Transcription of the Trypanosoma brucei spliced leader RNA gene is dependent only on the presence of upstream regulatory elements

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

Volumn 85, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 67-76

  Günzl, Arthur ^a,i   Ullu, Elisabetta ^a   Dörner, Marion ^b   Fragoso, Stenio P ^c   Hoffmann, Karl F ^d   Milner, Jeffrey D ^e   Morita, Yasuhiro ^d   Nguu, Edward Kinyua ^f   Vanacova, Stepanka ^g   Wünsch, Stefan ^h   Dare, Amos O ^a   Kwon, Helen ^a   Tschudi, Christian ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^c INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ   (Brazil)

^d JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI   (Kenya)

^g CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^h Research Center for Infectious Diseases   (Germany)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

in vitro transcription; spliced leader RNA gene; trans splicing; Trypanosoma brucei; trypanosome

Indexed keywords

MESSENGER RNA;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PLASMID; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RNA SPLICING; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI;

AMANITINS; ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS; GENES, PROTOZOAN; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MUTATION; NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); RNA SPLICING; RNA, MESSENGER; RNA, PROTOZOAN; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCEI;

EID: 0039835754     PISSN: 01666851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-6851(96)02816-2     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. De Lange, T., Liu, A.Y.C., Van der Ploeg, L.H.T., Borst, P., Tromp, M.C. and Van Boom, J.H. (1983) Tandem repetition of the 5′ mini-exon of variant surface glyco-protein genes: a multiple promoter for VSG gene transcription? Cell 34, 891-900.
2. Nelson, R.G., Parson, M., Barr, P.J., Stuart, K., Selkirk, M. and Agabian, N. (1983) Sequences homologous to the variant antigen mRNA spliced leader are located in tandem repeats and variable orphons in Trypanosoma brucei. Cell 34, 901-909.
3. Rudenko, G., Bishop, D., Gottesdiener, K. and Van der Ploeg, L.H.T. (1989) α-amanitin resistant transcription of protein coding genes in insect and bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 8, 4259-4263.
4. Ullu, E. and Tschudi, C. (1990) Permeable trypanosome cells as a model system for transcription and trans-splicing. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 3319-3326.
5. Rudenko, G., Lee, M.G.-S. and VanderPloeg, L.H.T. (1992) The PARP and VSG genes of Trypanosoma brucei do not resemble RNA polymerase II transcription units in sensitivity to sarkosyl in nuclear run-on assays. Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 303-306.
6. Saito, R.M., Elgort, M.G. and Campbell, D.A. (1994) A conserved upstream element is essential for transcription of the Leishmania tarentolae mini-exon gene. EMBO J. 13, 5460-5469.
7. Bangs, J.D., Crain, P.F., Hashizume, T., McCloskey, J.A. and Boothroyd, J.C. (1992) Mass spectrometry of mRNA cap 4 from trypanosomatids reveals two novel nucleosides. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 9805-9815.
8. Perry, K., Watkins, K.P. and Agabian, N. (1987) Trypanosome mRNAs have unusual 'cap 4' structure acquired by addition of a spliced leader. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 8190-8194.
9. Freistadt, M.S., Cross, G.A.M., Branch, A.D. and Robertson, H.D. (1987) Direct analysis of the mini-exon donor RNA of Trypanosoma brucei: detection of a novel cap structure also present in messenger RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 15, 9861-9879.
10. Freistadt, M.S., Cross, G.A.M. and Robertson, H.D. (1988) Discontinuously synthesized mRNA from Trypanosoma brucei contains the highly methylated 5′ cap structure, m7 GpppA*A*C(2′-O)mU*A. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 15071-15075.
11. Ullu, E. and Tschudi, C. (1995) Accurate modification of the trypanosome spliced leader cap structure in a homologous cell-free system. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 20365-20369.
12. Ullu, E. and Tschudi, C. (1991) Trans splicing in trypanosomes requires methylation of the 5′ end of the spliced leader RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10074-10078.
13. McNally, K.P. and Agabian, N. (1992) Trypanosoma brucei spliced-leader RNA methylations are required for trans splicing in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 4844-4851.
14. Agami, R., Aly, R., Halman, S. and Shapira, M. (1994) Functional analysis of cis-acting DNA elements required for expression of the SL RNA gene in the parasitic protozoan Leishmania amazonensis. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 1959-1965.
15. Hartree, D. and Bellofatto, V. (1995) Essential components of the mini-exon gene promoter in the trypansomatid Leptomonas seymouri. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 71, 27-39.
16. Fantoni, A., Dare, A.O. and Tschudi, C. (1994) RNA polymerase III-mediated transcription of the trypanosome U2 small nuclear RNA gene is controlled by both intragenic and extragenic regulatory elements. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 2021-2028.
17. Nakaar, V., Dare, A.O., Hong, D., Ullu, E. and Tschudi, C. (1994) Upstream tRNA genes are essential for expression of small nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA genes in trypanosomes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 6736-6742.
18. Günzl, A., Tschudi, C., Nakaar, V. and Ullu, E. (1995) Accurate transcription of the Trypanosoma brucei U2 small nuclear RNA gene in a homologous extract. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 17287-17291.
19. Günzl, A., Cross, M. and Bindereif, A. (1992) Domain structure of U2 and U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles from Trypanosoma brucei: identification of trans-spliceosomal specific RNA-protein interactions. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 468-479.
20. Huang, J. and Vander Ploeg, L.H.T. (1988) A 5′ exo-ribonuclease and RNA ligase of Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 9737-9759.
21. Steinberg, T.H., Mathews, D.E., Durbin, R.D. and Burgess, R.R. (1990) Tagetitoxin: a new inhibitor of eukaryotic transcription by RNA polymerase III. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 499-505.
22. Ullu, E., Tschudi, C. and Günzl, A. (1996) Trans-splicing in trypanosomatid protozoa. In: Molecular Biology of Parasitic Protozoa, (Smith, D. and Parsons, M., eds.), p. 115-133, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
23. Hannon, G.J., Maroney, P.A., Ayers, D.G., Shambaugh, J.D. and Nilsen, T.W. (1990) Transcription of a nematode trans -spliced leader RNA requires internal elements for both initiation and 3' end formation. EMBO J. 9, 1915-1921.