Novel glucocorticoid effects on acute inflammation in the CNS

Journal of Neurochemistry

Volumn 84, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 705-716

  Dinkel, Klaus ^a   MacPherson, Anna ^a   Sapolsky, Robert M ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Brain injury; Cytokines; Neuroimmunology; Steroids; Stress

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTERONE; CYTOKINE; GLUCOCORTICOID; INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; KAINIC ACID; MESSENGER RNA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BRAIN INJURY; CELL COUNT; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE RELEASE; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; GRANULOCYTE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HORMONE ACTION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATORY CELL; INJECTION; MACROPHAGE; MALE; MICROGLIA; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; RAT; RIBONUCLEASE PROTECTION ASSAY; STRESS;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADRENALECTOMY; ANIMALS; CELL COUNT; CYTOKINES; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; EXCITATORY AMINO ACID AGONISTS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; GRANULOCYTES; HIPPOCAMPUS; INTERLEUKIN-1; KAINIC ACID; MACROPHAGES; MALE; MICROGLIA; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; RNA, MESSENGER; STEROIDS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0037312860     PISSN: 00223042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01604.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Akassoglou K., Probert L., Kontogeorgos G. and Kollias G. (1997) Astrocyte-specific but not neuron-specific transmembrane TNF triggers inflammation and degeneration in the central nervous system of transgenic mice. J. Immunol. 158, 438-445.
2. Banati R. B., Gehrmann J., Schubert P. and Kreutzberg G. W. (1993) Cytotoxicity of microglia. Glia 7, 111-118.
3. Barnes P. J. and Adcock I. (1993) Anti-inflammatory actions of steroids: molecular mechanisms. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 14, 436-441.
4. Barone F. C. and Feuerstein G. Z. (1999) Inflammatory mediators and stroke: new opportunities for novel therapeutics. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19, 819-834.
5. Beal M. F. (1992) Mechanisms of excitotoxicity in neurologic diseases. Faseb J. 6, 3338-3344.
6. Berkenbosch F., van Oers J., del Rey A., Tilders F. and Besedovsky H. (1987) Corticotropin-releasing factor-producing neurons in the rat activated by interleukin-1. Science 238, 524-526.
7. Besedovsky H., del Rey A., Sorkin E. and Dinarello C. A. (1986) Immunoregulatory feedback between interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones. Science 233, 652-654.
8. Bruce A. J., Boling W., Kindy M. S. et al. (1996) Altered neuronal and microglial responses to excitotoxic and ischemic brain injury in mice lacking TNF receptors. Nat. Med. 2, 788-794.
9. Cato A. C. and Wade E. (1996) Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids. Bioessays 18, 371-378.
10. Coyle P. K. (1999) Glucocorticoids in central nervous system bacterial infection. Arch. Neurol. 56, 796-801.
11. DeRijk R., Michelson D., Karp B. et al. (1997) Exercise and circadian rhythm-induced variations in plasma cortisol differentially regulate interleukin-I beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) production in humans: high sensitivity of TNF alpha and resistance of IL-6. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82, 2182-2191.
12. Dimagl U., Iadecola C. and Moskowitz M. A. (1999) Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view. Trends Neurosci. 22, 391-397.
13. Feuerstein G., Wang X. and Barone F. (1998a) Cerebrovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
14. Feuerstein G. Z., Wang X. and Barone F. C. (1998b) The role of cytokines in the neuropathology of stroke and neurotrauma. Neuroimmunomodulation 5, 143-159.
15. Filippini G., Brusaferri F., Sibley W. A. et al. (2000) Corticosteroids or ACTH for acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 4.
16. Fishman R. A. (1982) Steroids in the treatment of brain edema. N. Engl. J. Med. 306, 359-360.
17. Gary D. S., Bruce-Keller A. J., Kindy M. S. and Mattson M. P. (1998) Ischemic and excitotoxic brain injury is enhanced in mice lacking the p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 18, 1283-1287.
18. Goldstein M., Barnett H., Orgogozo J., Sartorius N., Symon L. and Verschagin N. (1989) Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis and therapy: report of the WHO task force on stroke and other cerebrovascular disorders. Stroke 20, 138.
19. Goulding N. J., Euzger H. S., Butt S. K. and Perretti M. (1998) Novel pathways for glucocorticoid effects on neutrophils in chronic inflammation. Inflamm. Res. 47, S158-S165.
20. Kern J. A., Lamb R. J., Reed J. C., Daniele R. P. and Nowell P. C. (1988) Dexamethasone inhibition of interleukin 1 beta production by human monocytes. Posttranscriptional mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest. 81, 237-244.
21. Kerschensteiner M., Gallmeier E., Behrens L. et al. (1999) Activated human T cells, B cells, and monocytes produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor in vitro and in inflammatory brain lesions: a neuroprotective role of inflammation? J. Exp. Med. 189, 865-870.
22. Kreutzberg G. W. (1996) Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS. Trends Neurosci. 19, 312-318.
23. Labro M. T. (2000) Interference of antibacterial agents with phagocyte functions: immunomodulation or 'immuno-fairy tales'? Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 13, 615-650.
24. Lee J. M., Zipfel G. J. and Choi D. W. (1999) The changing landscape of ischaemic brain injury mechanisms. Nature 399, A7-A14.
25. Lew W., Oppenheim J. J. and Matsushima K. (1988) Analysis of the suppression of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta production in human peripheral blood mononuclear adherent cells by a glucocorticoid hormone. J. Immunol. 140, 1895-1902.
26. Lipton S. A. and Rosenberg P. A. (1994) Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 330, 613-622.
27. Marx J. (1995) How the glucocorticoids suppress immunity. Science 270, 232-233.
28. McEwen B. S., De Kloet E. R. and Rostene W. (1986) Adrenal steroid receptors and actions in the nervous system. Physiol. Rev. 66, 1121-1188.
29. McGeer E. G. and McGeer P. L. (1999) Brain inflammation in Alzheimer disease and the therapeutic implications. Curr. Pharm. Des. 5, 821-836.
30. Millikan C., McDowell F. and Easton J. (1987) Progressing stroke, in Stroke (Millikan C., McDowell F. and Easton J., eds), pp. 117-130. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
31. Morse J. K. and Davis J. N. (1990) Regulation of ischemic hippocampal damage in the gerbil: adrenalectomy alters the rate of CA1 cell disappearance. Exp. Neurol. 110, 86-92.
32. Munck A., Guyre P. M. and Holbrook N. J. (1984) Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions. Endocr. Rev. 5, 25-44.
33. Perretti M. and Flower R. J. (1994) Cytokines, glucocorticoids and lipocortins in the control of neutrophil migration. Pharmacol. Res. 30, 53-59.
34. Perry V. H. and Gordon S. (1991) Macrophages and the nervous system. Int. Rev. Cytol. 125, 203-244.
35. Rapalino O., Lazarov-Spiegler O., Agranov E. et al. (1998) Implantation of stimulated homologous macrophages results in partial recovery of paraplegic rats. Nat. Med. 4, 814-821.
36. Rothwell N. J. and Luheshi G. N. (1996) Brain TNF: damage limitation or damaged reputation? Nat. Med. 2, 746-747.
37. Rothwell N. J., Luheshi G. and Toulmond S. (1996) Cytokines and their receptors in the central nervous system: physiology, pharmacology, and pathology. Pharmacol. Ther. 69, 85-95.
38. Salaki J. S., Louria D. B. and Chmel H. (1984) Fungal and yeast infections of the central nervous system. A clinical review. Medicine (Baltimore) 63, 108-132.
39. Sapolsky R. M. (1985) A mechanism for glucocorticoid toxicity in the hippocampus: increased neuronal vulnerability to metabolic insults. J. Neurosci. 5, 1228-1232.
40. Sapolsky R. M. (1994) The physiological relevance of glucocorticoid endangerment of the hippocampus. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 746, 294-304; discussion 304-307.
41. Sapolsky R. M. and Pulsinelli W. A. (1985) Glucocorticoids potentiate ischemic injury to neurons: therapeutic implications. Science 229, 1397-1400.
42. Sapolsky R. M. and Stein B. A. (1989) Status epilepticus-induced hippocampal damage is modulated by glucose availability. Neurosci. Lett. 97, 157-162.
43. Stein B. A. and Sapolsky R. M. (1988) Chemical adrenalectomy reduces hippocampal damage induced by kainic acid. Brain Res. 473, 175-180.
44. Stein-Behrens B. A., Elliott E. M., Miller C. A., Schilling J. W., Newcombe R. and Sapolsky R. M. (1992) Glucocorticoids exacerbate kainic acid-induced extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acids in the rat hippocampus. J. Neurochem. 58, 1730-1735.
45. Stein-Behrens B., Mattson M. P., Chang I., Yeh M. and Sapolsky R. (1994) Stress exacerbates neuron loss and cytoskeletal pathology in the hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 14, 5373-5380.
46. Sternberg E. M. (2001) Neuroendocrine regulation of autoimmune/inflammatory disease. J. Endocrinol. 169, 429-435.
47. Tominaga T., Katagi H. and Ohnishi S. T. (1988) Is Ca2+-activated potassium efflux involved in the formation of ischemic brain edema? Brain Res. 460, 376-378.
48. Vitkovic L., Bockaert J. and Jacque C. (2000) 'Inflammatory' cytokines: neuromodulators in normal brain? J. Neurochem. 74, 457-471.
49. Whetsell W. O. Jr (1996) Current concepts of excitotoxicity. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 55, 1-13.
50. Wilckens T. and De Rijk R. (1997) Glucocorticoids and immune function: unknown dimensions and new frontiers. Immunol. Today 18, 418-424.
51. Yoles E., Hauben E., Palgi O. et al. (2001) Protective autoimmunity is a physiological response to CNS trauma. J. Neurosci. 21, 3740-3748.