메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 86, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 209-219

Cerebral function revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Author keywords

Cortical Excitation; Inhibition; Non invasive; Painless

Indexed keywords

ACTION POTENTIAL; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN FUNCTION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; EXCITATION; FACILITATION; MAGNETIC FIELD; MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION; NERVE EXCITABILITY; NONHUMAN; PAIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STIMULUS RESPONSE; SYNAPTIC INHIBITION; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION;

EID: 0032893011     PISSN: 01650270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0270(98)00167-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0023209822 scopus 로고
    • Considerations for safety in the use of extracranial stimulation for motor evoked potentials
    • Agnew W.F., McCreery D.B. Considerations for safety in the use of extracranial stimulation for motor evoked potentials. Neurosurgery. 20:1987;143-147.
    • (1987) Neurosurgery , vol.20 , pp. 143-147
    • Agnew, W.F.1    McCreery, D.B.2
  • 3
    • 0023207714 scopus 로고
    • Physiological basis of motor effects of a transient stimulus to cerebral cortex
    • Amassian V.E., Stewart M., Quirk G.J, Rosenthal J.L. Physiological basis of motor effects of a transient stimulus to cerebral cortex. Neurosurgery. 20:1987;74-93.
    • (1987) Neurosurgery , vol.20 , pp. 74-93
    • Amassian, V.E.1    Stewart, M.2    Quirk, G.J.3    Rosenthal, J.L.4
  • 4
    • 0024492554 scopus 로고
    • A sense of movement elicited in paralysed distal arm by focal magnetic coil stimulation of human motor cortex
    • Amassian V.E., Cracco R.Q., Maccabee P.J. A sense of movement elicited in paralysed distal arm by focal magnetic coil stimulation of human motor cortex. Brain Res. 479:1989;355-360.
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.479 , pp. 355-360
    • Amassian, V.E.1    Cracco, R.Q.2    Maccabee, P.J.3
  • 6
    • 0003052826 scopus 로고
    • Basic mechanisms of magnetic coil excitation of nervous system in humans and monkeys: Application in focal stimulation of different cortical areas in humans
    • S. Chokroverty. Boston: Butterworths
    • Amassian V.E., Maccabee P.J., Cracco R.Q., Cracco J.B. Basic mechanisms of magnetic coil excitation of nervous system in humans and monkeys: application in focal stimulation of different cortical areas in humans. Chokroverty S. Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiology. 1990;73-111 Butterworths, Boston.
    • (1990) Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiology , pp. 73-111
    • Amassian, V.E.1    Maccabee, P.J.2    Cracco, R.Q.3    Cracco, J.B.4
  • 10
    • 0029447606 scopus 로고
    • Some positive effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • S. Fahn, M. Hallett, H.O. Luders, Marsden C.D. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven
    • Amassian V.E., Cracco R.Q., Maccabee P.J., Cracco J.B., Henry K. Some positive effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Fahn S., Hallett M., Luders H.O., Marsden C.D. Negative Motor Phenomena. Advances in Neurology. 67:1995;79-106 Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia.
    • (1995) Negative Motor Phenomena. Advances in Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 79-106
    • Amassian, V.E.1    Cracco, R.Q.2    Maccabee, P.J.3    Cracco, J.B.4    Henry, K.5
  • 11
    • 0021802893 scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex
    • Barker A.T., Jalinous R., Freeston I.L. Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet. 1:1985;1106-1107.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1106-1107
    • Barker, A.T.1    Jalinous, R.2    Freeston, I.L.3
  • 13
    • 0026071529 scopus 로고
    • An introduction to the basic principles of magnetic nerve stimulation
    • Barker A.T. An introduction to the basic principles of magnetic nerve stimulation. J Clin Neurophysiol. 8:1991;26-37.
    • (1991) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.8 , pp. 26-37
    • Barker, A.T.1
  • 14
    • 0026507440 scopus 로고
    • Topographic mapping of the human motor cortex with magnetic stimulation: Factors affecting accuracy and reproducibility
    • Brasil-Neto J.P., McShane L.M., Fuhr P., Hallett M., Cohen L.G. Topographic mapping of the human motor cortex with magnetic stimulation: factors affecting accuracy and reproducibility. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 85:1992;9-16.
    • (1992) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.85 , pp. 9-16
    • Brasil-Neto, J.P.1    McShane, L.M.2    Fuhr, P.3    Hallett, M.4    Cohen, L.G.5
  • 16
    • 0027163164 scopus 로고
    • Rapid modulation of human cortical motor outputs following ischemic nerve block
    • Brasil-Neto J.P., Valls-Solé J., Pascual-Leone A. et al. Rapid modulation of human cortical motor outputs following ischemic nerve block. Brain. 116:1993;511-525.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 511-525
    • Brasil-Neto, J.P.1    Valls-Solé, J.2    Pascual-Leone, A.3
  • 17
    • 0024538481 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation: An assessment of cognitive and other cerebral effects
    • Bridgers S.L., Delaney R.C. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: an assessment of cognitive and other cerebral effects. Neurology. 39:1989;417-419.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 417-419
    • Bridgers, S.L.1    Delaney, R.C.2
  • 18
    • 0026298757 scopus 로고
    • The safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation reconsidered: Evidence regarding cognitive and other cerebral effects
    • W.J. Levy, R.Q. Cracco, A.T. Barker, & J. Rothwell. New York: Elsevier
    • Bridgers S.L. The safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation reconsidered: evidence regarding cognitive and other cerebral effects. Levy W.J., Cracco R.Q., Barker A.T., Rothwell J. Magnetic Motor Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Experience, EEG Suppl. 43. 1991;170-179 Elsevier, New York.
    • (1991) Magnetic Motor Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Experience, EEG Suppl. 43 , pp. 170-179
    • Bridgers, S.L.1
  • 19
    • 0000279388 scopus 로고
    • The study of corticospinal activation of motor neurones
    • Brookhart J.M. The study of corticospinal activation of motor neurones. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis. 30:1952;157-163.
    • (1952) Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis , vol.30 , pp. 157-163
    • Brookhart, J.M.1
  • 20
    • 0029919293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of the balance between inhibition and excitation in the motor cortex of patients with cortical myoclonus
    • Brown P., Ridding M.C., Werhahn K.J., Rothwell J.C., Marsden C.D. Abnormalities of the balance between inhibition and excitation in the motor cortex of patients with cortical myoclonus. Brain. 119:1996;309-317.
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 309-317
    • Brown, P.1    Ridding, M.C.2    Werhahn, K.J.3    Rothwell, J.C.4    Marsden, C.D.5
  • 21
    • 0026298758 scopus 로고
    • Optimizing magnetic stimulator design
    • W.J. Levy, R.Q. Cracco, A.T. Barker, & J. Rothwell. New York: Elsevier
    • Cadwell J. Optimizing magnetic stimulator design. Levy W.J., Cracco R.Q., Barker A.T., Rothwell J. EEG Suppl. 43. 1991;238-248 Elsevier, New York.
    • (1991) EEG Suppl. 43 , pp. 238-248
    • Cadwell, J.1
  • 22
    • 0023566992 scopus 로고
    • Motor-unit responses in human wrist flexor and extensor muscles to transcranial cortical stimuli
    • Calancie B., Nordin M., Wallin U., Hagbarth K.E. Motor-unit responses in human wrist flexor and extensor muscles to transcranial cortical stimuli. J Neurophysiol. 58:1987;1168-1185.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.58 , pp. 1168-1185
    • Calancie, B.1    Nordin, M.2    Wallin, U.3    Hagbarth, K.E.4
  • 23
    • 0026785550 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic brain stimulation: The silent period after the motor evoked potential
    • Cantello R., Gianelli M., Civardi C., Mutani R. Magnetic brain stimulation: the silent period after the motor evoked potential. Neurology. 42:1992;1951-1959.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1951-1959
    • Cantello, R.1    Gianelli, M.2    Civardi, C.3    Mutani, R.4
  • 26
    • 0023337897 scopus 로고
    • Cortical stimulation does not cause short-term changes in the electroencephalogram
    • Cohen L.G., Hallett M. Cortical stimulation does not cause short-term changes in the electroencephalogram. Ann Neurol. 21:1987;512-513.
    • (1987) Ann Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 512-513
    • Cohen, L.G.1    Hallett, M.2
  • 27
    • 0026080567 scopus 로고
    • Motor reorganization after upper limb amputation in man. A study with focal magnetic stimulation
    • Cohen L.G., Bandinelli S., Findley T.W., Hallett M. Motor reorganization after upper limb amputation in man. A study with focal magnetic stimulation. Brain. 114:1991;615-627.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 615-627
    • Cohen, L.G.1    Bandinelli, S.2    Findley, T.W.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 28
    • 0026081477 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic stimulation of the human cerebral cortex, an indicator of reorganization in motor pathways in certain pathological conditions
    • Cohen L.G., Bradley J.R., Wassermann E.M., Topka H., Fuhr P., Schultz J., Hallett M. Magnetic stimulation of the human cerebral cortex, an indicator of reorganization in motor pathways in certain pathological conditions. J Clin Neurophysiol. 8:1991;56-65.
    • (1991) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.8 , pp. 56-65
    • Cohen, L.G.1    Bradley, J.R.2    Wassermann, E.M.3    Topka, H.4    Fuhr, P.5    Schultz, J.6    Hallett, M.7
  • 29
    • 0026285195 scopus 로고
    • Topographic maps of human motor cortex in normal and pathological conditions: Mirror movements, amputations and spinal cord injuries
    • W.J. Levy, R.Q. Cracco, A.T. Barker, & J. Rothwell. New York: Elsevier
    • Cohen L.G., Bandinelli S., Topka H.R., Fuhr P., Roth B.J., Hallett M. Topographic maps of human motor cortex in normal and pathological conditions: mirror movements, amputations and spinal cord injuries. Levy W.J., Cracco R.Q., Barker A.T., Rothwell J. Magnetic Motor Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Experience, EEG Suppl. 43. 1991;36-50 Elsevier, New York.
    • (1991) Magnetic Motor Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Experience, EEG Suppl. 43 , pp. 36-50
    • Cohen, L.G.1    Bandinelli, S.2    Topka, H.R.3    Fuhr, P.4    Roth, B.J.5    Hallett, M.6
  • 30
    • 0025886268 scopus 로고
    • Leg paresthesias induced by magnetic coil stimulation in patients with thoracic spinal cord injury
    • Cohen L.G., Topka H., Cole R., Hallett M. Leg paresthesias induced by magnetic coil stimulation in patients with thoracic spinal cord injury. Neurology. 41:1991;1283-1288.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1283-1288
    • Cohen, L.G.1    Topka, H.2    Cole, R.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 31
    • 0009425549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying plasticity of human motor cortex during transient deafferentation of the forearm
    • S47.005 (abstract)
    • Corwell BN, Chen R, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Mechanisms underlying plasticity of human motor cortex during transient deafferentation of the forearm. Neurology 1997:48 Suppl. 2; S47.005 (abstract).
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Corwell, B.N.1    Chen, R.2    Hallett, M.3    Cohen, L.G.4
  • 32
    • 0025168103 scopus 로고
    • Hearing loss from the acoustic artifact of the coil used in extracranial magnetic stimulation
    • Counter S.A., Borg E., Lofqvist L., Brismar T. Hearing loss from the acoustic artifact of the coil used in extracranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology. 40:1990;1159-1162.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 1159-1162
    • Counter, S.A.1    Borg, E.2    Lofqvist, L.3    Brismar, T.4
  • 35
    • 0006419242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow of symbolic visual information from retina to vocalization. Xth International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology, Kyoto
    • J. Kimura, & H. Shibasaki. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Cracco R.Q., Amassian V.E., Maccabee P.J., Cracco J.B. Flow of symbolic visual information from retina to vocalization. Xth International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology, Kyoto. Kimura J., Shibasaki H. Excerpta Medical International Congress Series 1011. 1996;962-969 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1996) Excerpta Medical International Congress Series 1011 , pp. 962-969
    • Cracco, R.Q.1    Amassian, V.E.2    Maccabee, P.J.3    Cracco, J.B.4
  • 36
    • 0024406486 scopus 로고
    • Delay in the execution of voluntary movement by electrical or magnetic brain stimulation in intact man. Evidence for the storage of motor programs in the brain
    • Day B.L., Rothwell J.C., Thompson P.D., Maertens de Nordhout A., Nakashima K., Shannon K., Marsden C. Delay in the execution of voluntary movement by electrical or magnetic brain stimulation in intact man. Evidence for the storage of motor programs in the brain. Brain. 112:1989;649-663.
    • (1989) Brain , vol.112 , pp. 649-663
    • Day, B.L.1    Rothwell, J.C.2    Thompson, P.D.3    Maertens De Nordhout, A.4    Nakashima, K.5    Shannon, K.6    Marsden, C.7
  • 37
    • 0345559558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal cortico-cortical inhibition in idiopathic scoliosis. Is idiopathic scoliosis a dystonia?
    • abstract
    • Domenech J, Tormos JM, Barrios C, Rubio B, Pascual-Leone A, Catala MD. Abnormal cortico-cortical inhibition in idiopathic scoliosis. Is idiopathic scoliosis a dystonia? Neurology 1997:48 Suppl. 2; A344 (abstract).
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Domenech, J.1    Tormos, J.M.2    Barrios, C.3    Rubio, B.4    Pascual-Leone, A.5    Catala, M.D.6
  • 39
    • 0026069859 scopus 로고
    • Spinal motor neuron excitability during the silent period after cortical stimulation
    • Fuhr P., Agostino R., Hallett M. Spinal motor neuron excitability during the silent period after cortical stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 81:1991;257-262.
    • (1991) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 257-262
    • Fuhr, P.1    Agostino, R.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 41
    • 0029082328 scopus 로고
    • Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression
    • George M.S., Wassermann E.M., Williams W.A. et al. Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression. NeuroReport. 6:1995;1853-1856.
    • (1995) NeuroReport , vol.6 , pp. 1853-1856
    • George, M.S.1    Wassermann, E.M.2    Williams, W.A.3
  • 42
    • 0014597998 scopus 로고
    • A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation
    • Goddard G.V., McIntyre D.C., Leech C.K. A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation. Exp Neurol. 25:1969;295-330.
    • (1969) Exp Neurol , vol.25 , pp. 295-330
    • Goddard, G.V.1    McIntyre, D.C.2    Leech, C.K.3
  • 43
    • 0000523553 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of the unexposed cerebral cortex
    • Gualiterotti T.and, Patterson A.S. Electrical stimulation of the unexposed cerebral cortex. J Physiol (London). 125:1954;278-291.
    • (1954) J Physiol (London) , vol.125 , pp. 278-291
    • Gualiterotti, T.A.1    Patterson, A.S.2
  • 45
    • 0023162350 scopus 로고
    • Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain
    • Hess C.W., Mills K.R., Murray N.M.F. Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain. J Physiol (London). 388:1987;397-419.
    • (1987) J Physiol (London) , vol.388 , pp. 397-419
    • Hess, C.W.1    Mills, K.R.2    Murray, N.M.F.3
  • 46
    • 0345627132 scopus 로고
    • Generalized seizures induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex (letter)
    • Homberg V., Netz J. Generalized seizures induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex (letter). Lancet. 2:1989;1223.
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1223
    • Homberg, V.1    Netz, J.2
  • 47
    • 0025058990 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the epileptic focus by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain
    • Hufnagel A., Elger C.E., Durwen H.F., Boker D.K., Entzian W. Activation of the epileptic focus by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain. Ann Neurol. 27:1990;49-60.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 49-60
    • Hufnagel, A.1    Elger, C.E.2    Durwen, H.F.3    Boker, D.K.4    Entzian, W.5
  • 48
    • 0025893683 scopus 로고
    • Reshaping the cortical motor map by unmasking latent intracortical connections
    • Jacobs K.M., Donoghue J.P. Reshaping the cortical motor map by unmasking latent intracortical connections. Science. 251:1991;944-947.
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , pp. 944-947
    • Jacobs, K.M.1    Donoghue, J.P.2
  • 49
    • 0025975115 scopus 로고
    • Technical and practical aspects of magnetic nerve stimulation
    • Jalinous R. Technical and practical aspects of magnetic nerve stimulation. J Clin Neurophysiol. 8:1991;10-25.
    • (1991) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.8 , pp. 10-25
    • Jalinous, R.1
  • 50
    • 0028261597 scopus 로고
    • Speech localization using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Jennum P., Friberg L., Fuglsang-Frederiksen A., Morgens D.M. Speech localization using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology. 44:1994;269-273.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 269-273
    • Jennum, P.1    Friberg, L.2    Fuglsang-Frederiksen, A.3    Morgens, D.M.4
  • 53
    • 0027367448 scopus 로고
    • Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex
    • Kujirai T., Caramia M.D., Rothwell J.C. et al. Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex. J Physiol (London). 471:1993;501-519.
    • (1993) J Physiol (London) , vol.471 , pp. 501-519
    • Kujirai, T.1    Caramia, M.D.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 54
    • 0001987320 scopus 로고
    • Safety studies of electrical and magnetic stimulation for the production of motor evoked potentials
    • S. Chokroverty. Boston: Butterworths
    • Levy W.J., Oro J., Tucker D., Haghighi S. Safety studies of electrical and magnetic stimulation for the production of motor evoked potentials. Chokroverty S. Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiology. 1990;165-172 Butterworths, Boston.
    • (1990) Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiology , pp. 165-172
    • Levy, W.J.1    Oro, J.2    Tucker, D.3    Haghighi, S.4
  • 55
    • 0025012861 scopus 로고
    • Focal magnetic coil stimulation reveals motor cortical system reorganized in humans after traumatic quadriplegia
    • Levy W.J., Amassian V.E., Traad M., Cadwell J. Focal magnetic coil stimulation reveals motor cortical system reorganized in humans after traumatic quadriplegia. Brain Res. 510:1990;130-134.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.510 , pp. 130-134
    • Levy, W.J.1    Amassian, V.E.2    Traad, M.3    Cadwell, J.4
  • 56
    • 0026283166 scopus 로고
    • Mapping of motor cortex gyral sites non-invasively by transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal subjects and patients
    • W.J. Levy, R.Q. Cracco, A.T. Barker, & J. Rothwell. New York: Elsevier
    • Levy W.J., Amassian V.E., Schmid U.D., Jungreis C. Mapping of motor cortex gyral sites non-invasively by transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal subjects and patients. Levy W.J., Cracco R.Q., Barker A.T., Rothwell J. Magnetic Motor Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Experience, EEG Suppl. 43. 1991;51-75 Elsevier, New York.
    • (1991) Magnetic Motor Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Experience, EEG Suppl. 43 , pp. 51-75
    • Levy, W.J.1    Amassian, V.E.2    Schmid, U.D.3    Jungreis, C.4
  • 57
    • 0001013405 scopus 로고
    • Production of threshold levels of conscious sensation by electrical stimulation of human somatosensory cortex
    • Libet B., Alberts W.W., Wright E.W., Delattre L.D., Levin G., Feinstein B. Production of threshold levels of conscious sensation by electrical stimulation of human somatosensory cortex. J Neurophysiol. 27:1964;546-578.
    • (1964) J Neurophysiol , vol.27 , pp. 546-578
    • Libet, B.1    Alberts, W.W.2    Wright, E.W.3    Delattre, L.D.4    Levin, G.5    Feinstein, B.6
  • 58
    • 0019152140 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the intact human subject
    • Merton P.A., Morton H.B. Stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the intact human subject. Nature. 285:1980;227.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.285 , pp. 227
    • Merton, P.A.1    Morton, H.B.2
  • 59
    • 0019991843 scopus 로고
    • Scope of a technique for electrical stimulation of human brain, spinal cord, and muscle
    • Merton P.A., Morton H.B., Hill D.K., Marsden C Scope of a technique for electrical stimulation of human brain, spinal cord, and muscle. Lancet. 2:1982;597-600.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 597-600
    • Merton, P.A.1    Morton, H.B.2    Hill, D.K.3    Marsden, C.4
  • 60
    • 0025854335 scopus 로고
    • Induction of speech arrest and counting errors with rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Pascual-Leone A., Gates J.R., Dhuna A. Induction of speech arrest and counting errors with rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology. 41:1991;697-702.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 697-702
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Gates, J.R.2    Dhuna, A.3
  • 61
    • 0026734755 scopus 로고
    • No evidence of hearing loss in humans due to transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Pascual-Leone A., Cohen L.G., Shotland L.I. et al. No evidence of hearing loss in humans due to transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology. 42:1992;647-651.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 647-651
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Cohen, L.G.2    Shotland, L.I.3
  • 62
  • 63
    • 0027479359 scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of the sensorimotor cortex representation of the reading finger in Braille readers
    • Pascual-Leone A., Torres F. Plasticity of the sensorimotor cortex representation of the reading finger in Braille readers. Brain. 116:1993;39-52.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 39-52
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Torres, F.2
  • 64
    • 0028292488 scopus 로고
    • Akinesia in Parkinson's disease. II. Effects of subthreshold repetitive transcranial motor cortex stimulation
    • Pascual-Leone A., Valls-Solé J., Brasil-Neto J.P., Cammarota A., Grafman J., Hallett M. Akinesia in Parkinson's disease. II. Effects of subthreshold repetitive transcranial motor cortex stimulation. Neurology. 44:1994;892-898.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 892-898
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Valls-Solé, J.2    Brasil-Neto, J.P.3    Cammarota, A.4    Grafman, J.5    Hallett, M.6
  • 65
    • 84959073906 scopus 로고
    • Single- And multiple-unit analysis of cortical stage of pyramidal tract activation
    • Patton H.D., Amassian V.E. Single- and multiple-unit analysis of cortical stage of pyramidal tract activation. J Neurophysiol. 17:1954;345-363.
    • (1954) J Neurophysiol , vol.17 , pp. 345-363
    • Patton, H.D.1    Amassian, V.E.2
  • 66
    • 0001158540 scopus 로고
    • The pyramidal tract: Its excitation and functions
    • Washington, DC: American Physiology Society
    • Patton H.D, Amassian V.E. The pyramidal tract: its excitation and functions. Handbook of Physiology, Neurophysiology. II:1960;837-861 American Physiology Society, Washington, DC.
    • (1960) Handbook of Physiology, Neurophysiology , vol.2 , pp. 837-861
    • Patton, H.D.1    Amassian, V.E.2
  • 67
    • 0026584186 scopus 로고
    • Increased cortical excitability in generalized epilepsy demonstrated with transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Reutens D.C., Berkovic S.F. Increased cortical excitability in generalized epilepsy demonstrated with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Lancet. 339:1992;362-363.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 362-363
    • Reutens, D.C.1    Berkovic, S.F.2
  • 68
    • 0027469189 scopus 로고
    • Cortical hyperexcitability in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: A study with transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Reutens D.C., Puce A., Berkovic S.F. Cortical hyperexcitability in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: a study with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Ann Neurol. 43:1993;186-192.
    • (1993) Ann Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 186-192
    • Reutens, D.C.1    Puce, A.2    Berkovic, S.F.3
  • 69
    • 0025845766 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical calculation of the electric field induced in the cortex during magnetic stimulation
    • Roth B.J., Saypol J.M., Hallett M., Cohen L.G. A theoretical calculation of the electric field induced in the cortex during magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 81:1991;47-56.
    • (1991) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 47-56
    • Roth, B.J.1    Saypol, J.M.2    Hallett, M.3    Cohen, L.G.4
  • 70
    • 0017886902 scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalographic studies of myoclonus: Myoclonus related cortical spike and high amplitude somatosensory evoked potential
    • Shibasaki H., Yamashita Y., Kuroiwa Y. Electroencephalographic studies of myoclonus: myoclonus related cortical spike and high amplitude somatosensory evoked potential. Brain. 101:1978;447-460.
    • (1978) Brain , vol.101 , pp. 447-460
    • Shibasaki, H.1    Yamashita, Y.2    Kuroiwa, Y.3
  • 72
    • 0025312021 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in epileptic patients: Usefulness and safety
    • Tassinari C.A., Michelucci R., Forti A., Rubboli G. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in epileptic patients: usefulness and safety. Neurology. 40:1990;1132-1133.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 1132-1133
    • Tassinari, C.A.1    Michelucci, R.2    Forti, A.3    Rubboli, G.4
  • 73
    • 0000442572 scopus 로고
    • Localized stimulation of neural tissues in the brain by means of paired configuration of time-varying magnetic fields
    • Ueno S., Tashiro T., Harada K. Localized stimulation of neural tissues in the brain by means of paired configuration of time-varying magnetic fields. J Appl Phys. 64:1988;5862-5864.
    • (1988) J Appl Phys , vol.64 , pp. 5862-5864
    • Ueno, S.1    Tashiro, T.2    Harada, K.3
  • 77
    • 0027198715 scopus 로고
    • Topography of excitatory and inhibitory muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human motor cortex
    • Wilson S.A., Thickbroom G.W., Mastaglia F.L. Topography of excitatory and inhibitory muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human motor cortex. Neurosci Lett. 154:1993;52-56.
    • (1993) Neurosci Lett , vol.154 , pp. 52-56
    • Wilson, S.A.1    Thickbroom, G.W.2    Mastaglia, F.L.3
  • 78
    • 0345559518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levadopa and dopamine agonists can enhance inhibition in the human motor cortex: Evidence from a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • abstract
    • Ziemann U, Bruns D, Paulus W. Levadopa and dopamine agonists can enhance inhibition in the human motor cortex: evidence from a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Neurology 1996a: 46 (Suppl. 2); A342 (abstract).
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Ziemann, U.1    Bruns, D.2    Paulus, W.3
  • 79
    • 0029787246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Ziemann U., Lönnecker S., Steinhoff B.J., Paulus W. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Ann Neurol. 40:1996;367-378.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 367-378
    • Ziemann, U.1    Lönnecker, S.2    Steinhoff, B.J.3    Paulus, W.4
  • 80
    • 24844453367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficient motor cortex inhibition in Tourette Syndrome. Evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • abstract
    • Ziemann U, Paulus W, Rothenberger A. Deficient motor cortex inhibition in Tourette Syndrome. Evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 1997: 48 (Suppl. 2); A344 (abstract).
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Ziemann, U.1    Paulus, W.2    Rothenberger, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.