Using rewards to teach students with disabilities implications for motivation

Remedial and Special Education

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 88-96

  Witzel, Bradley S ^a   Mercer, Cecil D ^b  

^a WINTHROP UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037354193     PISSN: 07419325     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/07419325030240020401     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Adams, J. S. (1963). Toward an understanding of inequality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 422-436.
2. Alber, S. R., Heward, W. L., & Hippler, B. J. (1999). Teaching middle school students with learning disabilities to recruit positive teacher attention. Exceptional Children, 65, 253-270.
3. Ames, R., & Ames, C. (1991). Motivation and effective teaching. In L. Idol & B. F. Jones (Eds.), Educational values and cognitive instruction: Implications for reform (pp. 247-271). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
4. Argyris, C. (1957). Personality and organization. New York: Harper & Row.
5. Billingsley, B. S. (1993). Teacher retention and attrition in special and general education: A critical review of the literature. The Journal of Special Education, 27, 137-174.
6. Billingsley, B. S., & Cross, L. H. (1991). Teachers' decisions to transfer from special to general education. The Journal of Special Education, 24, 496-511.
7. Bondy, E., Ross, D. D., Sindelar, P. T., & Griffin, C. (1995). Elementary and special educators learning to work together: Team building processes. Teacher Education and Special Education, 18, 91-102.
8. Brownell, M. T., Smith, S., McNellis, J., & Miller, M. D. (1997). Attrition in special education: Why teachers leave the classroom and where they go. Exceptionality, 7, 143-155.
9. Cameron, J., & Pierce, W. D. (1994). Reinforcement, reward, and intrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 64, 363-423.
10. Cameron, J., & Pierce, W. D. (1996). The debate about rewards and intrinsic motivation: Protests and accusations do not alter the results. Review of Educational Research, 66, 39-51.
11. Carr, E. G., Dunlap, G., Horner, R. H., Koegel, R. L., Turnbull, A. P., Sailor. W., et al. (2002). Positive behavior support: Evolution of an applied science. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 4, 4-16.
12. Chapman, J. W. (1989). Learning disabled children's self-concepts. Review of Educational Research, 58, 347-171.
13. Cipani, E. (1998). Three behavioral functions of classroom noncompliance: Diagnostic and treatment implications. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 13, 66-72.
14. Cook, D. A. (1993). Behaviorism evolves. Educational Technology, 33(10), 62-77.
15. Deci, E. L., Hodges. R., Pierson, L., & Tomassone, J. (1992). Autonomy and competence as motivational factors in students with learning disabilities and emotional handicaps. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 457-71.
16. Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 627-668.
17. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). The initiation and regulation of intrinsically motivated learning and achievement. In A. Boggiano & T. Pittman (Eds.), Achievement and motivation: A social developmental perspective (pp. 9-36). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
18. Dweck, C. S., & Elliott, E. S. (1983). Achievement motivation. In P. Mussen & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 643-691). New York: Wiley.
19. Eisenberger, R., Pierce, W. D., & Cameron, J. (1999). Effects of reward on intrinsic motivation - negative, neutral, and positive: Comment on Deci, Koestner, and Ryan. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 677-691.
20. Fisher, W. W., Ninness, H. A. C., Piazza, C. C., & Owen-DeSchryver, J. S. (1996). On the reinforcing effects of the content of verbal attention. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 235-238.
21. Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1990). Self-perceptions, motivation, and adjustments in children with learning disabilities: A multiple group comparison study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 177-184.
22. Grossman, H. (1990). Trouble-free teaching: Solutions to behavior problems in the classrooms. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
23. Hamill, L., & Everington, C. (2002). Teaching students with moderate to severe disabilities: An applied approach for inclusive environments. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.
24. Iwata, B., Dorsey, M., Slifer, K., Bauman, K., & Richman, G. (1982). Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 2, 3-20.
25. Kaplan, H., Hemmes, N. S., Motz, P., & Rodriguez, H. (1996). Self-reinforcement and persons with developmental disabilities. The Psychological Record, 46. 161-178.
26. Kohn, A. (1995). Discipline is the problem - not the solution. Learning, 24(3), 34.
27. Kohn, A. (1999). Punished by rewards: The trouble with gold stars, incentive plans, A's, praise, and other bribes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
28. Lepper, M. R., Henderlong, J., & Gringas, I. (1999). Understanding the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation - uses and abuses of meta-analysis: Comment on Deci, Koestner, and Ryan. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 669-676.
29. Lepper, M. R., Kearney, M., & Drake, M. (1996). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards: A commentary on Cameron and Pierce's meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 1-4.
30. Lerner, M. J. (1974). The justice motive: "Equity" and "parity" among children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 29, 539-550.
31. Lewis, S. K., & Lawrence-Patterson, E. L. (1989). Locus of control of children with learning disabilities and perceived locus of control by significant others. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 155-157.
32. Maag, J. W. (2001). Rewarded by punishment: Reflections on the disuse of positive reinforcement in schools. Exceptional Children, 67, 173-186.
33. Mace, F. C., Page, T. J., Ivancic, M. T., & O'Brien, S. (1986). Analysis of environmental determinants of aggression and disruption in mentally retarded children. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 7, 203-221.
34. Maslow, A. H. (1962). Toward a psychology of being. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
35. McNinch, G. W. (1997). Earning by learning: Changing attitudes and habits in reading. Reading Horizons. 37, 186-194.
36. McQuillan, J. (1997). The effects of incentives on reading. Reading Research and Instruction, 36, 111-125.
37. Neef, N. A., Mace, F. C., Shea, M. C., & Shade, D. (1992). Effects of reinforcer rate and reinforcer quality on time allocation: Extensions of matching theory to educational settings. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 691-699.
38. Newby, T. J. (1991). Classroom motivation: Strategies of first-year teachers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 195-200.
39. Nicholls, J. G. (1978). The development of the concepts of effort and ability, perception of academic attainment, and the understanding that difficult tasks require more ability. Child Development, 49, 800-814.
40. Nicholls, J. G. (1992). The general and the specific in the development and expression of achievement motivation. In G. C. Roberts (Ed.), Motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 31-56). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
41. Palardy, M. J. (1988). Behaviorism: An approach to more effective discipline? Teacher Educator, 24, 10-15.
42. Palardy, M. (1997). 15 strategies for motivating students. Principal, 70(4), 20-22.
43. Richardson, V. (1996). From behaviorism to constructivism in teacher education. Teacher Education and Special Education, 19, 263-271.
44. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1996). When paradigms clash: Comments on Cameron and Pierce's claim that rewards do not undermine intrinsic motivation. Review of Educational Research, 66, 33-38.
45. Sax, R., & Kohn, A. (1996). Should we pay kids to learn? Learning, 24(5), 6-7.
46. Schermertorn, J. R., Jr., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (1995). Basic organizational behavior. New York: Wiley.
47. Schultz, W., Tremblay, L., & Hollerman, J. R. (2000). Rewards processing in primate orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 272-283.
48. Settle, S. A., & Milich, R. (1999). Social persistence following failure in boys and girls with LD. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 32, 201-212.
49. Snell, M. E., & Brown, F. (2000). Instruction of students with severe disabilities (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.
50. Sprick, R., Garrison, M., & Howard, L. (1998). Champs: A proactive and positive approach to classroom management. Longmont, CO: Sopris West.
51. Sprinthall, N. A., Sprinthall, R. C., & Oja, S. N. (1998). Educational psychology: A developmental approach (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
52. Vander Will, J. (1996). Beyond stickers and popcorn parties. Dimensions of Early Childhood, 24, 17-20.
53. Veenman, S. (1984). Perceived problems of beginning teachers. Review of Educational Research, 54, 143-178.
54. Zeichner, K. M. (1999). Traditions of practice in U.S. preservice teacher education programs. Teaching and Teacher Education, 9, 1-13.