Analgesic effects of adrenal chromaffin allografts: Contingent on special procedures or due to experimenter bias?

Journal of Pain

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 64-73

  Lindner, Mark D ^a,b   Frydel, Beata R ^a   Francis, Jonathan M ^a   Cain, Chris K ^a  

^a CytoTherapeutics Inc   (United States)

^b BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB   (United States)

Author keywords

Adrenal; Allografts; Analgesia; Chromaffin; Experimenter bias

Indexed keywords

FORMALDEHYDE; MORPHINE;

ALLOGRAFT; ANALGESIA; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CELL TRANSPLANTATION; CELL VIABILITY; CHROMAFFIN CELL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG MECHANISM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HYPERALGESIA; IMPLANT; MALE; NONHUMAN; OBSERVER VARIATION; PAIN; RAT; RELIABILITY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICS;

EID: 0037343144     PISSN: 15265900     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1054/jpai.2003.6     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Aebischer P, Buchser E, Joseph JM, Favre J, De Tribolet N, Lysaght M, Rudnick S, Goddard M: Transplantation in humans of encapsulated xenogeneic cells without immunosuppression: A preliminary report. Transplantation 58:1275-1277, 1994
2. Anastasi A: Psychological Testing. New York, NY, Macmillan Publishing Co, Inc, 1982
3. Bès JC, Tkaczuk J, Czech KA, Tafani M, Bastide R, Caratero C, Pappas GD, Lazorthes Y: One-year chromaffin cell allograft survival in cancer patients with chronic pain: Morphological and functional evidence. Cell Transplant 7:227-238, 1998
4. Bresjanac M, Sagen J, Seigel G, Paino CL, Kordower J, Gash DM: Xenogeneic adrenal medulla graft rejection rather than survival leads to increased rat striatal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56:490-498, 1997
5. Buchser E, Goddard M, Heyd B, Joseph JM, Favre J, deTribolet N, Lysaght M, Aebischer P: Immunoisolated xenogeneic chromaffin cell therapy for chronic pain: Initial clinical experience. Anesthesiology 85:1005-1012, 1996
6. Caspi O, Millen C, Sechrest L: Integrity and research: Introducing the concept of dual blindness - How blind are double-blind clinical trials in alternative medicine? J Altern Complement Med 6:493-498, 2000
7. Décosterd I, Buchser E, Gilliard N, Saydoff J, Zurn A, Aebischer P: Intrathecal implants of bovine chromaffin cells alleviate mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pain 76:159-166, 1998
8. Fisher S, Greenberg RP: How sound is the double-blind design for evaluating psychotropic drugs? J Nerv Ment Dis 181:345-350, 1993
9. Foley KM, Yaksh TL: Another call for patience instead of patients: Developing novel therapies for chronic pain. Anesthesiology 79:637-640, 1993
10. Hains BC, Chastain KM, Everhart AW, McAdoo DJ, Hulsebosch CE: Transplants of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells reduce forelimb and hindlimb allodynia in a rodent model of chronic central pain after spinal cord hemisection injury. Exp Neurol 164:426-437, 2000
11. Hama AT, Sagen J: Reduced pain-related behavior by adrenal medullary transplants in rats with experimental painful peripheral neuropathy. Pain 52:223-231, 1993
12. Hama AT, Sagen J: Alleviation of neuropathic pain symptoms by xenogeneic chromaffin cell grafts in the spinal subarachnoid space. Brain Res 651:183-193, 1994
13. Hama AT, Sagen J: Induction of spinal NADPH-diaphorase by nerve injury is attenuated by adrenal medullary transplants. Brain Res 640:345-351, 1994
14. Hama AT, Unnerstall JR, Siegan JB, Sagen J: Modulation of NMDA receptor expression in the rat spinal cord by peripheral nerve injury and adrenal medullary grafting. Brain Res 687:103-113, 1995
15. Hentall ID, Sagen J: The alleviation of pain by cell transplantation. Prog Brain Res 127:535-550, 2000
16. Hogan K, Abram SE: Transplantation in humans of encapsulated xenogeneic cells without immunosuppression: A preliminary report. Transplantation 85:29A-30A, 1994
17. Ibuki T, Hama AT, Wang XT, Pappas GD, Sagen J: Loss of GABA-immunoreactivity in the spinal dorsal horn of rats with peripheral nerve injury and promotion of recovery by adrenal medullary grafts. Neuroscience 76:845-858, 1997
18. Jackson C, Eisenach JC: Neurotoxicity and lack of analgesia from chronic spinal implants of chromaffin cells. Reg Anesth 21:106, 1996
19. Lazorthes Y, Bès JC, Sagen J, Tafani M, Tkaczuk J, Sallerin B, Nahri I, Verdié JC, Ohayon E, Caratero C, Pappas GD: Transplantation of human chromaffin cells for control of intractable cancer pain, in Meyerson BA, Ostertag C (eds): Advances in Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 11. New York, NY, Springer-Verlag, 1995, pp 97-100
20. Lazorthes Y, Sagen J, Sallerin B, Tkaczuk J, Duplan H, Sol J, Tafani M, Bes J: Human chromaffin cell graft into the CSF for cancer pain management: A prospective phase II clinical study. Pain 87:19-32, 2000
21. Lindner MD, Francis JM, McDermott PE, Bell WJ, Blaney TJ, Sherman SS, Saydoff JA: Numerous adrenal chromaffin cell preparations fail to produce analgesic effects in the formalin test or in tests of acute pain even with nicotine stimulation. Pain 88:177-188, 2000
22. Lindner MD, Francis JM, Plone MA, McDermott PE, Frydel BR, Emerich DF, Saydoff JA: The analgesic potential of intraventricular polymer-encapsulated adrenal chromaffin cells in a rodent model of chronic neuropathic pain. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 8:524-538, 2000
23. Lindner MD, Francis JM, Saydoff JA: Intrathecal polymerencapsulated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells fail to produce analgesic effects in the hotplate and formalin test. Exp Neurol 165:370-383, 2000
24. Lindner MD, Frydel B, Kaplan FA, Krueger PM, Bell WJ, Blaney TJ, Winn SR, Sherman SS, Doherty EJ, Emerich DF: Intraventricular encapsulated calf adrenal chromaffin cells: Viable for at least 500 days in vivo without detectable adverse effects on behavioral/cognitive function or host immune sensitization in rats. Restor Neurol Neurosci 11:21-35, 1997
25. Lindner MD, Saydoff JA: Letter: Response to Yeomans, Lu and Pappas. Pain 95:192-194, 2002
26. Michalewicz P, Laurito CE, Pappas GD, Lu Y, Yeomans DC: Purification of adrenal chromaffin cells increases antinociceptive efficacy of xenotransplants without immunosuppression. Cell Transplant 8:103-109, 1999
27. Ortega-Alvaro A, Gibert-Rahola J, Chover AJ, Tejedor-Real P, Casas J, Mico JA: Effect of amitriptyline on the analgesia induced by adrenal medullary tissue transplanted in the rat spinal subarachnoid space as measured by an experimental model of acute pain. Exp Neurol 130:9-14, 1994
28. Ortega-Alvaro A, Gibert-Rahola J, Mellado-Fernandez ML, Chover AJ, Mico JA: The effects of different monoaminergic antidepressants on the analgesia induced by spinal cord adrenal medullary transplants in the formalin test in rats. Anesth Analg 84:816-820, 1997
29. Pappas GD, Lazorthes Y, Bès JC, Tafani M, Winnie AP: Relief of intractable cancer pain by human chromaffin cell transplants: Experience at two medical centers. Neurol Res 19:71-77, 1997
30. Rosenthal R: Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research. New York, NY, Appleton Century Crofts (Division of Meredith Publishing Co), 1966
31. Rosenthal R, Fode KL: The effect of experimenter bias on the performance of the albino rat. Behav Sci 8:183-189, 1963
32. Rosenthal R, Lawson R: A longitudinal study of the effects of experimenter bias on the operant learning of laboratory rats. J Psychiatr Res 2:61-72, 1963
33. Rostand J: Error and Deception in Science. New York, NY, Basic Books, 1960
34. Sagen J, Kemmler JE: Increased levels of Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord CSF of rats with adrenal medullary transplants. Brain Res 502:1-10, 1989
35. Sagen J, Kemmler JE, Wang H: Adrenal medullary transplants increase spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid catecholamine levels and reduce pain sensitivity. J Neurochem 56:623-627, 1991
36. Sagen J, Ortega JD, Pappas GD: Neuropeptide and catecholamine delivery to central nervous system by implanted chromaffin cells. Methods Neurosci 21:348-368, 1994
37. Sagen J, Pappas GD, Perlow MJ: Adrenal medullary tissue transplants in the rat spinal cord reduce pain sensitivity. Brain Res 384:189-194, 1986
38. Sagen J, Pappas GD, Winnie AP: Alleviation of pain in cancer patients by adrenal medullary transplants in the spinal subarachnoid space. Cell Transplant 2:259-266, 1993
39. Sagen J, Wang H, Pappas GD: Adrenal medullary implants in the rat spinal cord reduce nociception in a chronic pain model. Pain 42:69-79, 1990
40. Sagen J, Wang H, Tresco PA, Aebischer P: Transplants of immunologically isolated xenogeneic chromaffin cells provide a long-term source of pain-reducing neuroactive substances. J Neurosci 13:2415-2423, 1993
41. Siegan JB, Hama AT, Sagen J: Alterations in rat spinal cord cGMP by peripheral nerve injury and adrenal medullary transplantation. Neurosci Lett 215:49-52, 1996
42. Siegan JB, Sagen J: Attenuation of NMDA-induced spinal hypersensitivity by adrenal medullary transplants. Brain Res 680:88-98, 1995
43. Siegan JB, Sagen J: A natural peptide with NMDA inhibitory activity reduces tonic pain in the formalin model. NeuroReport 8:1379-1381, 1997
44. Siegan JB, Sagen J: Attenuation of formalin pain responses in the rat by adrenal medullary transplants in the spinal subarachnoid space. Pain 70:279-285, 1997
45. Siegan JB, Sagen J: Adrenal medullary transplants attenuate sensorimotor dysfunction in rats with peripheral neuropathy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 59:97-104, 1998
46. Tan SA, Aebischer P: The problems of delivering neuroactive molecules to the CNS, in Bock GR, Goode JA (eds): Growth Factors as Drugs for Neurological and Sensory Disorders. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Lt, 1996, pp 211-236
47. Vaquero J, Arias A, Oya S, Zurita M: Chromaffin allografts into arachnoid of spinal cord reduce basal pain responses in rats. NeuroReport 2:149-151, 1991
48. Vaquero J, Martinez R, Coca S: Graft of adrenal tissue into the nervous system. Neurosurgery 26:176, 1990
49. Vaquero J, Martinez R, Coca S, Oya S, Salazar FG, Colado MI: Pain relief in humans by chromaffin tissue graft into medullary arachnoid. Transplante of Organs and Tissues 1:39-42, 1989
50. Vaquero J, Martinez R, Oya S, Coca S, Salazar FG, Colado MI: Transplantation of adrenal medulla into spinal cord for pain relief: Disappointing outcome. Lancet 2:1315, 1988
51. Wang H, Sagen J: Absence of appreciable tolerance and morphine cross-tolerance in rats with adrenal medullary transplants in the spinal cord. Neuropharmacology 33:681-692, 1994
52. Wang H, Sagen J: Optimization of adrenal medullary allograft conditions for pain alleviation. J Neural Transplant Plast 5:49-64, 1994
53. Wang H, Sagen J: Attenuation of pain-related hyperventilation in adjuvant arthritis rats with adrenal medullary transplants in the spinal subarachnoid space. Pain 63:313-320, 1995
54. Winnie AP, Pappas GD, Gupta TK, Wang H, Ortega JD, Sagen J: Subarachnoid adrenal medullary transplants for terminal cancer pain: A report of preliminary studies. Anesthesiology 79:644-653, 1993
55. Yadid G, Zangen A, Herzberg U, Nakash R, Sagen J: Alterations in endogenous brain beta-endorphin release by adrenal medullary transplants in the spinal cord. Neuropsychopharmacology 23:709-716, 2000
56. Yeomans DC, Lu Y, Pappas GD: Conditional analgesia from spinally transplanted adrenal chromaffin cells. Pain 95:191-194, 2002
57. Yu W, Hao JX, Xu XJ, Saydoff J, Haegerstrand A, Hokfelt T, Wiesenfeldhallin Z: Long-term alleviation of allodynia-like behaviors by intrathecal implantation of bovine chromaffin cells in rats with spinal cord injury. Pain 74:115-122, 1998
58. Yu W, Hao JX, Xu XJ, Saydoff J, Sherman S, Eriksson A, Haegerstrand A, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z: Immunoisolating encapsulation of intrathecally implanted bovine chromaffin cells prolongs their survival and produces anti-allodynic effect in spinally injured rats. Eur J Pain 2:143-151, 1998
59. Zimmermann M: Ethical guidelines for investigators of experimental pain in conscious animals. Pain 16:109-110, 1983