메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 127-137

The HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) study: The design of a large, simple randomized trial of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ramipril) and vitamin e in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events

Author keywords

Angioterisin converting enzyme inhibitors; Cardiovascular prevention; HOPE Study; Randomized trial methodology; Vitamin E antioxidant

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; RAMIPRIL;

EID: 0029917456     PISSN: 0828282X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (188)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 0003995733 scopus 로고
    • Ottawa: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
    • Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Cardiovascular disease in Canada, 1993. Ottawa: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, 1994.
    • (1994) Cardiovascular Disease in Canada, 1993
  • 2
    • 0022980592 scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterol, blood pressure and mortality: Implications from a cohort of 361,662 men
    • Martin MJ, Hulley SB, Brown WS, et al. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure and mortality: implications from a cohort of 361,662 men. Lancet 1986;ii:933-6.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 933-936
    • Martin, M.J.1    Hulley, S.B.2    Brown, W.S.3
  • 3
    • 0024603895 scopus 로고
    • Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its arherogenicity
    • Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo J, Witztum J. Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its arherogenicity. N Engl J Med 1989;320:915-24.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 915-924
    • Steinberg, D.1    Parthasarathy, S.2    Carew, T.E.3    Khoo, J.4    Witztum, J.5
  • 4
    • 0026554742 scopus 로고
    • The effects of nutrients on lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidization
    • Berry EM. The effects of nutrients on lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidization. Curr Opin Lipidol 1992;3:5-11.
    • (1992) Curr Opin Lipidol , vol.3 , pp. 5-11
    • Berry, E.M.1
  • 5
    • 0024284170 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac renin-angiotensin system. Molecular and functional aspects
    • Dzau VJ. Cardiac renin-angiotensin system. Molecular and functional aspects. Am J Med 1988;84(Suppl 3A):22-7.
    • (1988) Am J Med , vol.84 , Issue.SUPPL. 3A , pp. 22-27
    • Dzau, V.J.1
  • 6
    • 0026639605 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and the cardiovascular System
    • Dzau VJ. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and the cardiovascular System. J Hypertens 1992;10(Suppl 3):S3-10.
    • (1992) J Hypertens , vol.10 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Dzau, V.J.1
  • 7
    • 0025913812 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure
    • SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293-302.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 293-302
  • 8
    • 0026785561 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on mortality and development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions
    • SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992;327:685-91.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 685-691
  • 9
    • 0026786643 scopus 로고
    • Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction
    • Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:669-77.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 669-677
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Braunwald, E.2    Moye, L.A.3
  • 10
    • 0026456573 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on myocardial infarction and unstable angina in patients with low ejection fractions
    • Yusuf S, Pepine CJ, Garces C, et al. Effect of enalapril on myocardial infarction and unstable angina in patients with low ejection fractions. Lancet 1992;340:1173-8.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 1173-1178
    • Yusuf, S.1    Pepine, C.J.2    Garces, C.3
  • 11
    • 0024402389 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II induces c-fos expression in smooth muscle via transcriptional control
    • Naftilan AJ, Pratt RE, Eldridge CS, et al. Angiotensin II induces c-fos expression in smooth muscle via transcriptional control. Hypertension 1989;13:706-11.
    • (1989) Hypertension , vol.13 , pp. 706-711
    • Naftilan, A.J.1    Pratt, R.E.2    Eldridge, C.S.3
  • 12
    • 0025794059 scopus 로고
    • Association of the rerun-sodium profile with the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension
    • Alderman MH, Madhavan SH, Ooi WL, et al. Association of the rerun-sodium profile with the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension. N Engl J Med 1991;324:1098-104.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1098-1104
    • Alderman, M.H.1    Madhavan, S.H.2    Ooi, W.L.3
  • 13
    • 0021364719 scopus 로고
    • Enalapril improves systemic and renal hemodynamics and allows regression of left ventricular mass in essential hypertension
    • Dunn FG, Orsmon W, Venture HO. Enalapril improves systemic and renal hemodynamics and allows regression of left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1984;53:105-8.
    • (1984) Am J Cardiol , vol.53 , pp. 105-108
    • Dunn, F.G.1    Orsmon, W.2    Venture, H.O.3
  • 14
    • 0028143970 scopus 로고
    • Emerging role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiac and vascular protection
    • Lonn E, Yusuf S, Jha P, et al. Emerging role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiac and vascular protection. Circulation 1994;90:2056-69.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 2056-2069
    • Lonn, E.1    Yusuf, S.2    Jha, P.3
  • 15
    • 0026675062 scopus 로고
    • Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction
    • Cambien F, Poirier O, Leclerc L, et al. Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Nature 1992;359:641-4.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 641-644
    • Cambien, F.1    Poirier, O.2    Leclerc, L.3
  • 16
    • 0026025851 scopus 로고
    • Inverse correlation between plasma vitamin E and mortality from ischemic heart disease in cross-cultural epidemiology
    • Gey KF, Puska P, Jordan P, Moser UK. Inverse correlation between plasma vitamin E and mortality from ischemic heart disease in cross-cultural epidemiology. AmJ Clin Nutr 1991;53(Suppl 1): S326-34.
    • (1991) AmJ Clin Nutr , vol.53 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Gey, K.F.1    Puska, P.2    Jordan, P.3    Moser, U.K.4
  • 17
    • 0027154706 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of vitamin E consumption and risk for coronary disease in women
    • Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JA, et al. A prospective study of vitamin E consumption and risk for coronary disease in women. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1444-9.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Hennekens, C.H.2    Manson, J.A.3
  • 18
    • 0027315339 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E consumption and risk of coronary heart disease among men
    • Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, et al. Vitamin E consumption and risk of coronary heart disease among men. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1450-6.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 1450-1456
    • Rimm, E.B.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Ascherio, A.3
  • 19
    • 0010607277 scopus 로고
    • The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers
    • Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-35.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 1029-1035
  • 20
    • 0028865472 scopus 로고
    • The antioxidant vitamins (E, C and carotenes) and cardiovascular disease: A critical summary of epidemiological and clinical trial data
    • Jha P, Flather M, Lonn E, Farkouh M, Yusuf S. The antioxidant vitamins (E, C and carotenes) and cardiovascular disease: A critical summary of epidemiological and clinical trial data. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:860-72.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.123 , pp. 860-872
    • Jha, P.1    Flather, M.2    Lonn, E.3    Farkouh, M.4    Yusuf, S.5
  • 21
    • 0019230053 scopus 로고
    • A review of stroke epidemiology
    • Ostfled AM. A review of stroke epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev 1980;2:136-52.
    • (1980) Epidemiol Rev , vol.2 , pp. 136-152
    • Ostfled, A.M.1
  • 22
    • 0004716346 scopus 로고
    • Canada Heart Health Surveys: A profile of cardiovascular risk
    • Canada Heart Health Surveys Research Group. Canada Heart Health Surveys: a profile of cardiovascular risk. Can Med Assoc J 1992;146 (Special Suppl):1-56.
    • (1992) Can Med Assoc J , vol.146 , Issue.SPECIAL SUPPL. , pp. 1-56
  • 24
    • 0018132565 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial methodology
    • Peto R. Clinical trial methodology. Biomedicine 1978;2 (Special Issue):24-36.
    • (1978) Biomedicine , vol.2 , Issue.SPEC. ISSUE , pp. 24-36
    • Peto, R.1
  • 25
    • 0021745696 scopus 로고
    • Why do we need some large, simple, randomized trials?
    • Yusuf S, Peto R, Collins R. Why do we need some large, simple, randomized trials? Stat Med 1984;3:409-20.
    • (1984) Stat Med , vol.3 , pp. 409-420
    • Yusuf, S.1    Peto, R.2    Collins, R.3
  • 26
    • 84888827980 scopus 로고
    • A randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16,027 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1
    • ISIS Collaborative Group. A randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16,027 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1. Lancet 1986;ii:57-66.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 57-66
  • 27
    • 0023805341 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both or neither, among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction
    • ISIS-2 Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both or neither, among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1988;ii:349-60.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 349-360
  • 28
    • 0026008559 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E and cancer prevention
    • Knekt P, Aromaa A, Maatela J, et al. Vitamin E and cancer prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53(Suppl 1):S283-6.
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.53 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Knekt, P.1    Aromaa, A.2    Maatela, J.3
  • 29
    • 0025315455 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E antioxidant activity, biokinetics and bioavailability
    • Burton GW, Traber MG. Vitamin E antioxidant activity, biokinetics and bioavailability. Annu Rev Nutr 1990;10:357-82.
    • (1990) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.10 , pp. 357-382
    • Burton, G.W.1    Traber, M.G.2
  • 30
    • 0023721830 scopus 로고
    • Safety of oral intake of vitamin E
    • Bendich A, Machlin LJ. Safety of oral intake of vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:612-9.
    • (1988) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.48 , pp. 612-619
    • Bendich, A.1    Machlin, L.J.2
  • 31
    • 33845382806 scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations
    • Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 1958;53:457-81.
    • (1958) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.53 , pp. 457-481
    • Kaplan, E.L.1    Meier, P.2
  • 32
    • 0017365573 scopus 로고
    • Design and analysis of randomised clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient: II analysis and examples
    • Peto R, Pike MC, Armitage P, et al. Design and analysis of randomised clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient: II analysis and examples. Br J Cancer 1977;35:1-39.
    • (1977) Br J Cancer , vol.35 , pp. 1-39
    • Peto, R.1    Pike, M.C.2    Armitage, P.3
  • 33
    • 0000336139 scopus 로고
    • Regression models and life tables
    • Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc 1972;34:187-200.
    • (1972) J R Stat Soc , vol.34 , pp. 187-200
    • Cox, D.R.1
  • 34
    • 0028120906 scopus 로고
    • 2Indomised trials of antiplatelet therapy-I. Prevention of death, myocardial inferction and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients
    • 2Indomised trials of antiplatelet therapy-I. Prevention of death, myocardial inferction and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994;308:81-106.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 81-106
  • 35
    • 0028017861 scopus 로고
    • Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: Overview of ten-year results from randomized trials
    • Yusuf S, Zucker D, Peduzzi R, et al. Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of ten-year results from randomized trials. Lancet 1994;344:563-70.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 563-570
    • Yusuf, S.1    Zucker, D.2    Peduzzi, R.3
  • 36
    • 0024423739 scopus 로고
    • Saphenous vein graft patency 1 year after coronary artery bypass surgery and the effects of antiplatelet therapy: Results of a Veterans Administration cooperative study
    • Goldman S, Copeland JG, Moritz T, et al. Saphenous vein graft patency 1 year after coronary artery bypass surgery and the effects of antiplatelet therapy: results of a Veterans Administration cooperative study. Circulation 1989;80:1190-7.
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.80 , pp. 1190-1197
    • Goldman, S.1    Copeland, J.G.2    Moritz, T.3
  • 37
    • 0027475174 scopus 로고
    • Long term outcome of patients with depressed left ventricular function undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: The NHLBI Registry
    • Holmes DR, Derre KM, William D, et al. Long term outcome of patients with depressed left ventricular function undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: the NHLBI Registry. Circulation 1993;87:21-9.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , pp. 21-29
    • Holmes, D.R.1    Derre, K.M.2    William, D.3
  • 38
    • 0026775578 scopus 로고
    • Aspirin effects on mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study report 14
    • ETDRS Investigators. Aspirin effects on mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study report 14. JAMA 1992;266:1292-300.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.266 , pp. 1292-1300
  • 39
    • 0027406191 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, other risk factors and 12-year cardiovascular mortality for men screening in the Multiple Risk Factor intervention Trial
    • Stamler J, Vaccoro O, Neaton JD. Diabetes, other risk factors and 12-year cardiovascular mortality for men screening in the Multiple Risk Factor intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1992;16:434-44.
    • (1992) Diabetes Care , vol.16 , pp. 434-444
    • Stamler, J.1    Vaccoro, O.2    Neaton, J.D.3
  • 40
    • 0025361904 scopus 로고
    • 5-year incidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in relation to general risk factors, insulin level and abnormalities in lipoprotein composition in non-insulin dependent diabetic and non-diabetic subjects
    • Uusilupa MIJ, Niskanen KK, Sictonon O, et al. 5-year incidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in relation to general risk factors, insulin level and abnormalities in lipoprotein composition in non-insulin dependent diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Circulation 1990;82:27-36.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 27-36
    • Uusilupa, M.I.J.1    Niskanen, K.K.2    Sictonon, O.3
  • 41
    • 0003730079 scopus 로고
    • [NIH publication 85-1460]. Washington: US Dept of Health and Human Services
    • National Diabetes Data Group. Diabetes in America: Diabetes Data Complied 1984 [NIH publication 85-1460]. Washington: US Dept of Health and Human Services, 1985.
    • (1985) Diabetes in America: Diabetes Data Complied 1984


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.