Rethinking the central causes of diabetes

Nature Medicine

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 645-647

  Elmquist, Joel K ^a   Marcus, Jacob N ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERMEDIN; CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE; FATTY ACID SYNTHASE; GLUCOSE; LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID; MALONYL COENZYME A; MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR;

ADIPOCYTE; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; FOOD INTAKE; GLUCONEOGENESIS; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS; LIPID BRAIN LEVEL; LIPODYSTROPHY; NERVE CELL; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY;

DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FATTY ACIDS; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMANS; HYPOTHALAMUS; INSULIN; LEPTIN; NEURONS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0038305627     PISSN: 10788956     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nm0603-645     Document Type: Short Survey

References (20)

1. Zhang, Y. et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 372, 425-432 (1994).
2. Obici, S., Feng, Z., Arduni, A., Conti, R. & Rossetti, L. Inhibition of hypothalamic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 decreases food intake and glucose production. Nat. Med. 9, 756-761 (2003).
3. Schwartz, M.W. Progress in the search for neuronal mechanisms coupling type 2 diabetes to obesity. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 963-964 (2001).
4. Loftus, T.M. et al. Reduced food intake and body weight in mice treated with fatty acid synthase inhibitors. Science 288, 2379-2381 (2000).
5. Obici, S. et al. Central administration of oleic acid inhibits glucose production and food intake. Diabetes 51, 271-275 (2002).
6. Wortman, R.D., Clegg, D.J., D'Alessio, D., Woods, S.C. & Seeley, R.J. C75 inhibits food intake by increasing CNS glucose metabolism. Nat Med 9, 483-485 (2003).
7. Briscoe, C.P. et al. The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40 is activated by medium and long chain fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 11303-11311 (2003).
8. Itoh, Y. et al. Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells through GPR40. Nature 422, 173-176 (2003).
9. Cowley, M.A. et al. The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis. Neuron 37, 649-661 (2003).
10. Cowley, M.A. et al. Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus. Nature 411, 480-484 (2001).
11. Marks, D.L. & Cone, R.D. Central melanocortins and the regulation of weight during acute and chronic disease. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 56, 359-375 (2001).
12. Farooqi, I.S. et al. Clinical spectrum of obesity and mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 1085-1095 (2003).
13. Obici, S. et al. Central melanocortin receptors regulate insulin action. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 1079-1085 (2001).
14. Fan, W. et al. The central melanocortin system can directly regulate serum insulin levels. Endocrinology 141, 3072-3079 (2000).
15. Kishi, T. et al. Expression of melanocortin 4 receptor mRNA in the central nervous system of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 457, 213-235 (2003).
16. Makimura, H. et al. Cerulenin mimics effects of leptin on metabolic rate, food intake, and body weight independent of the melanocortin system, but unlike leptin, cerulenin fails to block neuroendocrine effects of fasting. Diabetes 50, 733-739 (2001).
17. Shimomura, I., Hammer, R.E., Ikemoto, S., Brown, M.S. & Goldstein, J.L. Leptin reverses insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in mice with congenital lipodystrophy. Nature 401, 73-76 (1999).
18. Oral, E.A. et al. Leptin-replacement therapy for lipodystrophy. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 570-578 (2002).
19. Bernard, C. Leçons de Physiologie Experimentale Appliquée à la Médecine. (Baillière et Fils, Paris, 1855).
20. Stevenson, J.A.F. Neural control of food and water intake. in The Hypothalamus (eds. Haymaker, W., Anderson, E. & Nauta, W.J.H.) 524-621 (Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1969).