res Cardiol 1992; 87 (Suppl 7): 291-301.
    • (1992) Basic Res Cardiol , vol.87 , Issue.7 SUPPL. , pp. 291-301
    • Weber, K.T.1    Brilla, C.G.2
  • 25
    • 0026320394 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of coronary circulation and the cardiac matrix by the renin-angiotensin system
    • Dietz R, Waas W, Haberbosch W, et al. Modulation of coronary circulation and the cardiac matrix by the renin-angiotensin system. Eur Heart J 1991; 12(Suppl F): 107-11.
    • (1991) Eur Heart J , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. F , pp. 107-111
    • Dietz, R.1    Waas, W.2    Haberbosch, W.3
  • 26
    • 0024547737 scopus 로고
    • Induction of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain and c-myc gene expressions by angiotensin II in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Naftilan AJ, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ. Induction of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain and c-myc gene expressions by angiotensin II in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 1419-24.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.83 , pp. 1419-1424
    • Naftilan, A.J.1    Pratt, R.E.2    Dzau, V.J.3
  • 27
    • 0020117867 scopus 로고
    • Physiological aspects of primary hypertension
    • Folkow B. Physiological aspects of primary hypertension. Physiol Rev 1982; 62: 347-503.
    • (1982) Physiol Rev , vol.62 , pp. 347-503
    • Folkow, B.1
  • 28
    • 0028925799 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition and beta-blockade for 2 years on function of small arteries from hypertensive patients
    • Schiffrin EL, Deng L. Comparison of effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition and beta-blockade for 2 years on function of small arteries from hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1995; 25 (part2): 699-703.
    • (1995) Hypertension , vol.25 , Issue.2 PART , pp. 699-703
    • Schiffrin, E.L.1    Deng, L.2
  • 29
    • 0026442245 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic role of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with or without coronary artery disease
    • Ghali JK, Lias Y, Simmorts B, et al. The prognostic role of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with or without coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 831-6.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 831-836
    • Ghali, J.K.1    Lias, Y.2    Simmorts, B.3
  • 30
    • 0025280867 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham study
    • Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham study. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1561-6.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 1561-1566
    • Levy, D.1    Garrison, R.J.2    Savage, D.D.3    Kannel, W.B.4    Castelli, W.P.5
  • 31
    • 0024448370 scopus 로고
    • Converting enzyme inhibition specifically prevents the development and induces regression of cardiac hypertrophy in rats
    • Linz W, Scholkens BA, Ganten D. Converting enzyme inhibition specifically prevents the development and induces regression of cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 1989; 11: 1325-50.
    • (1989) Clin Exp Hypertens , vol.11 , pp. 1325-1350
    • Linz, W.1    Scholkens, B.A.2    Ganten, D.3
  • 32
    • 0026502016 scopus 로고
    • Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy - A meta-analysis
    • Dahlöf B, Pennert K, Hansson L. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy - a meta-analysis. Clin Exper Hypertens 1992; A14: 173-80.
    • (1992) Clin Exper Hypertens , vol.A14 , pp. 173-180
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Pennert, K.2    Hansson, L.3
  • 33
    • 0029962323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. A meta-analysis of randomised, double-blind studies
    • Schmieder RE, Martus P, Klingbeil A. Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. A meta-analysis of randomised, double-blind studies. JAMA 1996; 275: 1507-13.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 1507-1513
    • Schmieder, R.E.1    Martus, P.2    Klingbeil, A.3
  • 34
    • 0030895133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of single-drug therapy on reduction of left ventricular mass in mild to moderate hypertension. Comparison of six antihypertensive agents
    • Gottdiener JS, Reda DJ, Massie BM, et al. Effect of single-drug therapy on reduction of left ventricular mass in mild to moderate hypertension. Comparison of six antihypertensive agents. Circulation 1997; 95: 2007-14.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 2007-2014
    • Gottdiener, J.S.1    Reda, D.J.2    Massie, B.M.3
  • 35
    • 0028815407 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of five antihypertensive monotherapies and placebo for change in left ventricular mass in patients receiving nutritional-hygienic therapy in the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS)
    • Liebson PR, Grandits GA, Dianzumba S, et al. Comparison of five antihypertensive monotherapies and placebo for change in left ventricular mass in patients receiving nutritional-hygienic therapy in the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS). Circulation 1995; 91: 698-706.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 698-706
    • Liebson, P.R.1    Grandits, G.A.2    Dianzumba, S.3
  • 36
    • 0002726120 scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibitor ramipril is more effective than the beta-blocker atenolol in reducing left ventricular mass in hypertension. Results of the RACE (ramipril cardioprotective evaluation) study
    • Agabiti-Rosei E, Ambrosioni E, Dal Palu C, Muiesan ML, Zanchetti A. ACE inhibitor ramipril is more effective than the beta-blocker atenolol in reducing left ventricular mass in hypertension. Results of the RACE (ramipril cardioprotective evaluation) study. J Hypertens 1995; 13: 1325-34.
    • (1995) J Hypertens , vol.13 , pp. 1325-1334
    • Agabiti-Rosei, E.1    Ambrosioni, E.2    Dal Palu, C.3    Muiesan, M.L.4    Zanchetti, A.5
  • 38
    • 0024210903 scopus 로고
    • Angina due to coronary microvascular disease in hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy
    • Brush JE, Cannon RO, Schenke WH, et al. Angina due to coronary microvascular disease in hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1302-7.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 1302-1307
    • Brush, J.E.1    Cannon, R.O.2    Schenke, W.H.3
  • 40
    • 0025283892 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension
    • Panza JA, Quyyumi AA, Brush JE, Epstein SE. Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 22-7.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 22-27
    • Panza, J.A.1    Quyyumi, A.A.2    Brush, J.E.3    Epstein, S.E.4
  • 41
    • 9444280103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Mancini GBJ, Henry GC, Macaya C, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1996; 94: 258-265.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 258-265
    • Mancini, G.B.J.1    Henry, G.C.2    Macaya, C.3
  • 42
    • 0023916169 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells
    • Geisterfer AAT, Peach MJ, Owens G. Angiotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 1988; 62: 749-56.
    • (1988) Circ Res , vol.62 , pp. 749-756
    • Geisterfer, A.A.T.1    Peach, M.J.2    Owens, G.3
  • 43
    • 0025262272 scopus 로고
    • Antiatherogenic effect of captopril in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit
    • Chobanian AV, Haudenschild CC, Nickerson C, Drago R. Antiatherogenic effect of captopril in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Hypertension 1990; 15: 327-31.
    • (1990) Hypertension , vol.15 , pp. 327-331
    • Chobanian, A.V.1    Haudenschild, C.C.2    Nickerson, C.3    Drago, R.4
  • 44
    • 0026688284 scopus 로고
    • Trandolapril inhibits atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit
    • Chobanian AV, Haudenschild CC, Nickerson C, Hope S. Trandolapril inhibits atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Hypertension 1992; 20: 473-7.
    • (1992) Hypertension , vol.20 , pp. 473-477
    • Chobanian, A.V.1    Haudenschild, C.C.2    Nickerson, C.3    Hope, S.4
  • 45
    • 0029061116 scopus 로고
    • Dissociation between the antiatherosclerotic effect of trandolapril and suppression of serum and aortic angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit
    • Chobanian AV, Hope S, Brecher P. Dissociation between the antiatherosclerotic effect of trandolapril and suppression of serum and aortic angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Hypertension 1995; 25: 1306-10.
    • (1995) Hypertension , vol.25 , pp. 1306-1310
    • Chobanian, A.V.1    Hope, S.2    Brecher, P.3
  • 46
    • 0023879732 scopus 로고
    • Effect of captopril on progressive ventricular dilatation after anterior myocardial infarction
    • Pfeffer MA, Lamas GA, Vaughan DE, Parisi AF, Braunwald E. Effect of captopril on progressive ventricular dilatation after anterior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 80-6.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 80-86
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Lamas, G.A.2    Vaughan, D.E.3    Parisi, A.F.4    Braunwald, E.5
  • 47
    • 0026786643 scopus 로고
    • Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction
    • Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moyé LA, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 669-77.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 669-677
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Braunwald, E.2    Moyé, L.A.3
  • 48
    • 0027423378 scopus 로고
    • The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators: Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure
    • The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators: effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993; 342: 821-8.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 821-828
  • 49
    • 0030902115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE)
    • Pitt B, Segal R, Martinez FA, et al. Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE). Lancet 1997; 349: 747-52.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 747-752
    • Pitt, B.1    Segal, R.2    Martinez, F.A.3
  • 50
    • 0015491624 scopus 로고
    • Essential hypertension: Renin and aldosterone, heart attack and stroke
    • Brunner HR, Laragh JH, Baer L, et al. Essential hypertension: renin and aldosterone, heart attack and stroke. N Engl J Med 1972; 286: 441-449.
    • (1972) N Engl J Med , vol.286 , pp. 441-449
    • Brunner, H.R.1    Laragh, J.H.2    Baer, L.3
  • 51
    • 0022656719 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: A 26 year follow up of the Framingham population
    • Lerner DJ, Kannel WB. Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: a 26 year follow up of the Framingham population. Am Heart J 1986; 111: 383-91.
    • (1986) Am Heart J , vol.111 , pp. 383-391
    • Lerner, D.J.1    Kannel, W.B.2
  • 52
    • 0021684472 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic significance of proteinuria. The Framingham study
    • Kannel WB, Stampfer MJ, Castelli WP, Verter J. The prognostic significance of proteinuria. The Framingham study. Am Heart J 1984; 108: 1347-52.
    • (1984) Am Heart J , vol.108 , pp. 1347-1352
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Castelli, W.P.3    Verter, J.4
  • 53
    • 0025158992 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of non fatal myocardial reinfarction
    • Benhorin J, Moss AJ, Oakes D, et al. Prognostic significance of non fatal myocardial reinfarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15: 253-34.
    • (1990) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.15 , pp. 253-334
    • Benhorin, J.1    Moss, A.J.2    Oakes, D.3
  • 54
    • 0019362251 scopus 로고
    • Introduction to sample size determination and power analysis for clinical trials
    • Lachin JM. Introduction to sample size determination and power analysis for clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials 1991; 2: 93-113.
    • (1991) Controlled Clinical Trials , vol.2 , pp. 93-113
    • Lachin, J.M.1
  • 55
    • 70449529019 scopus 로고
    • Discrete sequential boundaries for clinical trials
    • Lan KKG, DeMets DL. Discrete sequential boundaries for clinical trials. Biometrika 1983; 70: 659-663.
    • (1983) Biometrika , vol.70 , pp. 659-663
    • Lan, K.K.G.1    DeMets, D.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.