메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 2238-2257

Evolution of the North American monsoon system

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CLIMATOLOGY; MONSOON;

EID: 0032455481     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2238:EOTNAM>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (155)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0023468448 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between large-scale convective rainfall and cold cloud over the Western Hemisphere during 1982-84
    • Arkin, P. A., and B. N. Meisner, 1987: The relationship between large-scale convective rainfall and cold cloud over the Western Hemisphere during 1982-84. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 51-74.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 51-74
    • Arkin, P.A.1    Meisner, B.N.2
  • 2
    • 0000996931 scopus 로고
    • Estimating climatic-scale precipitation from space: A review
    • _, and P. E. Ardanuy, 1989: Estimating climatic-scale precipitation from space: A review. J. Climate, 2, 1229-1238.
    • (1989) J. Climate , vol.2 , pp. 1229-1238
    • Ardanuy, P.E.1
  • 3
    • 0028174752 scopus 로고
    • Lower-tropospheric precursors to nocturnal MCC development over the central United States
    • Augustine, J. A., and F. Caracena, 1994: Lower-tropospheric precursors to nocturnal MCC development over the central United States. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 116-135.
    • (1994) Wea. Forecasting , vol.9 , pp. 116-135
    • Augustine, J.A.1    Caracena, F.2
  • 5
    • 0029104825 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric circulation associated with the Midwest floods of 1993
    • Bell, G. D., and J. E. Janowiak, 1995: Atmospheric circulation associated with the Midwest floods of 1993. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 681-695.
    • (1995) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.76 , pp. 681-695
    • Bell, G.D.1    Janowiak, J.E.2
  • 6
    • 0030451144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of North American continental-scale hydrology using Eta model forecast products
    • Berbery, E. H., E. M. Rasmusson, and K. E. Mitchell, 1996: Studies of North American continental-scale hydrology using Eta model forecast products. J. Geophys. Res., 101 (D3), 7305-7319.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.D3 , pp. 7305-7319
    • Berbery, E.H.1    Rasmusson, E.M.2    Mitchell, K.E.3
  • 8
    • 0001167099 scopus 로고
    • The effects of orography on midlatitude Northern Hemisphere dry climates
    • Broccoli, A. J., and S. Manabe, 1992: The effects of orography on midlatitude Northern Hemisphere dry climates. J. Climate, 5, 1181-1201.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 1181-1201
    • Broccoli, A.J.1    Manabe, S.2
  • 10
    • 0022226083 scopus 로고
    • Global water vapor flux and maintenance during FGGE
    • Chen, T.-C., 1985: Global water vapor flux and maintenance during FGGE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1801-1819.
    • (1985) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.113 , pp. 1801-1819
    • Chen, T.-C.1
  • 11
    • 0002564254 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the starting date for the summer monsoon in western Mexico and southeast Arizona
    • Seattle, WA, Climate Prediction Center
    • Douglas, A. V., and P. J. Englehart, 1995: An analysis of the starting date for the summer monsoon in western Mexico and southeast Arizona. Proc. 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Seattle, WA, Climate Prediction Center, 207-211.
    • (1995) Proc. 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop , pp. 207-211
    • Douglas, A.V.1    Englehart, P.J.2
  • 12
    • 2142765833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of the summer monsoon in Mexico and relationships with drought in the United States
    • Huntsville, AL, Climate Prediction Center
    • _, and _, 1996: Variability of the summer monsoon in Mexico and relationships with drought in the United States. Proc. 21st Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Huntsville, AL, Climate Prediction Center, 296-299.
    • (1996) Proc. 21st Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop , pp. 296-299
  • 14
    • 0001433783 scopus 로고
    • Consistency of the diabatic heating in the NMC/ NCAR reanalysis
    • Seattle, WA, Climate Prediction Center
    • Ebisuzaki, W., 1995: Consistency of the diabatic heating in the NMC/ NCAR reanalysis. Proc. 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Seattle, WA, Climate Prediction Center, 232-234.
    • (1995) Proc. 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop , pp. 232-234
    • Ebisuzaki, W.1
  • 15
    • 0022836379 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of mesoscale convective weather systems to the warm-season precipitation in the United States
    • Fritsch, J. M., R. J. Kane, and C. R. Chelius, 1986: The contribution of mesoscale convective weather systems to the warm-season precipitation in the United States. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 1333-1345.
    • (1986) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.25 , pp. 1333-1345
    • Fritsch, J.M.1    Kane, R.J.2    Chelius, C.R.3
  • 16
    • 0019165888 scopus 로고
    • Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation
    • Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447-462.
    • (1980) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.106 , pp. 447-462
    • Gill, A.E.1
  • 17
    • 0016543369 scopus 로고
    • The role of mountains in the south Asian monsoon circulation
    • Hahn, D. G., and S. Manabe, 1975: The role of mountains in the south Asian monsoon circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1515-1540.
    • (1975) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 1515-1540
    • Hahn, D.G.1    Manabe, S.2
  • 18
    • 0000215676 scopus 로고
    • Forcing mechanisms and other characteristics of significant summertime precipitation
    • Heideman, K. F., and J. M. Fritsch, 1988: Forcing mechanisms and other characteristics of significant summertime precipitation. Wea. Forecasting. 3, 115-130.
    • (1988) Wea. Forecasting , vol.3 , pp. 115-130
    • Heideman, K.F.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 19
    • 0006833825 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variations in the summer wind field over the central United States
    • Hering, W. S., and T. R. Borden Jr., 1962: Diurnal variations in the summer wind field over the central United States. J. Atmos. Sci., 19, 81-86.
    • (1962) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 81-86
    • Hering, W.S.1    Borden Jr., T.R.2
  • 20
    • 0031472152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the Great Plains low-level jet on summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States
    • Higgins, R. W., Y. Yao, E. S. Yarosh, J. E. Janowiak, and K. C. Mo, 1997: Influence of the Great Plains low-level jet on summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States. J. Climate, 10, 481-507.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 481-507
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Yao, Y.2    Yarosh, E.S.3    Janowiak, J.E.4    Mo, K.C.5
  • 22
    • 0019697466 scopus 로고
    • The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing
    • Hoskins, B. J., and D. J. Karoly, 1981: The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1179-1196.
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1179-1196
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Karoly, D.J.2
  • 24
    • 0020441373 scopus 로고
    • Organization and structure of precipitation cloud systems
    • Academic Press
    • Houze, R. A., Jr., and P. V. Hobbs, 1982: Organization and structure of precipitation cloud systems. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 24, Academic Press, 225-315.
    • (1982) Advances in Geophysics , vol.24 , pp. 225-315
    • Houze Jr., R.A.1    Hobbs, P.V.2
  • 25
    • 0026312891 scopus 로고
    • Rainfall variations in the Tropics during 1986-1989, as estimated from observations of cloud-top temperature
    • Janowiak, J. E., and P. A. Arkin, 1991: Rainfall variations in the Tropics during 1986-1989, as estimated from observations of cloud-top temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 96 (Suppl.), 3359-3373.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 3359-3373
    • Janowiak, J.E.1    Arkin, P.A.2
  • 26
    • 0021535482 scopus 로고
    • Partitioning tropical heat and moisture budgets into cumulus and mesoscale components: Implications for cumulus parameterization
    • Johnson, R. H., 1984: Partitioning tropical heat and moisture budgets into cumulus and mesoscale components: Implications for cumulus parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1590-1601.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 1590-1601
    • Johnson, R.H.1
  • 27
    • 0345455214 scopus 로고
    • Lower-tropospheric warming and drying in tropical mesoscale convective systems: Implications for the problem of cumulus parameterization
    • _, 1986: Lower-tropospheric warming and drying in tropical mesoscale convective systems: Implications for the problem of cumulus parameterization. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 64, 721-726.
    • (1986) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.64 , pp. 721-726
  • 28
    • 0020969823 scopus 로고
    • Heat and moisture budgets of tropical mesoscale anvil clouds
    • _, and G. S. Young, 1983: Heat and moisture budgets of tropical mesoscale anvil clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2138-2147.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 2138-2147
    • Young, G.S.1
  • 29
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project
    • Kalnay E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 30
    • 0003291287 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric general circulation modeling
    • K. E. Trenberth, Ed., Cambridge University Press
    • Kiehl, J. T., 1992: Atmospheric general circulation modeling. Climate System Modeling, K. E. Trenberth, Ed., Cambridge University Press, 319-368.
    • (1992) Climate System Modeling , pp. 319-368
    • Kiehl, J.T.1
  • 31
    • 0001131866 scopus 로고
    • Tropical east-west circulations during the northern summer
    • Krishnamurti, T. N., 1971: Tropical east-west circulations during the northern summer. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1342-1347.
    • (1971) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 1342-1347
    • Krishnamurti, T.N.1
  • 32
    • 0000838089 scopus 로고
    • On the role of sea-surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the Tropics
    • Lindzen, R. S., and S. Nigam, 1987: On the role of sea-surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the Tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2418-2436.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 2418-2436
    • Lindzen, R.S.1    Nigam, S.2
  • 33
    • 0019140471 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale convective complexes
    • Maddox, R. A., 1980: Mesoscale convective complexes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 61, 1374-1387.
    • (1980) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.61 , pp. 1374-1387
    • Maddox, R.A.1
  • 34
    • 0006760475 scopus 로고
    • On thunderstorm forecasting in the central United States
    • Means, L. L., 1952: On thunderstorm forecasting in the central United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 80, 165-189.
    • (1952) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.80 , pp. 165-189
    • Means, L.L.1
  • 35
    • 0029412297 scopus 로고
    • Physical mechanisms of the 1993 summer floods
    • Mo, K. C., J. Nogues-Paegle, and J. Paegle, 1995: Physical mechanisms of the 1993 summer floods. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 879-895.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 879-895
    • Mo, K.C.1    Nogues-Paegle, J.2    Paegle, J.3
  • 36
    • 0030430796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic controls and spatial variations of precipitation in the western United States
    • Mock, C. J., 1996: Climatic controls and spatial variations of precipitation in the western United States. J. Climate, 9, 1111-1125.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1111-1125
    • Mock, C.J.1
  • 38
    • 0027707920 scopus 로고
    • A regional rainfall climatology over Mexico and the southwest United States derived from passive microwave and geosynchronous data
    • Negri, A. J., R. F. Adler, R. A. Maddox, K. W. Howard, and P. R. Keehn, 1993: A regional rainfall climatology over Mexico and the southwest United States derived from passive microwave and geosynchronous data. J. Climate, 6, 2144-2161.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 2144-2161
    • Negri, A.J.1    Adler, R.F.2    Maddox, R.A.3    Howard, K.W.4    Keehn, P.R.5
  • 39
    • 0028604837 scopus 로고
    • On the dynamical basis for the Asian summer monsoon rainfall-El Niño relationship
    • Nigam, S., 1994: On the dynamical basis for the Asian summer monsoon rainfall-El Niño relationship. J. Climate, 7, 1750-1771.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1750-1771
    • Nigam, S.1
  • 40
    • 0031410057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The annual warm to cold phase transition in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Diagnosis of the role of stratus cloud top cooling
    • _, 1997: The annual warm to cold phase transition in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Diagnosis of the role of stratus cloud top cooling. J. Climate, 10, 2447-2467.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 2447-2467
  • 41
    • 0003683051 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia, [Available from Dept. of Geography, University of British Columbia, 2075 Wesbrook Place, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada.]
    • Okabe, I. T., 1994: The North American monsoon. Ph.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia, 146 pp. [Available from Dept. of Geography, University of British Columbia, 2075 Wesbrook Place, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada.]
    • (1994) The North American Monsoon
    • Okabe, I.T.1
  • 42
    • 0003132609 scopus 로고
    • Implementing a mass flux convective parameterization package for the NMC medium-range forecast model
    • Preprints, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Pan, H.-L., and W.-S. Wu, 1994: Implementing a mass flux convective parameterization package for the NMC medium-range forecast model. Preprints, 10th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96-98.
    • (1994) 10th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction , pp. 96-98
    • Pan, H.-L.1    Wu, W.-S.2
  • 43
    • 0001774009 scopus 로고
    • The low-level jet as related to nocturnal thunderstorms over the Midwest United States
    • Pitchford, K. L., and J. London, 1962: The low-level jet as related to nocturnal thunderstorms over the Midwest United States. J. Appl. Meteor., 1, 43-37.
    • (1962) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.1 , pp. 43-137
    • Pitchford, K.L.1    London, J.2
  • 44
    • 0030356992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale atmospheric moisture cycling as evaluated from global NMC analysis and forecast products
    • Rasmusson, E. M., and K. C. Mo, 1996: Large-scale atmospheric moisture cycling as evaluated from global NMC analysis and forecast products. J. Climate, 9, 3276-3297.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 3276-3297
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1    Mo, K.C.2
  • 45
    • 0022834605 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric water vapor and surface flow patterns over the tropical Americas during May-August 1979
    • Reyes, S., and D. L. Cadet, 1986: Atmospheric water vapor and surface flow patterns over the tropical Americas during May-August 1979. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 582-593.
    • (1986) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 582-593
    • Reyes, S.1    Cadet, D.L.2
  • 46
    • 0024197504 scopus 로고
    • The southwest branch of the North American monsoon during summer 1979
    • _, and _, 1988: The southwest branch of the North American monsoon during summer 1979. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1175-1187.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 1175-1187
  • 47
    • 0028581380 scopus 로고
    • Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation
    • Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 929-948
    • Reynolds, R.W.1    Smith, T.M.2
  • 49
    • 0027038324 scopus 로고
    • Synoptic climatology of thermal low-pressure systems over south-western North America
    • Rowson, D. R., and S. J. Colucci, 1992: Synoptic climatology of thermal low-pressure systems over south-western North America. Int. J. Climatol., 12, 529-545.
    • (1992) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.12 , pp. 529-545
    • Rowson, D.R.1    Colucci, S.J.2
  • 50
    • 0030441933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water vapor transport associated with the summertime North American monsoon as depicted by ECMWF analyses
    • Schmitz, J. T., and S. L. Mullen, 1996: Water vapor transport associated with the summertime North American monsoon as depicted by ECMWF analyses. J. Climate, 9, 1621-1634.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1621-1634
    • Schmitz, J.T.1    Mullen, S.L.2
  • 51
    • 0020868364 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between deep convection and large-scale processes during GATE
    • Song, J.-L., and W. M. Frank, 1983: Relationships between deep convection and large-scale processes during GATE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 2145-2160.
    • (1983) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.111 , pp. 2145-2160
    • Song, J.-L.1    Frank, W.M.2
  • 52
    • 0030438877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of low-level jets to climate: A review
    • Stensrud, D. J., 1996: Importance of low-level jets to climate: A review. J. Climate, 9, 1698-1711.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1698-1711
    • Stensrud, D.J.1
  • 53
    • 0029502377 scopus 로고
    • Model climatology of the Mexican monsoon
    • _, R. L. Gall, S. L. Mullen, and K. W. Howard, 1995: Model climatology of the Mexican monsoon. J. Climate, 8, 1775-1794.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1775-1794
    • Gall, R.L.1    Mullen, S.L.2    Howard, K.W.3
  • 54
    • 0021549052 scopus 로고
    • Plateau monsoons of the Northern Hemisphere: A comparison between North America and Tibet
    • Tang, M., and E. R. Reiter, 1984: Plateau monsoons of the Northern Hemisphere: A comparison between North America and Tibet. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 617-637.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 617-637
    • Tang, M.1    Reiter, E.R.2
  • 55
    • 0024907516 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models
    • Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779-1800.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 1779-1800
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 56
    • 0001407965 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States
    • Wallace, J. M., 1975: Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 406-419.
    • (1975) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.103 , pp. 406-419
    • Wallace, J.M.1
  • 57
    • 0027843040 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the conditional instability of the tropical atmosphere
    • Williams, E., and N. Renno, 1993: Analysis of the conditional instability of the tropical atmosphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 21-36.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 21-36
    • Williams, E.1    Renno, N.2
  • 58
    • 0030482032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model predictions
    • Xie, P., and P. Arkin, 1996: Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model predictions. J. Climate, 9, 840-858.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 840-858
    • Xie, P.1    Arkin, P.2
  • 59
    • 0024880172 scopus 로고
    • Is the tropical atmosphere conditionally unstable?
    • Xu, K.-M., and K. A. Emanuel, 1989: Is the tropical atmosphere conditionally unstable? Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1471-1479.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 1471-1479
    • Xu, K.-M.1    Emanuel, K.A.2
  • 60
    • 0016961666 scopus 로고
    • Response of deep and shallow tropical maritime cumuli to large-scale processes
    • Yanai, M., S. Esbensen, and J. H. Chu, 1976: Response of deep and shallow tropical maritime cumuli to large-scale processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 976-991.
    • (1976) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 976-991
    • Yanai, M.1    Esbensen, S.2    Chu, J.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.