A finite-difference GCM dynamical core with a variable-resolution stretched grid

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 125, Issue 11, 1997, Pages 2943-2968

  Fox Rabinovitz, Michael S ^a   Stenchikov, Georgiy L ^a   Suarez, Max J ^b   Takacs, Lawrence L ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^c GENERAL SCIENCES CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001675920     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2943:AFDGDC>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Anthes, R. A., 1970: Numerical experiments with a two-dimensional horizontal variable grid. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 810-822.
2. _. 1983: Regional models of the atmosphere in middle latitudes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1306-1335.
3. Arakawa, A., and V. R. Lamb. 1981: A potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme for the shallow water equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 18-36.
4. _. and M. J. Suarez, 1983: Vertical differencing of the primitive equations in sigma coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 34-45.
5. Asselin, R., 1972: Frequency filter for time integrations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 487-490.
6. Berger, M., and J. Oliger. 1984: Adaptive mesh refinement for hyperbolic partial differential equations. J. Comput. Phys., 53, 484-512.
7. Brown, J. A., and K. Campana, 1978: An economical time-differencing system for numerical weather prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1125-1136.
8. Browning, M., O. Kreiss, and J. Oliger, 1973: Mesh refinements. Math. Comput., 27, 29-39.
9. Burridge, D. M., and J. Haseler, 1977: A model for medium range weather forecasting-adiabatic formulation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Tech. Rep., 63 pp. [Available from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, United Kingdom.]
10. Charney, J. G., 1966: Some remaining problems in numerical weather prediction Advances in Numerical Weather Prediction. Travelers Research Center, 61-70. [Available from Archives and Special Collections Library. Building 14N-118. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.]
11. _. R. Fjortoft. and J. von Neuman. 1950: Numerical integration of the barotropic vorticity equation Tellus. 2, 237-254.
12. Cotè, J., M. Roch, A. Staniforth. and L. Fillion, 1993: A variable-resolution semi-Lagrangian finite-element global model of the shallow-water equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 231-243.
13. Courtier, P., and J.-F. Geleyn, 1988: A global numerical weather prediction model with variable resolution: Application to the shallow-water equations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 1321-1346.
14. Davies, H. C., 1976: A lateral boundary formulation for multilevel prediction models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 405-418.
15. Déqué, M., and J. P. Piedelievre, 1995: High resolution climate simulation over Europe. Climate Dyn., 11, 321-339.
16. Dietachmayer, G. S., and K. K. Droegemeier, 1992: Application of continuous dynamic grid adaption techniques to meteorological modeling Part I: Basic formulation and accuracy. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1675-1706.
17. Fletcher, C. A. J., 1988: Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynomics. Vol. 2. Springer-Verlag, 541 pp.
18. Fox-Rabinovitz, M. S., 1974: Economical explicit and semi-implicit integration schemes for forecast equations Sov. Meteor. Hydrol., 11, 11-19.
19. _. 1988: Dispersion properties of some regular and irregular grids used in atmospheric models. Preprints, Eighth Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Baltimore, MD, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 784-789.
20. Gates, W. L., 1992: AMIP: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1962-1970.
21. Giles, M. B., and W. T. Thompkins Jr., 1985: Propagation and stability of wavelike solutions of finite difference equations with variable coefficients. J. Comput. Phys., 58, 349-360.
22. Gravel, S., and A. Staniforth, 1992: Variable resolution and robustness. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2633-2640.
23. Hardiker, V., 1997: A global numerical weather prediction model with variable resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 59-73.
24. Held, I. M., and M. J. Suarez, 1994: A benchmark calculation for the dry dynamical cores of atmospheric general circulation models. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1825-1830.
25. Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, J. Pfaendtner, J. Sela, M. Suarez, J. Stackpole, J. Tuccillo, L. Umscheid, and D. Williamson. 1989: Rules for the interchange of physical parameterizations, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 70, 620-622.
26. Koch, S. E., and J. T. McQueen, 1987: A survey of nested grid techniques and their potential for use within the MASS weather prediction model. NASA Tech. Memo. TM-87808, 25 pp. [Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.]
27. Kurihara, Y., 1965: Numerical integration of the primitive equations on a spherical grid. Mon. Wea. Rev., 93, 399-415.
28. Lindzen, R. S., and M. S. Fox-Rabinovitz, 1989: Consistent vertical and horizontal resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2575-2583.
29. Lorenz, E. N., 1960: Energy and numerical weather prediction. Tellus. 12, 364-373.
30. Mesinger, F., and A. Arakawa, 1976: Numerical methods used in atmospheric models WMO/ICSU Joint Organizing Committee. GARP Publications Series 17, 64 pp. [Available from World Meteorological Organization, C. P. No. 2300, CH. 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland.]
31. Oliger, J., and A. Sundström. 1978: Theoretical and practical aspects of some initial boundary value problems in fluid dynamics. SIAM J. Appl. Math., 35, 419-446.
32. Paegle, J., 1989: A variable resolution global model based upon Fourier and finite-element representation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 583-606.
33. Phillips, N. A., 1957: A coordinate system having some special advantages for numerical forecasting. J. Meteor., 14, 184-185.
34. _. 1959: An example of non-linear computational instability. The Atmosphere and the Sea in Motion. Rossby Memorial Volume. Rockefeller Institute Press, 501-504.
35. _. 1979: The nested grid model. NOAA Tech. Rep. NWS22, 80 pp. [Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.]
36. Pielke, R. A., and Coauthors, 1992: A comprehensive meteorological modeling system - RAMS. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 49, 69-91.
37. Roache, P. J., 1976: Computational Fluid Dynamics Hermosa Publishers, 446 pp.
38. Robert, A., 1966: The integration of low order spectral form of the primitive meteorological equations. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan. 44, 237-245.
39. _. and E. Yakimiw, 1986: Identification and elimination of an inflow boundary computational solution in limited area model integrations. Atmos.-Ocean. 24, 369-385.
40. Sadourny, R., 1975: The dynamics of finite difference models of the shallow water equations. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 680-689.
41. Schmidt, F., 1977: Variable fine mesh in a spectral global model Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 50, 211-217.
42. Schuman, F. G., 1971: Resuscitation of an integration procedure. NMC Office Note 54, 55 pp. [Available from National Center for Environmental Prediction/NOAA, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Spring, MD 20746.]
43. Shapiro, R., 1970: Smoothing, filtering and boundary effects. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 8, 359-387.
44. Skamarock, W. C., 1989: Truncation error estimates for refinement criteria in nested and adaptive models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 872-886.
45. _. J. Oliger, and R. L. Street, 1989: Adaptive grid refinement for numerical weather prediction. J. Comput. Phys., 80, 27-60.
46. Staniforth, A., 1995: Regional modeling: Theoretical discussion. WMO PWPR Report Series 7, WMO/TD-No. 699, 72 pp. [Available from World Meteorological Organization, C. P. No. 2300, CH. 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland.]
47. _. and H. Mitchell, 1978: A variable resolution finite element technique for regional forecasting with primitive equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 439-447.
48. _. J. Cotê, L. Fillion, and M. Roch, 1991: A variable-resolution finite-element semi Lagrangian global model of the shallow water equations. Preprints, Ninth Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Denver, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 621-622.
49. Suarez, M. J., and L. L. Takacs, 1995: Documentation of the Aries/GEOS Dynamical Core Version 2. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, 103 pp. [Available from NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.]
50. Takacs, L. L., and M. J. Suarez, 1996: Dynamical aspects of climate simulations using the GEOS GCM. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 10, 56 pp. [Available from NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.]
51. _, A. Molod, and T. Wang, 1994: Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) General Circulation Model (GCM) Version 1. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606 Vol. 1, 97 pp. [Available from NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.]
52. Thompson, J. F., 1984: Grid generation techniques in computational fluid mechanics. AIAA J., 22, 1505-1523.
53. _, Z. U. A. Warsi, and C. W. Mastin, 1985: Numerical Grid Generation: Foundations and Applications. North-Holland, 483 pp.
54. Vichnevetsky, R., 1987: Wave propagation and reflection in irregular grids for hyperbolic equations. Appl. Numer. Math., 2 (1-2), 133-166.
55. _, and L. H. Turner, 1991: Spurious scattering from discontinuously stretching grids in computational fluid dynamics. J. Appl. Math., 8, 315-428.
56. Wilhelmson, R. B., and C. S. Chen, 1982: A simulation of the development of successive cells along a cold outflow boundary. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1466-1483.
57. Williamson, D., and G. L. Browning, 1974: Formation of the lateral boundary conditions for the NCAR limited area model. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 8-15.
58. Yakimiw, E., and A. Robert, 1990: Validation experiments for a nested grid-point regional forecast model. Atmos.-Ocean, 28, 466-472.
59. Yessad, K., and P. Benard, 1996: Introduction of a local mapping factor in the spectral part of the Metro-France global variable mesh numerical forecast model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1701-1719.