Ionic liquid as an efficient promoting medium for two-phase nucleophilic displacement reactions

Tetrahedron

Volumn 59, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 789-794

  Lourenço, Nuno M T ^a   Afonso, Carlos A M ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Alkyl azide; Alkyl cyanide; Alkyl iodide; Aryl alkyl ether; Ionic liquids; Nucleophilic substitution; Recycling; Schiff base

Indexed keywords

AZIDE; IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE; SOLVENT;

ALKYLATION; AQUEOUS SOLUTION; ARTICLE; CATALYSIS; CATALYST; LIQUID; PHASE TRANSITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ROOM TEMPERATURE; SUBSTITUTION REACTION;

EID: 0037415491     PISSN: 00404020     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(02)01621-6     Document Type: Article

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24. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
25. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
26. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
27. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
28. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
29. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
30. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
31. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
32. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
33. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
34. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
35. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
36. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
37. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
38. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
39. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
40. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
41. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
42. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
43. For other more recent examples see: (c) Handy S.T., Zhang X. Org. Lett. 3:2001;233 (d) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;403 (e) Wasserscheid P., Waffenschmidt H., Machnitzki P., Kottsieper K.W., Stelzer O. Chem. Commun. 2001;451 (f) Rosa J.N., Afonso C.A.M., Santos A.G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4189 (g) Branco L.C., Afonso C.A.M. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;4405 (h) Calò V., Nacci A., Lopez L., Napola A. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4701 (i) Peng J., Deng Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;5917 (j) Hagiwara H., Shimizu Y., Hoshi T., Suzuki T., Ando M., Ohkubo K., Yokoyama C. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;4349 (k) Morrison D.W., Forbes D.C., Davis J.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 42:2001;6053 (l) Dyson P., Ellis D., Welton T. Can. J. Chem. 79:2001;705 (m) Buijsman R.C., van Vuuren E., Sterrenburg J.G. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3785 (n) Fraile J.M., Garcia J.I., Herreias C.I., Mayoral J.A., Carrié D., Vaultier M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1891 (o) Berger A., de Souza R.F., Delgado M.R., Dupont J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;1825 (p) Sémeril D., Olivier-Bourbigou H., Bruneau C., Dixneuf P.H. Chem. Commun. 2002;146 (q) Namboodiri V.V., Varma R.S. Chem. Commun. 2002;342 (r) Farmer V., Welton T. Green Chem. 4:2002;97 (s) Kmentová I., Gotov B., Solcániová E., Toma S. Green Chem. 4:2002;103 (t) Seddon K., Stark A. Green Chem. 4:2002;119 (u) Ross J., Xiao J. Green Chem. 4:2002;129 (v) Ohara H., Kiyokane H., Itoh T. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;3041 (w) Ansari I.A., Gree R. Org. Lett. 4:2002;1507 (x) Dupont J., Fonseca G.S., Umpierre A.P., Fichtner P.F.P., Teixeira S.R. J. Am Chem. Soc. 124:2002;4228.
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