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Ye GY, Tu J, Hu C, Datta K, Datta SK: Transgenic IR72 with fused Bt gene cry1Ab/cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis is resistant against four Lepidopteran species under field conditions. Plant Biotechnol 2001, 18:125-133. In Asia, IR72 is one of the most widely grown Indica rice varieties and is the parent line for many locally adapted varieties. These authors conducted field tests in Hangzhou, China, on two transgenic IR72 lines carrying a fused Bt gene, cry1Ab::cry1Ac. The resistance of these lines to both natural and artificial infestations of four common Lepidopteran pests was assessed. Both transgenic lines were highly resistant to herbivory, whereas controls showed serious damage. The authors note that insecticide-treated non-transgenic rice growing in fields close to the trial plots was damaged by brown plant hoppers following insecticide treatment. Such insecticide-induced pest infestations are common in Asia but did not occur in the Bt-rice plots.
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Singh S, Sidhu JS, Huang N, Vikal Y, Li Z, Brar DS, Dhaliwal HS, Khush GS: Pyramiding three bacterial blight resistance genes (xa5, xa13 and Xa21) using marker-assisted selection into indica rice cultivar PR106. Theor Appl Genet 2001, 102:1011-1015.
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Kanampiu FK, Ranson JK, Gressel J, Jewell D, Friesen D, Grimanelli D, Hoisington D: Appropriateness of biotechnology to African agriculture: Striga and maize as paradigms. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 2002, 69:105-110. These authors developed a method of coating small amounts of acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides onto biotechnically produced (non-transgenic) imidazolinone-resistant maize seed. This strategy produced excellent control of Striga using a minimal amount of herbicide. In farmers' fields, the treated seed had no effect on cowpeas and beans, which are commonly intercropped with maize in Africa. Local seed companies in Kenya are keenly interested in the technology.
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Ribaut J-M, Banziger M, Betran J, Jinang C, Edmeades GO, Dreher K, Hosington D: Use of molecular markers in plant breeding: drought tolerance improvement in tropical maize. In Quantitative Genetics, Genomics and Plant Breeding. Edited by Kang MS. Wallingford, UK: CABI international; 2002:85-99. The authors provide an insightful review of work carried out since 1994 on manipulating QTLs in a crop improvement program. Although the work that they illustrate has been successful, they enumerate the lessons learned and the limitations of the MAS approach in improving drought tolerance in maize. They provide an estimate of the cost of applying MAS in a breeding program, a relative rarity in the literature. This information is sobering in light of the levels of research funding in developing countries and international research centers alike. The authors also provide an indication of future plans to overcome this and other limitations. One notable piece of work currently in progress is the construction of a public-domain-based 'consensus map' for drought tolerance in maize.
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Kebede H, Subudhi PK, Rosenow DT, Nguyen HT: Quantitative trait loci influencing drought tolerance in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Theor Appl Genet 2001, 103:266-276.
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Sanchez AC, Subudhi PK, Rosenow DT, Nguyen HT: Mapping QTLs associated with drought tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Plant Mol Biol 2002, 48:713-726. The authors provide an extensive review of the association of the 'stay-green' trait with drought toterance in sorghum and of efforts to tag relevant and useful QTLs for application in MAS.
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West KP: Extent of vitamin A deficiency among preschool children and women of reproductive age. J Nutrition 2002, 132:2857S-2866S. Knowledge of the extent of vitamin A deficiency is crucial for identifying high-risk populations and mobilizing resources for prevention. This report provides the most recent estimates of prevalence and numbers of preschool-aged children suffering from vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia by region for selected countries.
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Beyer P, Al-Babili S, Ye X, Lucca P, Schaub P, Welsch R, Potrykus I: Golden Rice: introducing the β-carotene biosynthesis pathway into rice endosperm by genetic engineering to defeat vitamin A deficiency. J Nutrition 2002, 132:506S-510S. This report provides an excellent update on progress made in advancing Golden Rice. The authors present new transgenic lines that are ready for use in breeding programs and for regulatory approval.
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