Exportin 1 mediates nuclear export of the kinetoplastid spliced leader RNA

Eukaryotic Cell

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 222-230

  Zeiner, Gusti M ^a   Sturm, Nancy R ^a   Campbell, David A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE TRANSPORT, CELL NUCLEUS; ANIMALS; CYTOPLASM; DNA, KINETOPLAST; DRUG RESISTANCE; FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED; KARYOPHERINS; LEISHMANIA; METHYLATION; MUTATION; RECEPTORS, CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR; RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL; RNA, SPLICED LEADER; TRANS-SPLICING; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCEI;

LEISHMANIA TARENTOLAE; MASTIGOPHORA (FLAGELLATES); METAZOA; PROTOZOA; TRYPANOSOMA; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI;

EID: 0038397337     PISSN: 15359778     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/EC.2.2.222-230.2003     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Adam, S. A., R. S. Marr, and L. Gerace. 1990. Nuclear protein import in permeabilized mammalian cells requires soluble cytoplasmic factors. J. Cell Biol. 111:807-816.
2. Agabian, N. 1990. Trans splicing of nuclear pre-mRNAs. Cell 61:1157-1160.
3. Bangs, J. D., P. F. Crain, T. Hashizume, J. A. McCloskey, and J. C. Boothroyd. 1992. Mass spectrometry of mRNA cap 4 from trypanosomatids reveals two novel nucleosides. J. Biol. Chem. 267:9805-9815.
4. Biebinger, S., S. Rettenmaier, J. Flaspohler, C. Hartmann, J. Pena-Diaz, L. E. Wirtz, H. R. Hotz, J. D. Barry, and C. Clayton. 1996. The PARP promoter of Trypanosoma brucei is developmentally regulated in a chromosomal context. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:1202-1211.
5. Boothroyd, J. C., D. A. Campbell, and R. E. Sutton. 1985. Expression of surface antigen genes in Trypanosoma brucei involves a novel system of discontinuous transcription, p. 61-66. In R. A. Lerner, R. M. Channock, and F. Brown (ed.), Vaccines 85: modern approaches to vaccines. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
6. Brooks, D. R., H. Denise, G. D. Westrop, G. H. Coombs, and J. C. Mottram. 2001. The stage-regulated expression of Leishmania mexicana CPB cysteine proteases is mediated by an intercistronic sequence element. J. Biol. Chem. 276:47061-47069.
7. Bruzik, J. P., K. Van Doren, D. Hirsh, and J. A. Steitz. 1988. Trans splicing involves a novel form of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Nature 335:559-562.
8. Campbell, D. A., N. R. Sturm, and M. C. Yu. 2000. Transcription of the kinetoplastid spliced leader RNA gene. Parasitol. Today 16:78-82.
9. Campbell, D. A., D. A. Thornton, and J. C. Boothroyd. 1984. Apparent discontinuous transcription of Trypanosoma brucei variant surface antigen genes. Nature 311:350-355.
10. Chartrand, P., E. Bertrand, R. H. Singer, and R. M. Long. 2000. Sensitive and high-resolution detection of RNA in situ. Methods Enzymol. 318:493-506.
11. Clayton, C. 2002. Life without transcriptional control? From fly to man and back again. EMBO J. 21:1881-1888.
12. Darzacq, X., B. E. Jády, C. Verheggen, A. M. Kiss, E. Bertrand, and T. Kiss. 2002. Cajal body-specific small nuclear RNAs: a novel class of 2′-O-methylation and pseudouridinylation guide RNAs. EMBO J. 21:2746-2756.
13. Denker, J. A., P. A. Maroney, Y. T. Yu, R. A. Kanost, and T. W. Nilsen. 1996. Multiple requirements for nematode spliced leader RNP function in transsplicing. RNA 2:746-755.
14. Fleischmann, J., and D. A. Campbell. 1994. Expression of the Leishmania tarentolae ubiquitin-encoding and mini-exon genes. Gene 144:45-51.
15. Freistadt, M. S., G. A. M. Cross, A. D. Branch, and H. D. Robertson. 1987. Direct analysis of the mini-exon donor RNA of Trypanosoma brucei: detection of a novel cap structure also present in messenger RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:9861-9879.
16. Gilinger, G., and V. Bellofatto. 2001. Trypanosome spliced leader RNA genes contain the first identified promoter in these organisms. Nucleic Acids Res. 29:1556-1564.
17. Goncharov, I., Z. Palfi, A. Bindereif, and S. Michaeli. 1999. Purification of the spliced leader ribonucleoprotein particle from Leptomonas collosoma revealed the existence of an Sm protein in trypanosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 274:12217-12221.
18. Günzl, A., E. Ullu, M. Dorner, S. P. Fragoso, K. F. Hoffmann, J. D. Milner, Y. Morita, E. K. Nguu, S. Vanacova, S. Wunsch, A. O. Dare, H. Kwon, and C. Tschudi. 1997. Transcription of the Trypanosoma brucei spliced leader RNA gene is dependent only on the presence of upstream regulatory elements. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 85:67-76.
19. Hagler, J., and S. Shaman. 1992. A freeze-frame view of eukaryotic transcription during elongation and capping of nascent mRNA. Science 255:983-986.
20. Hartshorne, T., and N. Agabian. 1993. RNA B is the major nucleolar trimethylguanosine-capped small nuclear RNA associated with fibrillarin and pre-rRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:144-154.
21. Hill, K. L., N. R. Hutchings, D. G. Russell, and J. E. Donelson. 1999. A novel protein targeting domain directs proteins to the anterior cytoplasmic face of the flagellar pocket in African trypanosomes. J. Cell Sci. 112:3091-3101.
22. Kudo, N., N. Matsumori, H. Taoka, D. Fujiwara, E. P. Schreiner, B. Wolff, M. Yoshida, and S. Sorinouchi. 1999. Leptomycin B inactivates CRM1/exportin 1 by covalent modification at a cysteine residue in the central conserved region. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:9112-9117.
23. Kuersten, S., M. Ohno, and I. W. Mattaj. 2001. Nucleocytoplasmic transport: Ran, beta and beyond. Trends Cell Biol. 11:497-503.
24. Lafontaine, D. L. J., T. Preiss, and D. Tollervey. 1998. Yeast 18S rRNA dimethylase Dim1p: a quality control mechanism in ribosome synthesis? Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:2360-2370.
25. Laird, P. W., A. L. ten Asbroek, and P. Borst. 1987. Controlled turnover and 3′ trimming of the trans splicing precursor of Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:10087-10103.
26. Laird, P. W., J. C. Zomerdljk, D, de Korte, and P. Borst. 1987. In vivo labelling of intermediates in the discontinuous synthesis of mRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 6:1055-1062.
27. Liang, X.-h., Y.-X. Xu, and S. Michaeli. 2002. The spliced leader-associated RNA is a trypanosome-specific sn(o) RNA that has the potential to guide pseudouridine formation on the SL RNA. RNA 8:237-246.
28. Lücke, S., G. L. Xu, Z. Palfi, M. Cross, V. Bellofatto, and A. Bindereif. 1996. Spliced leader RNA of trypanosomes: in vivo mutational analysis reveals extensive and distinct requirements for trans splicing and cap 4 formation. EMBO J. 15:4380-4391.
29. Maden, B. E., M. E. Corbett, P. A. Heeney, K. Pugh, and P. M. Ajuh. 1995. Classical and novel approaches to the detection and localization of the numerous modified nucleotides in eukaryotic ribosomal RNA. Biochemie 77:22-29.
30. Maden, B. E. H. 2001. Mapping 2′-O-methyl groups in ribosomal RNA. Methods 25:374-382.
31. Mair, G., E. Ulla, and C. Tschudi. 2000. Cotranscriptional cap 4 formation on the Trypanosoma brucei spliced leader RNA. J. Biol. Chem. 275:28994-28999.
32. Mandelboim, M., C. L. Estraño, C. Tschudi, E. Ullu, and S. Michaeli. 2002. On the role of exon and intron sequences in trans-splicing utilization and cap 4 modification of the trypanosomatid Leptomonas collosoma SL RNA. J. Biol. Chem. 277:35210-35218.
33. Maroney, P. A., G. J. Hannon, J. D. Shambaagh, and T. W. Nilsen. 1991. Intramolecular base pairing between the nematode spliced leader and its 5′ splice site is not essential for trans-splicing in vitro. EMBO J. 10:3869-3875.
34. Massenet, S., L. Pellizzoni, S. Paushkin, I. W. Mattaj, and G. Dreyfuss. 2002. The SMN complex is associated with snRNPs throughout their cytoplasmic assembly pathway. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:6533-6541.
35. Mattaj, I. W., and L. Engelmeier. 1998. Nucleocytoplasmic transport: the soluble phase. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67:265-306.
36. McNally, K. P., and N. Agabian. 1992. Trypanosoma brucei spliced-leader RNA methylations are required for trans splicing in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:4844-4851.
37. Mottram, J., K. L. Perry, P. M. Lizardi, R. Lührmann, N. Agabian, and R. G. Nelson. 1989. Isolation and sequence of four small nuclear U RNA genes of Trypanosoma brucei subsp. brucei: identification of the U2, U4, and U6 RNA analogs. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:1212-1223.
38. Palfi, Z., A. Günzl, M. Cross, and A. Bindereif. 1991. Affinity purification of Trypanosoma brucei small nuclear ribonucleoproteins reveals common and specific protein components. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:9097-9101.
39. Palfi, Z., S. Lücke, H.-W. Lahm, W. S. Lane, V. Kruft, E. Bragado-Nilsson, B. Séraphin, and A. Bindereif. 2000. The spliceosomal snRNP core complex of Trypanosoma brucei: cloning and functional analysis reveals seven Sm protein constituents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:8967-8972.
40. Perry, K. L., K. P. Watkins, and N. Agabian. 1987. Trypanosome mRNAs have unusual "cap 4" structures acquired by addition of a spliced leader. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:8190-8194.
41. Rinke, J., and J. A. Steitz. 1985. Association of the lupus antigen La with a subset of U6 snRNA molecules. Nucleic Acids Res. 13:2617-2619.
42. Roberts, T. G., N. R. Sturm, B. K. Yee, M. C. Yu, T. Hartshorne, N. Agabian, and D. A. Campbell. 1998. Three small nucleolar RNAs identified from the spliced leader-associated RNA locus in kinetoplastid protozoans. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:4409-4417.
43. Sturm, N. R., and D. A. Campbell. 1999. The role of intron structures in trans-splicing and cap 4 formation for the Leishmania spliced leader RNA. J. Biol. Chem. 274:19361-19367.
44. Starm, N. R., J. Fleischmann, and D. A. Campbell. 1998. Efficient transsplicing of mutated spliced leader exons in Leishmania tarentolae. J. Biol. Chem. 273:18689-18692.
45. Sturm, N. R., M. C. Yu, and D. A. Campbell. 1999. Transcription termination and 3′-end processing of the spliced leader RNA in kinetoplastids. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:1595-1604.
46. Tschudi, C., and E. Ullu. 1990. Destruction of U2, U4, or U6 small nuclear RNA blocks trans splicing in trypanosome cells. Cell 61:459-466.
47. Tschudi, C., and E. Ullu. 2002. Unconventional rules of small nuclear RNA transcription and cap modification in trypanosomatids. Gene Expr. 10:3-16.
48. Ullu, E., and C. Tschudi. 1993. 2′-O-methyl RNA oligonucleotides identify two functional elements in the trypanosome spliced leader ribonucleoprotein particle. J. Biol. Chem. 268:13068-13073.
49. Ullu, E., and C. Tschudi. 1995. Accurate modification of the trypanosome spliced leader cap structure in a homologous cell-free system. J. Biol. Chem. 270:20365-20369.
50. Ullu, E., and C. Tschudi. 1991. Trans splicing in trypanosomes requires methylation of the 5′ end of the spliced leader RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10074-10078.
51. Ullu, E., C. Tschudi, and A. Günzl. 1996. Trans-splicing in trypanosomatid protozoa, p. 115-133. In D. F. Smith and M. Parsons (ed.), Molecular biology of parasitic protozoa. IRL Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
52. Yu, M. C., T. C. Orlando, N. R. Sturm, L. Zhou, R. M. Saito, L. M. Floeter-Winter, and D. A. Campbell. 2002. Two distinct functional spliced leader RNA gene arrays in Leishmania tarentolae are found in several lizard Leishmania species. Int. J. Parasitol. 32:1411-1422.