Carbon isotope geochemistry and nanomorphology of soil black carbon: Black chernozemic soils in central Europe originate from ancient biomass burning

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 70-1-70-8

  Schmidt, Michal W I ^a,b   Skjemstad, Jan O ^c   Jäger, Cornelia ^d  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^c CSIRO   (Australia)

^d FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

Author keywords

Black carbon; High resolution transmission electron spectroscopy; Raman; Soil organic matter

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; BIOMASS BURNING; BLACK CARBON; CHERNOZEM; FIRE HISTORY; PEDOGENESIS; SOIL CARBON;

(CENTRAL); EUROPE;

EID: 0038034417     PISSN: 08866236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2002gb001939     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Bell, J. C., and P. A. McDaniel, Mollisols, in Handbook of Soil Science, edited by M. E. Summer, pp. E286-E307, CRC, Boca Raton, Fla., 2000.
2. Duchaufour, P., Handbook of Pedology. Soils Vegetation. Environment., A. A. Balkema, Brookfield, Vt., 1998.
3. Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC Soil Map of the World. Revised Legend, Rome, 1994.
4. Gehrt, E., M. Geschwinde, and M. W. I. Schmidt, Neolithikum, Feuer und Tschernosem - oder: Was haben die Linienbandkeramiker mit der Schwarzerde zu tun?, Arch. Korrespondenzblatt, 32, 21-30, 2002.
5. Glaser, B., E. Balashov, L. Haumaier, G. Guggenberger, and W. Zech, Black carbon in density fractions of anthropogenic soils of the Brazilian Amazon region, Org. Geochem., 31, 669-678, 2000.
6. Goldberg, E. D., Black Carbon in the Environment, 198 pp., John Wiley, New York, 1985.
7. Häβler, H.-J., Ur- und Frühgeschichte in Niedersachsen, Theis, Stuttgart, Germany, 1991.
8. Heanes, D. L., Determination of total organic-C in soils by an improved chromic acid digestion and spectrophotometric procedure, Common. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 15, 1191-1213, 1984.
9. Jäger, C., H. Mutschke, and T. Henning, Optical properties of carbonacceaous dust analogues, Astron. Astrophys., 332, 291-299, 1998.
10. Jäger, C., T. Hennig, R. Schlögl, and O. Spillecke, Spectral properties of carbon black, J. Non Cryst. Solids, 258, 161-179, 1999.
11. Jockenhövel, A., Raum und Zeit - Gliederung der Bronzezeit, Archäol. Dtsch., Sonderheft: Bronzezeit in Deutschland, 11-14, 1994.
12. 2, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 9, 491-501, 1995.
13. 14C and biomarker evidence, Org. Geochem., 26, 353-359, 1997.
14. Masiello, C. A., and E. R. M. Druffel, Black carbon in deep sea sediments, Science, 280, 1911-1913, 1998.
15. Masiello, C. A., and E. R. M. Druffel, Carbon isotope Geochemistry of the Santa Clara River, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 407-416, 2001.
16. Matson, P. A., W. J. Parton, A. G. Power, and M. J. Swift, Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties, Science, 277, 504-509, 1997.
17. Nemanich, R. J., J. T. Glass, G. Lucovsky, and R. E. Schroder, Raman scattering characterization of carbon bonding in diamond and diamond-like thin films, J. Vacuum Sci. Technol., A6, 1783-1788, 1988.
18. Nistor, C. L., J. van Landuyt, T. V. Ralchenko, E. D. Kononenko, V. E. Obraztsova, and V. E. Strelnitsky, Direct observation of laser-induced crystallisation of a-C:H films, Appl. Phys., A58, 137-144, 1994.
19. 14C-dead living biomass: Evidence for microbial assimilation of ancient organic carbon during shale weathering, Science, 292, 1127-1131, 2001.
20. Poirier, N., S. Derenne, J.-N. Rouzaud, C. Largeau, A. Mariotti, J. Balesdent, and J. Maquet, Chemical structure and sources of the macromolecular, resistant, organic fraction isolated from a forest soil (Lacadée, south-west France), Org. Geochem., 31, 813-827, 2000.
21. Ponomarenko, E. V., and D. W. Anderson, Importance of charred organic matter in Black Chenozem soils of Saskatchewan, Can. J. Soil Sci., 81, 285-297, 2001.
22. Raymond, P. A., and J. E. Bauer, Riverine export of aged terrestrial organic matter to the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 409, 497-500, 2001.
23. Rouzaud, J. N., and A. Oberlin, Structure, microtexture, and optical properties of anthracene and saccharose based carbons, Carbon, 27, 517-529, 1989.
24. Roy, J., B. Saugier, and H. Mooney, Global Terrestrial Productivity: Past, Present and Future, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 2001.
25. Schmidt, M. W. I., and A. G. Noack, Black carbon in soils and sediments: Analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 777-794, 2000.
26. Schmidt, M. W. I., J. O. Skjemstad, E. Gehrt, and I. Kögel-Knabner, Charred organic carbon in German chemozemic soils, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 50(2), 351-365, 1999.
27. Schmidt, M. W. I., J. O. Skjemstad, C. I. Czimczik, B. Glaser, K. M. Prentice, Y. Gelinas, and T. A. J. Kuhlbusch, Comparative analysis of black carbon in soils, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 163-167, 2001.
28. Schmitz, H., Die Waldgeschichte Ostholsteins und der zeitliche Verlauf der postglazialen Transgression an der ostholsteinischen Ostseeküste, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges., 66, 151-166, 1955.
29. Skjemstad, J. O., P. Clarke, J. A. Taylor, J. M. Oades, and S. G. McClure, The chemistry and nature of protected carbon in soil, Austral. J. Soil Res., 34, 251-271, 1996.
30. 13C NMR spectroscopy, in Driven by Nature: Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition, edited by G. Cadisch and K. Giller, pp. 253-271, CAB Int., New York, 1997.
31. Stevenson, F. J., Humus Chemistry, John Wiley, New York, 1994.
32. Tinker, D. B., and D. H. Knight, Coarse woody debris following fire and logging in Wyoming Lodgepole Pine Forests, Ecosystems, 3, 472-483, 2000.