메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 854-861

Factors limiting the early survivorship of Thuja plicata on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEED; SOILS; SUBSTRATES;

EID: 0037795405     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/x03-010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0026290014 scopus 로고
    • Effects of shade and competing vegetation on growth of western redcedar regeneration
    • Adams, D., and Mahoney, R. 1991. Effects of shade and competing vegetation on growth of western redcedar regeneration. West. J. Appl. For. 6: 21-22.
    • (1991) West. J. Appl. For. , vol.6 , pp. 21-22
    • Adams, D.1    Mahoney, R.2
  • 2
    • 0021539488 scopus 로고
    • Seedling survival of tropical tree species: Interactions of dispersal distance, light-gaps, and pathogens
    • Augspurger, C.K. 1984. Seedling survival of tropical tree species: interactions of dispersal distance, light-gaps, and pathogens. Ecology, 65: 1705-1712.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1705-1712
    • Augspurger, C.K.1
  • 3
    • 0026289698 scopus 로고
    • Facilitation and interference of Quercus douglasii on understory productivity in central California
    • Callaway, R., Nadkarni, N., and Mahall, B. 1991. Facilitation and interference of Quercus douglasii on understory productivity in central California. Ecology, 72: 1484-1499.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 1484-1499
    • Callaway, R.1    Nadkarni, N.2    Mahall, B.3
  • 4
    • 0027047981 scopus 로고
    • Variation in shade tolerance of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar in coastal British Columbia
    • Carter, R.E., and Klinka, K. 1992. Variation in shade tolerance of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar in coastal British Columbia. For. Ecol. Manage. 55: 87-105.
    • (1992) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.55 , pp. 87-105
    • Carter, R.E.1    Klinka, K.2
  • 5
    • 0027090736 scopus 로고
    • Life history diversity of canopy and emergent trees in a neotropical rain forest
    • Clark, D., and Clark, D. 1992. Life history diversity of canopy and emergent trees in a neotropical rain forest. Ecol. Monogr. 62: 315-344.
    • (1992) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.62 , pp. 315-344
    • Clark, D.1    Clark, D.2
  • 6
    • 0034159881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conifer seedling response to northern temperate gaps
    • Coates, K.D. 2000. Conifer seedling response to northern temperate gaps. For. Ecol. Manage. 127(1-3): 249-269.
    • (2000) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.127 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 249-269
    • Coates, K.D.1
  • 7
    • 0033305913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of planted tree seedlings in response to ambient light levels in northwestern interior cedar-hemlock forests of British Columbia
    • Coates, K.D., and Burton, P.J. 1999. Growth of planted tree seedlings in response to ambient light levels in northwestern interior cedar-hemlock forests of British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 29: 1374-1382.
    • (1999) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 1374-1382
    • Coates, K.D.1    Burton, P.J.2
  • 8
    • 0032462578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of several methods for estimating light under a paper birch mixed-wood stand
    • Comeau, P., Gendron, F., and Letchford, T. 1998. A comparison of several methods for estimating light under a paper birch mixed-wood stand. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 1843-1850.
    • (1998) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 1843-1850
    • Comeau, P.1    Gendron, F.2    Letchford, T.3
  • 9
    • 0021567189 scopus 로고
    • A study of root and shoot competition on the growth of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) seedlings in an existing grassland using root exclusion tubes
    • Cook, S., and Ratcliff, D. 1984. A study of root and shoot competition on the growth of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) seedlings in an existing grassland using root exclusion tubes. J. Appl. Ecol. 21: 971-982.
    • (1984) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.21 , pp. 971-982
    • Cook, S.1    Ratcliff, D.2
  • 10
    • 0033810818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of root competition in forests and woodlands: A theoretical framework and review of experiments
    • Coomes, D., and Grubb, P. 2000. Impacts of root competition in forests and woodlands: a theoretical framework and review of experiments. Ecol. Monogr. 70: 171-207.
    • (2000) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.70 , pp. 171-207
    • Coomes, D.1    Grubb, P.2
  • 11
    • 0028994395 scopus 로고
    • Age structure of Thuja plicata in the tree layer of old-growth stands near Vancouver, BC
    • Daniels, L., Marshall, P., Carter, R., and Klinka, K. 1995. Age structure of Thuja plicata in the tree layer of old-growth stands near Vancouver, BC. Northwest Sci. 69: 175-183.
    • (1995) Northwest Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 175-183
    • Daniels, L.1    Marshall, P.2    Carter, R.3    Klinka, K.4
  • 12
    • 0021639823 scopus 로고
    • Effects of clearcutting and slash burning on streamwater chemistry and watershed nutrient budgets in southwestern British Columbia
    • Feller, M., and Kimmins, J.P. 1984. Effects of clearcutting and slash burning on streamwater chemistry and watershed nutrient budgets in southwestern British Columbia. Water Resour. Res. 20: 29-40.
    • (1984) Water Resour. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 29-40
    • Feller, M.1    Kimmins, J.P.2
  • 13
    • 0032413758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seedfall, seed germination, and initial survival and growth of seedlings of Thuja Plicata in southwestern British Columbia
    • Feller, M., and Klinka, K. 1998. Seedfall, seed germination, and initial survival and growth of seedlings of Thuja Plicata in southwestern British Columbia. Northwest Sci. 72: 157-169.
    • (1998) Northwest Sci. , vol.72 , pp. 157-169
    • Feller, M.1    Klinka, K.2
  • 14
    • 0034213866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sapling growth in response to light and nitrogen availability in a southern New England forest
    • Finzi, A., and Canham, C. 2000. Sapling growth in response to light and nitrogen availability in a southern New England forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 131: 153-165.
    • (2000) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.131 , pp. 153-165
    • Finzi, A.1    Canham, C.2
  • 15
    • 0027067158 scopus 로고
    • Reduced mycorrhizae on Juniperus monosperma with mistletoe: The influence of environmental stress and tree gender on a plant parasite and a plant-fungal mutualism
    • Gehring, A., and Whitham, T.G. 1992. Reduced mycorrhizae on Juniperus monosperma with mistletoe: the influence of environmental stress and tree gender on a plant parasite and a plant-fungal mutualism. Oecologia, 89: 298-303.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.89 , pp. 298-303
    • Gehring, A.1    Whitham, T.G.2
  • 16
    • 0024226388 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to sun and shade: A whole-plant perspective
    • Givnish, T.J. 1988. Adaptation to sun and shade: a whole-plant perspective. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 15: 63-92.
    • (1988) Aust. J. Plant Physiol. , vol.15 , pp. 63-92
    • Givnish, T.J.1
  • 17
    • 0031967351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed size and shade-tolerance: A comparative analysis of North American temperate trees
    • Hewitt, N. 1998. Seed size and shade-tolerance: a comparative analysis of North American temperate trees. Oecologia, 114: 432-440.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.114 , pp. 432-440
    • Hewitt, N.1
  • 19
    • 51249187039 scopus 로고
    • Eco-physiological studies on the response of taxoiaceous conifers to shading, with special reference to the behaviour of leaf pigments. 1. Distribution of cartenoids in green and autumnal reddish-brown leaves of gymnosperms
    • Ida, K. 1981. Eco-physiological studies on the response of taxoiaceous conifers to shading, with special reference to the behaviour of leaf pigments. 1. Distribution of cartenoids in green and autumnal reddish-brown leaves of gymnosperms. Bot. Mag. 94: 41-54.
    • (1981) Bot. Mag. , vol.94 , pp. 41-54
    • Ida, K.1
  • 20
    • 0028974772 scopus 로고
    • Lessons from lysimeters: Soil N release from disturbance compromises controlled environment study
    • Johnson, D., Walker, R., and Ball, J. 1995. Lessons from lysimeters: soil N release from disturbance compromises controlled environment study. Ecol. Appl. 5: 395-400.
    • (1995) Ecol. Appl. , vol.5 , pp. 395-400
    • Johnson, D.1    Walker, R.2    Ball, J.3
  • 22
    • 0027803498 scopus 로고
    • Mass and nutrient content of woody debris and forest floor in western red cedar and western hemlock forests on northern Vancouver Island
    • Keenan, R., Prescott, C., and Kimmins, J.P. 1993. Mass and nutrient content of woody debris and forest floor in western red cedar and western hemlock forests on northern Vancouver Island. Can. J. For. Res. 23: 1052-1059.
    • (1993) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 1052-1059
    • Keenan, R.1    Prescott, C.2    Kimmins, J.P.3
  • 23
    • 0033993879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of shading on morphology, chlorophyll concentration, and chlorophyll flourescence of four Pacific Northwest conifer species
    • Khan, S., Rose, R., Haase, D., and Sabin, T. 2000. Effects of shading on morphology, chlorophyll concentration, and chlorophyll flourescence of four Pacific Northwest conifer species. New For. 19: 171-186.
    • (2000) New For. , vol.19 , pp. 171-186
    • Khan, S.1    Rose, R.2    Haase, D.3    Sabin, T.4
  • 24
    • 0027065164 scopus 로고
    • Light-growth response relationships in Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa)
    • Klinka, K., Wang, W., Kayahara, G., Carter, R., and Blackwell, B. 1992. Light-growth response relationships in Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa). Can. J. Bot. 70: 1919-1930.
    • (1992) Can. J. Bot. , vol.70 , pp. 1919-1930
    • Klinka, K.1    Wang, W.2    Kayahara, G.3    Carter, R.4    Blackwell, B.5
  • 25
    • 0030749129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate allocation to storage as a basis of interspecific variation in sapling survivorship and growth
    • Kobe, R. 1997. Carbohydrate allocation to storage as a basis of interspecific variation in sapling survivorship and growth. Oikos, 80: 226-233.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.80 , pp. 226-233
    • Kobe, R.1
  • 26
    • 0032945512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light gradient partitioning among tropical tree species through differential seedling mortality and growth
    • Kobe, R. 1999. Light gradient partitioning among tropical tree species through differential seedling mortality and growth. Ecology, 80: 187-201.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 187-201
    • Kobe, R.1
  • 27
    • 0030618287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models of sapling mortality as a function of growth to characterize interspecific variation in shade tolerance of eight tree species of northwestern British Columbia
    • Kobe, R., and Coates, K.D. 1997. Models of sapling mortality as a function of growth to characterize interspecific variation in shade tolerance of eight tree species of northwestern British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 227-236.
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 227-236
    • Kobe, R.1    Coates, K.D.2
  • 28
    • 0028974612 scopus 로고
    • Juvenile tree survivorship as a component of shade tolerance
    • Kobe, R., Pacala, S., Silander, J., and Canham, C. 1995. Juvenile tree survivorship as a component of shade tolerance. Ecol. Appl. 5: 517-532.
    • (1995) Ecol. Appl. , vol.5 , pp. 517-532
    • Kobe, R.1    Pacala, S.2    Silander, J.3    Canham, C.4
  • 29
    • 0022206075 scopus 로고
    • Mycorrhizal responsiveness of Thuja, Calocedrus, Sequoia, and Sequoiadendron species of western North America
    • Kough, J., Molina, R., and Linderman, R. 1985. Mycorrhizal responsiveness of Thuja, Calocedrus, Sequoia, and Sequoiadendron species of western North America. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 1049-1054.
    • (1985) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 1049-1054
    • Kough, J.1    Molina, R.2    Linderman, R.3
  • 30
    • 0002549999 scopus 로고
    • Biogeoclimatic zones in British Columbia
    • Krajina, V.J. 1965. Biogeoclimatic zones in British Columbia. Ecol. West. N. Am. 1: 1-17.
    • (1965) Ecol. West. N. Am. , vol.1 , pp. 1-17
    • Krajina, V.J.1
  • 31
    • 0027085109 scopus 로고
    • Co-occuring tree species change rank in seedling performance with resources varied experimentally
    • Latham, R. 1992. Co-occuring tree species change rank in seedling performance with resources varied experimentally. Ecology, 73: 2129-2144.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 2129-2144
    • Latham, R.1
  • 32
    • 0030389708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irrandiance and spectral quality affect Asian tropical rain forest tree seedling development
    • Lee, D., Baskaran, K., Mansor, M., Mohamad, H., and Yap, S.K. 1996. Irrandiance and spectral quality affect Asian tropical rain forest tree seedling development. Ecology, 77: 568-580.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 568-580
    • Lee, D.1    Baskaran, K.2    Mansor, M.3    Mohamad, H.4    Yap, S.K.5
  • 34
    • 0001074788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply - The effects of direct-beam light on overcast-day estimates of light availability: On the accuracy of the instantaneous one-point overcast-sky conditions method to estimate mean daily %PPFD under heterogenous over-story canopy conditions
    • Messier, C., and Parent, S. 1997. Reply - The effects of direct-beam light on overcast-day estimates of light availability: on the accuracy of the instantaneous one-point overcast-sky conditions method to estimate mean daily %PPFD under heterogenous over-story canopy conditions. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 274-275.
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 274-275
    • Messier, C.1    Parent, S.2
  • 35
    • 0032790547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional ecology of advance regeneration in relation to light in boreal forests
    • Messier, C., Doucet, R., Ruel, J.C., Claveau, Y., Kelly, C., and Lechowicz, M. 1999. Functional ecology of advance regeneration in relation to light in boreal forests. Can. J. For. Res. 29: 812-823.
    • (1999) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 812-823
    • Messier, C.1    Doucet, R.2    Ruel, J.C.3    Claveau, Y.4    Kelly, C.5    Lechowicz, M.6
  • 37
    • 0030794776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of foliar nitrogen in light harvesting and shade tolerance of four temperate deciduous woody species
    • Niinemets, U. 1997. Role of foliar nitrogen in light harvesting and shade tolerance of four temperate deciduous woody species. Funct. Ecol. 11: 518-531.
    • (1997) Funct. Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 518-531
    • Niinemets, U.1
  • 39
    • 0029667145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple and efficient method to estimate microsite light availability under a forest canopy
    • Parent, S., and Messier, C. 1996. A simple and efficient method to estimate microsite light availability under a forest canopy. Can. J. For. Res. 26: 151-154.
    • (1996) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 151-154
    • Parent, S.1    Messier, C.2
  • 40
    • 0006317326 scopus 로고
    • Allelopathic effects on mycorrhizae. Influence on structure and dynamics of forest ecosystems
    • Allelochemicals: role in agriculture and forestry. Vol. 17. Edited by G. Waller. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
    • Perry, D., and Choquette, C. 1987. Allelopathic effects on mycorrhizae. Influence on structure and dynamics of forest ecosystems. In Allelochemicals: role in agriculture and forestry. Vol. 17. Edited by G. Waller. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. No. 330. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
    • (1987) Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. No. 330 , vol.330
    • Perry, D.1    Choquette, C.2
  • 41
    • 0023511165 scopus 로고
    • Biogeoclimatic classification in British Columbia
    • Pojar, J., Klinka, K., and Meidinger, D. 1987. Biogeoclimatic classification in British Columbia. For. Ecol. Manage. 22: 119-154.
    • (1987) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.22 , pp. 119-154
    • Pojar, J.1    Klinka, K.2    Meidinger, D.3
  • 42
    • 0032421109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-year growth response of western red cedar, western hemlock, and amabilis fir to chemical and organic fertilizers
    • Prescott, C.E., and Brown, S.M. 1998. Five-year growth response of western red cedar, western hemlock, and amabilis fir to chemical and organic fertilizers. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 1328-1334.
    • (1998) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 1328-1334
    • Prescott, C.E.1    Brown, S.M.2
  • 45
    • 0031822188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Close association of RGR, leaf and root morphology, seed mass and shade tolerance in seedlings of nine boreal tree species grown in high and low light
    • Reich, P., Tjoelker, M., Wakers, M., Vanderklein, D., and Buschena, C. 1998. Close association of RGR, leaf and root morphology, seed mass and shade tolerance in seedlings of nine boreal tree species grown in high and low light. Funct. Ecol. 12: 327-338.
    • (1998) Funct. Ecol. , vol.12 , pp. 327-338
    • Reich, P.1    Tjoelker, M.2    Wakers, M.3    Vanderklein, D.4    Buschena, C.5
  • 48
    • 0027331271 scopus 로고
    • Fine root dynamics following single and multiple disturbances in a subtropical wet forest ecosystem
    • Silver, W., and Vogt, K. 1993. Fine root dynamics following single and multiple disturbances in a subtropical wet forest ecosystem. J. Ecol. 81: 729-738.
    • (1993) J. Ecol. , vol.81 , pp. 729-738
    • Silver, W.1    Vogt, K.2
  • 51
    • 0018729569 scopus 로고
    • Nitrate losses from disturbed forests: Patterns and mechanisms
    • Vitousek, P., and Melillo, J. 1979. Nitrate losses from disturbed forests: patterns and mechanisms. For. Sci. 25: 605-619.
    • (1979) For. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 605-619
    • Vitousek, P.1    Melillo, J.2
  • 53
    • 0001095175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are shade tolerance, survival, and growth linked? Low light and nitrogen effects on hardwood seedlings
    • Walters, M., and Reich, P. 1996. Are shade tolerance, survival, and growth linked? Low light and nitrogen effects on hardwood seedlings. Ecology, 77: 841-853.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 841-853
    • Walters, M.1    Reich, P.2
  • 54
    • 0030618288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of Acer saccharum seedlings in deeply shaded understories of northern Wisconsin: Effects of nitrogen and water availability
    • Walters, M., and Reich, P. 1997. Growth of Acer saccharum seedlings in deeply shaded understories of northern Wisconsin: effects of nitrogen and water availability. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 237-247.
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 237-247
    • Walters, M.1    Reich, P.2
  • 55
    • 0033942045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed size, nitrogen supply, and growth rate affect tree seedling survival in deep shade
    • Walters, M., and Reich, P. 2000. Seed size, nitrogen supply, and growth rate affect tree seedling survival in deep shade. Ecology, 81: 1887-1901.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 1887-1901
    • Walters, M.1    Reich, P.2
  • 56
    • 0027795920 scopus 로고
    • 2 exchange of northern hardwood seedlings in high and low light: Relationships with successional status and shade tolerance
    • 2 exchange of northern hardwood seedlings in high and low light: relationships with successional status and shade tolerance. Oecologia, 94: 7-16.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.94 , pp. 7-16
    • Walters, M.1    Kruger, E.2    Reich, P.3
  • 57
    • 0028161003 scopus 로고
    • Growth of Thuja plicata seedlings along a light gradient
    • Wang, G., Qian, H., and Klinka, K. 1994. Growth of Thuja plicata seedlings along a light gradient. Can. J. Bot. 72: 1749-1757.
    • (1994) Can. J. Bot. , vol.72 , pp. 1749-1757
    • Wang, G.1    Qian, H.2    Klinka, K.3
  • 58
    • 84989026702 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic acclimation to low temperature by western red cedar seedlings
    • Weger, H., Silim, S., and Guy, R. 1993. Photosynthetic acclimation to low temperature by western red cedar seedlings. Plant Cell Environ. 16: 711-717.
    • (1993) Plant Cell Environ. , vol.16 , pp. 711-717
    • Weger, H.1    Silim, S.2    Guy, R.3
  • 59
    • 0002178779 scopus 로고
    • The biochemical ecology of higher plants
    • Edited by E. Sondheimer and J. Simeone. Academic Press, Inc., New York
    • Whittaker, R.H. 1970. The biochemical ecology of higher plants. In Chemical ecology. Edited by E. Sondheimer and J. Simeone. Academic Press, Inc., New York. pp. 43-70.
    • (1970) Chemical Ecology , pp. 43-70
    • Whittaker, R.H.1
  • 60
    • 0031741303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species variability in growth response to light across climatic regions in northwestern British Columbia
    • Wright, E.F., Coates, K.D., Canham, C.D., and Bartemucci, P. 1998a. Species variability in growth response to light across climatic regions in northwestern British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 871-886.
    • (1998) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 871-886
    • Wright, E.F.1    Coates, K.D.2    Canham, C.D.3    Bartemucci, P.4
  • 61
    • 0032422373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration from seed of six tree species in the interior cedar-hemlock forests of British Columbia as affected by substrate and canopy gap position
    • Wright, E.F., Coates, K.D., and Bartemucci, P. 1998b. Regeneration from seed of six tree species in the interior cedar-hemlock forests of British Columbia as affected by substrate and canopy gap position. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 1352-1364.
    • (1998) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 1352-1364
    • Wright, E.F.1    Coates, K.D.2    Bartemucci, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.