메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 356-368

Transcranial magnetic stimulation as an investigative tool in the study of visual function

Author keywords

Causality; Ocular movements; Phosphenes; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Visual cortex; Visual function; Visual suppression

Indexed keywords

BRAIN; INFORMATION ANALYSIS; MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS; SENSORY PERCEPTION;

EID: 0038586436     PISSN: 10405488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00006324-200305000-00010     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (54)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0035316933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History and future directions of human brain mapping and functional neuroimaging
    • Savoy RL. History and future directions of human brain mapping and functional neuroimaging. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2001;107:9-42.
    • (2001) Acta Psychol (Amst) , vol.107 , pp. 9-42
    • Savoy, R.L.1
  • 2
    • 0021802893 scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex
    • Barker AT, Jalinous R, Freeston IL. Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet 1985;1:1106-7.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1106-1107
    • Barker, A.T.1    Jalinous, R.2    Freeston, I.L.3
  • 3
    • 0033614991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Studying the brain-behaviour relationship by induction of "virtual lesions"
    • Pascual-Leone A, Bartres-Faz D, Keenan JP. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: studying the brain-behaviour relationship by induction of "virtual lesions." Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1999;354:1229-38.
    • (1999) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.354 , pp. 1229-1238
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Bartres-Faz, D.2    Keenan, J.P.3
  • 4
    • 0034072308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive neuroscience: Virtual lesion, chronometry, and functional connectivity
    • Pascual-Leone A, Walsh V, Rothwell J. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive neuroscience: virtual lesion, chronometry, and functional connectivity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2000;10:232-7.
    • (2000) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.10 , pp. 232-237
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Walsh, V.2    Rothwell, J.3
  • 5
    • 0031668246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic stimulation of visual cortex: Factors influencing the perception of phosphenes
    • Ray PG, Meador KJ, Epstein CM, Loring DW, Day LJ. Magnetic stimulation of visual cortex: factors influencing the perception of phosphenes. J Clin Neurophysiol 1998;15:351-7.
    • (1998) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.15 , pp. 351-357
    • Ray, P.G.1    Meador, K.J.2    Epstein, C.M.3    Loring, D.W.4    Day, L.J.5
  • 6
    • 0032622450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The history and basic principles of magnetic nerve stimulation
    • Barker AT. The history and basic principles of magnetic nerve stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1999;51:3-21.
    • (1999) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl , vol.51 , pp. 3-21
    • Barker, A.T.1
  • 8
    • 0027989493 scopus 로고
    • Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex
    • Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Sole J, Wassermann EM, Hallett M. Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. Brain 1994;117(Pt 4):847-58.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , Issue.PART 4 , pp. 847-858
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Valls-Sole, J.2    Wassermann, E.M.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 10
    • 0034193409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of corticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Maeda F, Keenan JP, Tormos JM, Topka H, Pascual-Leone A. Modulation of corticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2000;111:800-5.
    • (2000) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.111 , pp. 800-805
    • Maeda, F.1    Keenan, J.P.2    Tormos, J.M.3    Topka, H.4    Pascual-Leone, A.5
  • 12
    • 0031930002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996
    • Wassermann EM. Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998;108:1-16.
    • (1998) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.108 , pp. 1-16
    • Wassermann, E.M.1
  • 14
    • 0027201671 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping of the motor cortex in normal subjects: The representation of two intrinsic hand muscles
    • Wilson SA, Thickbroom GW, Mastaglia FL. Transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping of the motor cortex in normal subjects: the representation of two intrinsic hand muscles. J Neurol Sci 1993;118:134-44.
    • (1993) J Neurol Sci , vol.118 , pp. 134-144
    • Wilson, S.A.1    Thickbroom, G.W.2    Mastaglia, F.L.3
  • 15
    • 0027996028 scopus 로고
    • Finding the depth of magnetic brain stimulation: A re-evaluation
    • Rudiak D, Marg E. Finding the depth of magnetic brain stimulation: a re-evaluation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994;93:358-71.
    • (1994) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.93 , pp. 358-371
    • Rudiak, D.1    Marg, E.2
  • 16
    • 0033981064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI study of human brain exposed to high-dose repetitive magnetic stimulation of visual cortex
    • Niehaus L, Hoffmann KT, Grosse P, Roricht S, Meyer BU. MRI study of human brain exposed to high-dose repetitive magnetic stimulation of visual cortex. Neurology 2000;54:256-8.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 256-258
    • Niehaus, L.1    Hoffmann, K.T.2    Grosse, P.3    Roricht, S.4    Meyer, B.U.5
  • 17
    • 0026648303 scopus 로고
    • Lack of pathologic changes in human temporal lobes after transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Gates JR, Dhuna A, Pascual-Leone A. Lack of pathologic changes in human temporal lobes after transcranial magnetic stimulation. Epilepsia 1992;33:504-8.
    • (1992) Epilepsia , vol.33 , pp. 504-508
    • Gates, J.R.1    Dhuna, A.2    Pascual-Leone, A.3
  • 18
    • 0033667477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Side effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Wassermann EM. Side effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Depress Anxiety 2000;12:124-9.
    • (2000) Depress Anxiety , vol.12 , pp. 124-129
    • Wassermann, E.M.1
  • 19
    • 0025816825 scopus 로고
    • Magnetostimulation of vision: Direct noninvasive stimulation of the retina and the visual brain
    • Marg E. Magnetostimulation of vision: direct noninvasive stimulation of the retina and the visual brain. Optom Vis Sci 1991;68:427-40.
    • (1991) Optom Vis Sci , vol.68 , pp. 427-440
    • Marg, E.1
  • 20
    • 0028294670 scopus 로고
    • Phosphenes induced by magnetic stimulation over the occipital brain: Description and probable site of stimulation
    • Marg E, Rudiak D. Phosphenes induced by magnetic stimulation over the occipital brain: description and probable site of stimulation. Optom Vis Sci 1994;71:301-11.
    • (1994) Optom Vis Sci , vol.71 , pp. 301-311
    • Marg, E.1    Rudiak, D.2
  • 21
    • 0034727419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetically induced phosphenes in sighted, blind and blindsighted observers
    • Cowey A, Walsh V. Magnetically induced phosphenes in sighted, blind and blindsighted observers. Neuroreport 2000;11:3269-73.
    • (2000) Neuroreport , vol.11 , pp. 3269-3273
    • Cowey, A.1    Walsh, V.2
  • 23
    • 0026267280 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic stimuli applied over motor and visual cortex: Influence of coil position and field polarity on motor responses, phosphenes, and eye movements
    • Meyer BU, Diehl R, Steinmetz H, Britton TC, Benecke R. Magnetic stimuli applied over motor and visual cortex: influence of coil position and field polarity on motor responses, phosphenes, and eye movements. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1991;43:121-34.
    • (1991) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl , vol.43 , pp. 121-134
    • Meyer, B.U.1    Diehl, R.2    Steinmetz, H.3    Britton, T.C.4    Benecke, R.5
  • 24
    • 0031973026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient visual field defects induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation over human occipital pole
    • Kastner S, Demmer I, Ziemann U. Transient visual field defects induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation over human occipital pole. Exp Brain Res 1998;118:19-26.
    • (1998) Exp Brain Res , vol.118 , pp. 19-26
    • Kastner, S.1    Demmer, I.2    Ziemann, U.3
  • 25
    • 0035148434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor and phosphene thresholds: A transcranial magnetic stimulation correlation study
    • Stewart LM, Walsh V, Rothwell JC. Motor and phosphene thresholds: a transcranial magnetic stimulation correlation study. Neuropsychologia 2001;39:415-9.
    • (2001) Neuropsychologia , vol.39 , pp. 415-419
    • Stewart, L.M.1    Walsh, V.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 26
    • 0035917886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast backprojections from the motion to the primary visual area necessary for visual awareness
    • Pascual-Leone A, Walsh V. Fast backprojections from the motion to the primary visual area necessary for visual awareness. Science 2001;292:510-2.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 510-512
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Walsh, V.2
  • 28
    • 0036325720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphene thresholds evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation are insensitive to short-lasting variations in ambient light
    • Kammer T, Beck S. Phosphene thresholds evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation are insensitive to short-lasting variations in ambient light. Exp Brain Res 2002;145:407-10.
    • (2002) Exp Brain Res , vol.145 , pp. 407-410
    • Kammer, T.1    Beck, S.2
  • 29
    • 0031921361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation confirms hyperexcitabiliry of occipital cortex in migraine
    • Aurora SK, Ahmad BK, Welch KM, Bhardhwaj P, Ramadan NM. Transcranial magnetic stimulation confirms hyperexcitabiliry of occipital cortex in migraine. Neurology 1998;50:1111-4.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1111-1114
    • Aurora, S.K.1    Ahmad, B.K.2    Welch, K.M.3    Bhardhwaj, P.4    Ramadan, N.M.5
  • 30
    • 0032788599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The occipital cortex is hyperexcitable in migraine: Experimental evidence
    • Aurora SK, Cao Y, Bowyer SM, Welch KM. The occipital cortex is hyperexcitable in migraine: experimental evidence. Headache 1999;39:469-76.
    • (1999) Headache , vol.39 , pp. 469-476
    • Aurora, S.K.1    Cao, Y.2    Bowyer, S.M.3    Welch, K.M.4
  • 31
    • 0000099398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in migraine with aura: Further evidence of occipital cortex excitability
    • Aguggia M, Zibetri M, Febbaro A, Mutani R. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in migraine with aura: further evidence of occipital cortex excitability (Abstract). Cephalalgia 1999;19:465.
    • (1999) Cephalalgia , vol.19 , pp. 465
    • Aguggia, M.1    Zibetri, M.2    Febbaro, A.3    Mutani, R.4
  • 33
    • 0035936632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of perception in migraine: Evidence for reduced inhibition in the visual cortex
    • Mulleners WM, Chronicle EP, Palmer JE, Koehler PJ, Vredeveld JW. Suppression of perception in migraine: evidence for reduced inhibition in the visual cortex. Neurology 2001;56:178-83.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 178-183
    • Mulleners, W.M.1    Chronicle, E.P.2    Palmer, J.E.3    Koehler, P.J.4    Vredeveld, J.W.5
  • 34
    • 0035807975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying rapid experience-dependent plasticity in the human visual cortex
    • Boroojerdi B, Battaglia F, Muellbacher W, Cohen LG. Mechanisms underlying rapid experience-dependent plasticity in the human visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:14698-701.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 14698-14701
    • Boroojerdi, B.1    Battaglia, F.2    Muellbacher, W.3    Cohen, L.G.4
  • 35
    • 0031830525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interictal cortical excitability in migraine: A study using transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor and visual cortices
    • Afra J, Mascia A, Gerard P, Maertens de Noordhout A, Schoenen J. Interictal cortical excitability in migraine: a study using transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor and visual cortices. Ann Neurol 1998;44:209-15.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 209-215
    • Afra, J.1    Mascia, A.2    Gerard, P.3    Maertens de Noordhout, A.4    Schoenen, J.5
  • 37
    • 0034636072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of human visual cortex excitability using 1-Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Boroojerdi B, Prager A, Muellbacher W, Cohen LG. Reduction of human visual cortex excitability using 1-Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 2000;54:1529-31.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 1529-1531
    • Boroojerdi, B.1    Prager, A.2    Muellbacher, W.3    Cohen, L.G.4
  • 38
    • 0036393379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual cortex excitability in migraine before and after valproate prophylaxis: A pilot study using TMS
    • Mulleners WM, Chronicle EP, Vredeveld JW, Koehler PJ. Visual cortex excitability in migraine before and after valproate prophylaxis: a pilot study using TMS. Eur J Neurol 2002;9:35-40.
    • (2002) Eur J Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 35-40
    • Mulleners, W.M.1    Chronicle, E.P.2    Vredeveld, J.W.3    Koehler, P.J.4
  • 39
    • 0032791640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perceptual consequences of visual loss: "Positive" pathologies of vision
    • ffytche DH, Howard RJ. The perceptual consequences of visual loss: "positive" pathologies of vision. Brain 1999;122(Pt 7):1247-60.
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , Issue.PART 7 , pp. 1247-1260
    • Ffytche, D.H.1    Howard, R.J.2
  • 41
    • 0037857417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of visual hallucinations following occipital cortex stroke damage: A preliminary trial using transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Merabet L, Kobayashi M, Barton J, Pascual Leone A. Suppression of visual hallucinations following occipital cortex stroke damage: a preliminary trial using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Optom Vis Sci 2002;79(Suppl):57.
    • (2002) Optom Vis Sci , vol.79 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 57
    • Merabet, L.1    Kobayashi, M.2    Barton, J.3    Pascual Leone, A.4
  • 43
    • 0036187959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in visual cortex excitability in blind subjects as demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Gothe J, Brandt SA, Irlbacher K, Roricht S, Sabel BA, Meyer BU. Changes in visual cortex excitability in blind subjects as demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain 2002;125:479-90.
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 479-490
    • Gothe, J.1    Brandt, S.A.2    Irlbacher, K.3    Roricht, S.4    Sabel, B.A.5    Meyer, B.U.6
  • 44
    • 0033588398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of activity in early visual cortex as revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Corthout E, Uttl B, Walsh V, Hallett M, Cowey A. Timing of activity in early visual cortex as revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuroreport 1999;10:2631-4.
    • (1999) Neuroreport , vol.10 , pp. 2631-2634
    • Corthout, E.1    Uttl, B.2    Walsh, V.3    Hallett, M.4    Cowey, A.5
  • 45
    • 0034644207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain
    • Hallett M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain. Nature 2000;406:147-50.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 147-150
    • Hallett, M.1
  • 46
    • 0034305791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive neuroscience
    • Walsh V, Cowey A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive neuroscience. Nat Rev Neurosci 2000;1:73-9.
    • (2000) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 73-79
    • Walsh, V.1    Cowey, A.2
  • 50
    • 0027483501 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of visual perception by transcranial magnetic stimulation: Experimental findings in healthy subjects and patients with optic neuritis
    • Masur H, Papke K, Oberwittler C. Suppression of visual perception by transcranial magnetic stimulation: experimental findings in healthy subjects and patients with optic neuritis. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993;86:259-67.
    • (1993) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.86 , pp. 259-267
    • Masur, H.1    Papke, K.2    Oberwittler, C.3
  • 53
    • 0032215313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphenes and transient scotomas induced by magnetic stimulation of the occipital lobe: Their topographic relationship
    • Kammer T. Phosphenes and transient scotomas induced by magnetic stimulation of the occipital lobe: their topographic relationship. Neuropsychologia 1999;37:191-8.
    • (1999) Neuropsychologia , vol.37 , pp. 191-198
    • Kammer, T.1
  • 54
    • 0029863347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic coil suppression of visual perception at an extracalcarine site
    • Epstein CM, Verson R, Zangaladze A. Magnetic coil suppression of visual perception at an extracalcarine site. J Clin Neurophysiol 1996;13:247-52.
    • (1996) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.13 , pp. 247-252
    • Epstein, C.M.1    Verson, R.2    Zangaladze, A.3
  • 55
    • 0033363695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manifestation of scotomas created by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human visual cortex
    • Kamitani Y, Shimojo S. Manifestation of scotomas created by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human visual cortex. Nat Neurosci 1999;2:767-71.
    • (1999) Nat Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 767-771
    • Kamitani, Y.1    Shimojo, S.2
  • 57
    • 0031795387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are recognition deficits following occipital lobe TMS explained by raised detection thresholds?
    • Kammer T, Nusseck HG. Are recognition deficits following occipital lobe TMS explained by raised detection thresholds? Neuropsychologia 1998;36:1161-6.
    • (1998) Neuropsychologia , vol.36 , pp. 1161-1166
    • Kammer, T.1    Nusseck, H.G.2
  • 59
    • 0026758227 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral visual motion blindness: Transitory akinetopsia induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human area V5
    • Beckers G, Homberg V. Cerebral visual motion blindness: transitory akinetopsia induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human area V5. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1992;249:173-8.
    • (1992) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.249 , pp. 173-178
    • Beckers, G.1    Homberg, V.2
  • 60
    • 0028270873 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation of extrastriate cortex degrades human motion direction discrimination
    • Hotson J, Braun D, Herzberg W, Boman D. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of extrastriate cortex degrades human motion direction discrimination. Vision Res 1994;34:2115-23.
    • (1994) Vision Res , vol.34 , pp. 2115-2123
    • Hotson, J.1    Braun, D.2    Herzberg, W.3    Boman, D.4
  • 61
    • 0028943940 scopus 로고
    • The consequences of inactivating areas V1 and V5 on visual motion perception
    • Beckers G, Zeki S. The consequences of inactivating areas V1 and V5 on visual motion perception. Brain 1995;118(Pt 1):49-60.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 49-60
    • Beckers, G.1    Zeki, S.2
  • 62
    • 0032215283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selectivity and timing of motion processing in human temporo-parieto-occipital and occipital cortex: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Hotson JR, Anand S. The selectivity and timing of motion processing in human temporo-parieto-occipital and occipital cortex: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Neuropsychologia 1999;37:169-79.
    • (1999) Neuropsychologia , vol.37 , pp. 169-179
    • Hotson, J.R.1    Anand, S.2
  • 63
    • 0025758979 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral akinetopsia (visual motion blindness): A review
    • Zeki S. Cerebral akinetopsia (visual motion blindness): a review. Brain 1991;114(Pt 2):811-24.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 811-824
    • Zeki, S.1
  • 67
    • 85096257116 scopus 로고
    • Orientation bias model of unilateral neglect: Evidence from attentional gradients within hemispace
    • Robertson IH, Marshall JC, eds. Hillsdale: L Erlbaum Associates
    • Kinsbourne M. Orientation bias model of unilateral neglect: evidence from attentional gradients within hemispace. In: Robertson IH, Marshall JC, eds. Unilateral Neglect: Clinical and Experimental Studies. Hillsdale: L Erlbaum Associates, 1993:63-86.
    • (1993) Unilateral Neglect: Clinical and Experimental Studies , pp. 63-86
    • Kinsbourne, M.1
  • 69
    • 0034869565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced visual spatial attention ipsilateral to rTMS-induced "virtual lesions" of human parietal cortex
    • Hilgetag CC, Theoret H, Pascual-Leone A. Enhanced visual spatial attention ipsilateral to rTMS-induced "virtual lesions" of human parietal cortex. Nat Neurosci 2001;4:953-7.
    • (2001) Nat Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 953-957
    • Hilgetag, C.C.1    Theoret, H.2    Pascual-Leone, A.3
  • 70
    • 0035833925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • rTMS of the unaffected hemisphere transiently reduces contralesional visuospatial hemineglect
    • Oliveri M, Bisiach E, Brighina F, Piazza A, La Bua V, Buffa D, Fierro B. rTMS of the unaffected hemisphere transiently reduces contralesional visuospatial hemineglect. Neurology 2001;57:1338-40.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1338-1340
    • Oliveri, M.1    Bisiach, E.2    Brighina, F.3    Piazza, A.4    La Bua, V.5    Buffa, D.6    Fierro, B.7
  • 71
    • 0001636312 scopus 로고
    • The oculomotor system
    • Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, eds. London: Prentice Hall International
    • Goldberg M, Eggers H, Gouras P. The oculomotor system. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, eds. Principles of Neural Science, 3rd ed. London: Prentice Hall International, 1991:660-77.
    • (1991) Principles of Neural Science, 3rd Ed , pp. 660-677
    • Goldberg, M.1    Eggers, H.2    Gouras, P.3
  • 73
    • 0025880005 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial stimulation of the human frontal eye field by magnetic pulses
    • Muri RM, Hess CW, Meienberg O. Transcranial stimulation of the human frontal eye field by magnetic pulses. Exp Brain Res 1991;86:219-23.
    • (1991) Exp Brain Res , vol.86 , pp. 219-223
    • Muri, R.M.1    Hess, C.W.2    Meienberg, O.3
  • 74
    • 0027474179 scopus 로고
    • Some saccadic eye movements can be delayed by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebral cortex in man
    • Priori A, Bertolasi L, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Marsden CD. Some saccadic eye movements can be delayed by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebral cortex in man. Brain 1993;116(Pt 2):355-67.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 355-367
    • Priori, A.1    Bertolasi, L.2    Rothwell, J.C.3    Day, B.L.4    Marsden, C.D.5
  • 75
    • 0030477075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human frontal eye field
    • Thickbroom GW, Stell R, Mastaglia FL. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human frontal eye field. J Neurol Sci 1996;144:114-8.
    • (1996) J Neurol Sci , vol.144 , pp. 114-118
    • Thickbroom, G.W.1    Stell, R.2    Mastaglia, F.L.3
  • 76
    • 0029066802 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex degrades accuracy of memory-guided saccades in humans
    • Oyachi H, Ohtsuka K. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex degrades accuracy of memory-guided saccades in humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995;36:1441-9.
    • (1995) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.36 , pp. 1441-1449
    • Oyachi, H.1    Ohtsuka, K.2
  • 77
    • 0035930462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex on saccades and vergence
    • Kapoula Z, Isotalo E, Muri RM, Bucci MP, Rivaud-Pechoux S. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex on saccades and vergence. Neuroreport 2001;12:4041-6.
    • (2001) Neuroreport , vol.12 , pp. 4041-4046
    • Kapoula, Z.1    Isotalo, E.2    Muri, R.M.3    Bucci, M.P.4    Rivaud-Pechoux, S.5
  • 78
    • 0029785277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices during memory-guided saccades in humans
    • Muri RM, Vermersch AI, Rivaud S, Gaymard B, Pierrot-Deseilligny C. Effects of single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices during memory-guided saccades in humans. J Neurophysiol 1996;76:2102-6.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.76 , pp. 2102-2106
    • Muri, R.M.1    Vermersch, A.I.2    Rivaud, S.3    Gaymard, B.4    Pierrot-Deseilligny, C.5
  • 79
    • 0343092027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemispheric asymmetry in cortical control of memory-guided saccades: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Muri RM, Gaymard B, Rivaud S, Vermersch A, Hess CW, Pierrot-Deseilligny C. Hemispheric asymmetry in cortical control of memory-guided saccades: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Neuropsychologia 2000;38:1105-11.
    • (2000) Neuropsychologia , vol.38 , pp. 1105-1111
    • Muri, R.M.1    Gaymard, B.2    Rivaud, S.3    Vermersch, A.4    Hess, C.W.5    Pierrot-Deseilligny, C.6
  • 80
    • 0034789749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The planning and guiding of reading saccades: A repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Leff AP, Scott SK, Rothwell JC, Wise RJ. The planning and guiding of reading saccades: a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Cereb Cortex 2001;11:918-23.
    • (2001) Cereb Cortex , vol.11 , pp. 918-923
    • Leff, A.P.1    Scott, S.K.2    Rothwell, J.C.3    Wise, R.J.4
  • 82
    • 17944368284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation coregistered with MRI: A comparison of a guided versus blind stimulation technique and its effect on evoked compound muscle action potentials
    • Gugino LD, Romero JR, Aglio L, Titone D, Ramirez M, Pascual-Leone A, Grimson E, Weisenfeld N, Kikinis R, Shenton ME. Transcranial magnetic stimulation coregistered with MRI: a comparison of a guided versus blind stimulation technique and its effect on evoked compound muscle action potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2001;112:1781-92.
    • (2001) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.112 , pp. 1781-1792
    • Gugino, L.D.1    Romero, J.R.2    Aglio, L.3    Titone, D.4    Ramirez, M.5    Pascual-Leone, A.6    Grimson, E.7    Weisenfeld, N.8    Kikinis, R.9    Shenton, M.E.10
  • 83
    • 0030938064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation during positron emission tomography: A new method for studying connectivity of the human cerebral cortex
    • Paus T, Jech R, Thompson CJ, Comeau R, Peters T, Evans AC. Transcranial magnetic stimulation during positron emission tomography: a new method for studying connectivity of the human cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 1997;17:3178-84.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 3178-3184
    • Paus, T.1    Jech, R.2    Thompson, C.J.3    Comeau, R.4    Peters, T.5    Evans, A.C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.