Future challenges in analysis and treatment of human immune senescence

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 133-148

  Salvador, Juan ^a   Adams, Erica J ^a   Ershler, Rachel ^a   Ershler, William B ^a  

^a Institute for Advanced Studies in Aging and Geriatric Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE;

AGING; COMORBIDITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ELDERLY CARE; EXERCISE; HEALTH STATUS; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNITY; LIFESTYLE; MALNUTRITION; NUTRITION; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENESCENCE;

AGED; AGING; ANTIBODY FORMATION; FORECASTING; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, CELLULAR; VACCINATION;

EID: 0037330086     PISSN: 08898561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0889-8561(02)00076-0     Document Type: Review

References (140)

1. Chandra RK. Nutritional regulation of immunity and the risk of infection in old age. Immunology 1989;67:141-7.
2. Chandra RK. The relation between immunology, nutrition and disease in elderly people. Age Aging 1990;19:S25-31.
3. Epstein AM, Leighton JR, Hoefer M. The relation of body weight to length of stay and charges for hospital services for patients undergoing elective surgery: a study of two procedures. Am J Public Health 1987;77:993-7.
4. Agarwahl M, Acevedo F, Leighton LS, et al. Predictive ability of various nutritional variables for mortality in elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:1173-8.
5. Weinsier RL, Hunker EM, Krumdieck CL, et al. Hospital malnutrition: a prospective evaluation of general medical patients during the course of hospitalization. Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32:418-26.
6. Lansey S, Waslien C, Mulvihill M, et al. The role of anthropometry in the assessment of malnutrition in the hospitalized frail elderly. Gerontology 1993;39:346-53.
7. Corman LC. The relationship between nutrition, infection and immunity. Med Clin North Am 1985;69:519-31.
8. Lewis EF, Bell SJ. Nutritional assessment of the elderly. In: Morley JE, Glick Z, Rubinstein LZ, editors. Geriatric nutrition. New York: Raven Press; 1990. p. 73.
9. Ershler WB, Keller ET. Age-associated increased IL-6 gene expression, late-life diseases and frailty. Annu Rev Med 2000;51:245-70.
10. Sandman P, Adolfsson R, Nygren C, et al. Nutritional status and dietary intake in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease and multiinfarct dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1987; 35:31-8.
11. Dale DC. Neutropenia. In: Williams WJ, Beutler E, Erslev AJ, et al, editors. Hematology. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1989. p. 807-16.
12. Williams WJ. Lymphocytopenia. In: Williams WJ, Beutler E, Erslev AJ, et al, editors. Hematology. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1989. p. 964-6.
13. Plaut M. Lymphocyte hormone receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 1987;5:621-69.
14. Travin M, Macris NT, Block HM, et al. Reversible common variable immunodeficiency syndrome induced by phenytoin. Arch Int Med 1989;149:1421-2.
15. Gross PA, Quinnan GV, Weksler ME, et al. Relation of chronic disease and immune response to influenza vaccine in the elderly. Vaccine 1989;7:303-8.
16. Ershler WB, Hacker MP, Burroughs BJ, et al. Cimetidine and the immune response. I. In vivo augmentation of nonspecific and specific immune response. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1983;26:10-7.
17. Guidi L, Bartolini C, Frasca D, et al. Impairment of lymphocyte activities in depressed aged subjects. Mech Ageing Dev 1991;60:13-24.
18. Bartrop RW, Lazarus L, Lockhurst E, et al. Depressed lymphocyte function after bereavement. Lancet 1977;1:834-6.
19. Schleifer SJ, Keller SE, Camerino M, et al. Suppression of lymphocyte stimulation following bereavement. JAMA 1983;250:374-7.
20. Thomas RD, Goodwin JM, Goodwin JS. Effect of social support on stress-related changes in cholesterol level, uric acid level, and immune function in an elderly sample. Am J Psych 1985; 142:735-7.
21. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Fisher P, Ogrocki P, et al. Marital quality, marital disruption and immune function. Psychosom Med 1987;49:13-34.
22. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Glaser R, Gravenstein S, et al. Chronic stress alters the immune response to influenza virus vaccine in older adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:3043-7.
23. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Glaser R, Willinger D, et al. Psychosocial enhancement of immunocompetence in a geriatric population. Health Psychol 1985;4:25-41.
24. Pahlavani MA, Cheung TH, Chesky JA, et al. Influence of exercise on the immune function of rats of various ages. J Appl Physiol 1988;64:2997-3001.
25. Soppi E, Varijo P, Eskola J. Effect of strenuous physical stress on circulating lymphocyte number and function before and after training. J Clin Lab Immunol 1982;8:43-6.
26. Smith PW, Roccaforte JS, Caly PB. Infection and immune response in the elderly. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:813-22.
27. Berman P, Hogan DB, Fox RA. The atypical presentation of infection in old age. Age Aging 1987;16:201-7.
28. Kohn P. Cause of death in very old people. JAMA 1982;247:2793-7.
29. Castle SC, Norman DC, Yeh M, et al. Fever response in elderly nursing home residents: are the older truly colder? J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:853-7.
30. Glezen WP. Serious morbidity and mortality associated with influenza epidemics. Epidemiol Rev 1982;4:25-44.
31. Barker WH, Mullooly JP. Impact of epidemic type A influenza in a defined adult population. Am J Epidemiol 1980;112:798-813.
32. Clements ML, Betts RF, Tierney EL, et al. Serum and nasal wash antibodies associated with resistance to experimental challenge with influenza A wild-type virus. J Clin Microbiol 1986;24:157-60.
33. McMichael AJ, Gotch FM, Noble GR, et al. Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to influenza. N Engl J Med 1983;309:13-7.
34. Taylor PM, Askonas BA. Influenza nucleoprotein specific cytotoxic T cell clones are protective in vivo. Immunol 1986;58:417-20.
35. Yap KL, Ada GL, McKenzie IFC. Transfer of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes protects mice inoculated with influenza virus. Nature 1978;273:238-9.
36. Davenport FM, Hennessey AV, Francis Jr T. Epidemiological and immunological significance of age distribution of antibody to antigenic variants of influenza virus. J Exp Med 1953;98:641-56.
37. Noble GR, Kaye HS, Kendal AP, et al. Age-related heterologous antibody responses to influenza virus vaccination. J Infect Dis 1977;136:S686-92.
38. Beyer WEP, Palache AM, Bljet M, et al. Antibody induction by influenza vaccines in the elderly: a review of the literature. Vaccine 1989;7:385-94.
39. Nichol KL, Margolis KL, Wuorenma J, et al. The efficacy and cost effectiveness of vaccination against influenza among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1994;331:778-84.
40. Patriarca PA, Arden NH, Koplan JP, et al. Prevention and control of type A influenza in nursing homes: benefits and costs with four approaches using vaccination and amantadine. Ann Intern Med 1987;107:732-40.
41. de Moragas JM, Kierland RR. The outcome of patients with herpes zoster. Am Arch Dermatol 1957;75:193-6.
42. Burgoon Jr CF, Burgoon JS, Baldridge GD. The natural history of herpes zoster. JAMA 1957;164:265-70.
43. McGregor RM. Herpes zoster, chicken-pox, and cancer in general practice. BMJ 1957;i:84-7.
44. Hope-Simonson RE. The nature of herpes zoster: a long-term study and new hypothesis. Proc R Soc Med 1965;58:9.
45. Molin L. Aspects of the natural history of herpes zoster. Acta Derm Venereol 1969;49:569-83.
46. Rogers III RS, Tindall JP. Geriatric herpes zoster. J Am Geriatr Soc 1971;19:495-504.
47. Ragozzino MW, Melton III LJ, Kurland LT, et al. Population-based study of herpes zoster and its sequelae. Medicine (Baltimore) 1982;61:310-6.
48. Hope-Simpson RE. Posterpetic neuralgia. J R Coll Gen Pract 1975;25:571.
49. Huff JC, Bean B, Balfour HH, et al. Therapy of herpes zoster with oral acyclovir. Am J Med 1988;85:84-9.
50. Wood MJ, Ogan PH, McKendrick MW, et al. Efficacy of oral acyclovir treatment of acute herpes zoster. Am J Med 1988;85:79-83.
51. Harding SP, Lipton JR, Wells JCD. Natural history of herpes zosterophthalmicus: predictors of postherpetic neuralgia and ocular involvement. Br J Ophthalmol 1987;71:353-8.
52. Loeser JD. Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. Pain 1986;25:149-64.
53. Watson CPN. Postherpetic neuralgia. Neurol Clin 1989;7:231-48.
54. Moffat MM, Ritchie L, Collacott I, Brown T. Is Bell's palsy a reactivation of varicella zoster virus? J Infect 1995;30:29-36.
55. Welling DB, Daniels RL, Brainard J, et al. Detection of viral DNA in endolymphatic sac tissue from Meniere's disease patients. Am J Otol 1996;15:639-43.
56. Straus SE, Ostrove JE, Inchauspe G, et al. Varicella-zoster virus infections; biology, natural history, treatment, and prevention. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:221-37.
57. Arvin AM. Cell-mediated immunity to varicella-zoster virus. J Infect Dis 1992;166(Suppl 1):S35-41.
58. Dolin R, Reichman RC, Mazur MH, et al. Herpes zoster-varicella infections in immunosuppressed patients. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:375-88.
59. Goffinet DR, Glatstein EJ, Merigan TC. Herpes zoster-varicella infections and lymphoma. Ann Intern Med 1972;76:235-40.
60. Guinee VF, Guido JJ, Pfalzgraf KA, et al. The incidence of herpes zoster in patients with Hodgkin's disease; an analysis of prognostic factors. Cancer 1985;56:642-8.
61. Arvin AM, Pollard AM, Gamberg P, et al. Cellular and humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of recurrent herpes viral infections in patients with lymphoma. J Clin Invest 1980; 65:869.
62. Meyers JD, Flournoy N, Thomas ED. Cell-mediated immunity to varicella-zoster infection after allogenic marrow transplant. J Infect Dis 1980;141:479.
63. Schuchter LM, Wingard JR, Piantadosi S, et al. Herpes zoster infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1989;74:1424-7.
64. Wilson A, Sharp M, Koropchak CM, et al. Subclinical varicella-zoster virus viremia, herpes zoster, and T lymphocyte immunity to varicella-zoster viral antigens after bone marrow transplantation. J Infect Dis 1992;165:119-26.
65. Miller AE. Selective decline in cellular immune response to varicella-zoster in the elderly. Neurology 1980;30:582-7.
66. Berger R, Florent G, Just M. Decrease of the lymphoproliferative response to varicella-zoster virus antigen in the aged. Infect Immun 1981;32:24-7.
67. Burke BL, Steele RW, Beard OW, et al. Immune responses to varicella-zoster in the aged. Arch Int Med 1982;142:291-3.
68. Hayward AR, Herberger M. Lymphocyte responses to varicella zoster virus in the elderly. J Clin Immunol 1987;7:174-8.
69. Hayward A, Levin M, Wolf W, et al. Varicella-zoster virus-specific immunity after herpes zoster. J Infect Dis 1991;163:873-5.
70. Brunell PA, Novelli VM, Keller PM, et al. Antibodies to the three major glycoproteins of varicella-zoster virus: search for the relevant host immune response. J Infect Dis 1987;156:430-5.
71. Giller RH, Winistorfer S, Grose C. Cellular and humoral immunity to varicella zoster virus glycoproteins in immune and susceptible human subjects. J Infect Dis 1989;160:919-28.
72. Levin MJ, Murray M, Rotbart HA, et al. Immune response of elderly individuals to a live attenuated varicella vaccine. J Infect Dis 1992;166:253-9.
73. Moss RJ, Miles SH. AIDS and the geriatrician. J Am Ger Soc 1987;35:460-4.
74. Fillit HM, Fruchtman S, Sell L, et al. AIDS in the elderly: a case and its implications. Geriatrics 1989;44:65-70.
75. Rosenzweig R, Fillit H. Probable heterosexual transmission of AIDS in an aged woman. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992;40:1261-4.
76. Peterman TA, Jaffe HW, Feorino PM. Transfusion acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States. JAMA 1985;254:2913-7.
77. Weiler PG, Mungas D, Pomerantz S. AIDS as a cause of dementia in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988;36:139-41.
78. Gatti RA, Good RA. Aging, immunity and malignancy. Geriatrics 1970;25:158-68.
79. Ershler WB. The influence of an aging immune system on cancer incidence and progression. J Gerontol 1993;48:B3-7.
80. Miller RA. Aging and cancer: another perspective. J Gerontol 1993;48:B8-10.
81. Covelli V, Mouton D, Mojo V, et al. Inheritance of immune responsiveness, life span and disease incidence in interline crosses of mice selected for high or low multispecific antibody production. J Immunol 1989;142:1224-34.
82. Imai K, Matsuyama S, Miyake S, et al. Natural cytotoxic activity of peripheral-blood lymphocytes and cancer incidence: an 11-year follow-up study of a general population. Lancet 2000;356:1795-9.
83. Daynes RA, Araneo BA. Prevention and reversal of some age-associated changes in immunologic responses by supplemental dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate therapy. Aging Immunol Infect Dis 1992;3:135-55.
84. Delafuente JC. Immunesenescence: clinical and pharmacologic considerations. Med Clin N A 1985;69:465-86.
85. Weindruch R, Walford RL. Dietary restriction in mice beginning at 1 year of age. Science 1982;215:1415-8.
86. Masoro EJ. Dietary restriction and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993;41:994-9.
87. Weindruch R. Caloric restriction and aging. Sci Am 1996;274:46-52.
88. Orr WC, Sohal RS. Extension of life-span by overexpression of superoxide dismutase and catalase in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 1994;263(5150):1128-30.
89. Roth GS, Ingram DK, Lane MA. Caloric restriction in primates and relevance to humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001;928:305-15.
90. Kemnitz JW, Weindruch R, Roecker EB, et al. Dietary restriction of adult male rhesus monkeys: design, methodology, and preliminary findings from the first year of study. J Gerontol 1993;48(1):B17-26.
91. Warner HR, Ingram D, Miller RA, et al. Program for testing biological interventions to promote healthy aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2000;115:199-207.
92. Ershler WB, Moore AL, Shore H, et al. Transfer of age-associated restrained tumor growth in mice by old to young bone marrow transplantation. Cancer Res 1984;44:5677-80.
93. Tsuda T, Kim T, Siskind GW, et al. Slow growth of B16 melanoma in old mice. The role of the thymus and T cells. Cancer Res 1987;47:3097-100.
94. Thoman ML, Weigle WO. Reconstitution of in vivo cell-mediated lympholysis responses in aged mice with interleukin-2. J Immunol 1985;134:949-52.
95. Hirokawa K, Sato K, Makinodan T. Restoration of impaired immune functions in aging animals. V. Long-term immunopotentiating effects of combined young bone marrow and newborn thymus grafts. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1982;22:297-304.
96. Ershler WB, Moore AL, Socinski MA. Influenza and aging: age-related changes and the effects of thymosin on the antibody response to influenza vaccine. J Clin Immunol 1984;4:445-54.
97. Ershler WB, Hebert HC, Blow AJ, et al. Effect of thymosin alpha one on specific antibody response and susceptibility to infection in young and aged mice. Int J Immunopharmacol 1985;7:465-71.
98. Ershler WB, Moore AL, Roessner K, et al. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and aging: decreased IL-2 production in healthy older people does not correlate with reduced helper cell numbers or antibody response to influenza vaccine and is not corrected in vitro by Thymosin α1. Immunopharmacol 1985;10:111-7.
99. Gravenstein S, Miller BA, Duthie E, et al. Augmentation of influenza antibody response in elderly men by Thymosin alpha one: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989;37:1-8.
100. Busby J, Caranasos GJ. Immune function, autoimmunity and selective immunoprophylaxis in the aged. Med Clin N A 1985;69:465-74.
101. Bentley DW. Pneumococcal vaccine in the institutionalized elderly: a review of past and recent studies. Rev Infect Dis 1981;3S:S61-70.
102. Gross PA, Quinnan GV, Rodstein M, et al. Association of influenza immunization with reduction in mortality in an elderly population. Arch Int Med 1988;148:562-5.
103. Shapiro ED, Berg AT, Austrian R, et al. The protective effect of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1453-60.
104. Huang Y, Gauthey L, Martine M, et al. The relationship between influenza vaccine-induced specific antibody responses and vaccine-induced nonspecific autoantibody responses in healthy older women. J Gerontol 1992;47:M50-5.
105. Ammann AJ, Schiffman G, Austrian R. The antibody responses to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in aged individuals. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1980;164:312-6.
106. Forrester HL, Jahnigen DW, LaForce FM. Inefficancy of pneumococcal vaccine in a high-risk population. Am J Med 1987;83:425-30.
107. Peters NJ, Meiklejohn G, Jahnigen DW. Antibody response of an elderly population to a supplemental dose of influenza B vaccine. J Am Geratr Soc 1988;36:593-9.
108. Simberkoff MS, Cross AP, Al-Ibrahim M, et al. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 1986;315:1318-27.
109. Kishimoto S, Tomino S, Mitsuya H, et al. Age-related decline in the in vitro and in vivo synthesis of anti-tetanus toxoid antibody in humans. J Immunol 1980;125:2347-52.
110. Gravenstein S, Drinka P, Duthie EH, et al. Efficacy of an influenza hemagglutinin-diphtherian toxoid conjugate vaccine in elderly nursing home subjects during an influenza outbreak. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994;42:245-51.
111. Hibberd PL, Rubin RH. Immunization strategies for the immunocompromised host: the need for immunoadjuvants. Ann Intern Med 1989;110:955-6.
112. Kerstetter JE, Holthausen BA, Fitz PA. Malnutrition in the institutionalized older adult. J Am Diet Assoc 1992;92:1109-16.
113. Morley JE. Anorexia of aging: physiologic and pathologic. Am J Clin Nut 1997;66:760-73.
114. High KP. Nutritional strategies to boost immunity and prevent infection in elderly individuals. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1892-900.
115. High KP. Micronutrient supplementation and immune function in the elderly. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:717-22.
116. Chandra RK. Effect of vitamin and trace-element supplementation on immune indices in healthy elderly. Lancet 1992;340:1124-7.
117. Girodon F, Lombard M, Galan P, et al. Effect of mincronutrient supplementation on infection in institutionalized elderly subjects: a controlled trial. Ann Nut Metab 1997;41:98-107.
118. Prasad AS, Fitzgerald JT, Hess JW, et al. Zinc deficiency in elderly patients. Nutrition 1993;9:218-24.
119. Meydani SN, Meydani M, Blumberg JB, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and in vivo immune response in healthy elderly subjects: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1997;277:1380-6.
120. Fortes C, Forastiere F, Agabiti N, et al. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in older population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46:19-26.
121. Murphy S, West KPJ, Greenough WB, et al. Impact of vitamin A supplementation on the incidence of infection in elderly nursing-home residents: a randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing 1992;21:435-9.
122. Penn ND, Purkins L, Kelleher J, et al. The effect of dietary supplementation with vitamins A, C and E on cell-mediated immune function in elderly long-stay patients: a randomized controlled trial. Age Aging 1991;20:169-74.
123. Meydani SN, Barklung MP, Siu S, et al. Vitamin E supplementation enhances cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:557-63.
124. Meydani SN, Leka L, Loszewski R. Long term vitamin E supplementation enhances immune response in healthy elderly. FASEB J 1994;8:A272.
125. Beharka AA, Wu D, Han SN, et al. Macrophage prostaglandin production contributes to the age-associated decrease in T cell function which is reversed by the dietary antioxidant vitamin E. Mech Ageing Dev 1997;93:59-77.
126. Hayek MG, Meydani SN, Meydani M, et al. Age differences in eicosanoid production of mouse splenocytes: effects on mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation. J Gerontol 1994;49:B197-207.
127. Pallast EG, Schouten EG, de Waart FG, et al. Effect of 50- and 100-mg vitamin E supplements on cellular immune function in noninstitutionalized elderly persons. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69:1273-81.
128. de Waart FG, Portengen L, Doekes G, et al. Effect of 3 months' vitamin E supplementation on indices of the cellular and humoral immune response in elderly subjects. Br J Nutr 1997; 78:761-74.
129. Mazzeo RS. The influence of exercise and aging on immune function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994;26(5):586-92.
130. Woods JA, Lowder TW, Keylock KT. Can exercise training improve immune function in the aged? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;959:117-27.
131. Hoffman-Goetz L, Pedersen BK. Exercise and the immune system: a model of the stress response? Immunol Today 1994;15:382-7.
132. Nieman DC, Henson DA, Gusewitch G. Physical activity and immune function in elderly women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993;25:823-31.
133. Shinkai S, Kohno H, Kimura K. Physical activity and immune senescence in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27:1516-26.
134. Nasrullah I, Mazzeo RS. Age-related immunesenescence in Fischer 344 rats: influence of exercise training. J Appl Physiol 1992;73:1932-8.
135. Nieman DC, Henson DA. Role of endurance exercise in immune senescence. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994;26:172-81.
136. Fiatarone MA, Morely JE, Bloom ET, et al. The effect of exercise on natural killer cell activity in young and old subjects. J Gerontol 1989;44:M37-45.
137. Woods JA, Ceddia MA, Evans JK, et al. Effects of chronic endurance exercise on immune function in the elderly. Mech Age Dev 1999;109(1):1-19.
138. Crist DM, MacKinnon LT, Thompson RF, et al. Physical exercise increases natural cellular-mediated tumor cytotoxicity in elderly women. Gerontology 1989;35:66-71.
139. Shinkai S, Konishi M, Shephard RJ. Aging, exercise, training and the immune system. Exerc Immunol Rev 1996;3:68-95.
140. Pedersen BK, Bruunsgaard H, Ostrowski K, et al. Cytokines in aging and exercise. Int J Sports Med 2000;21(S1):S4-9.