메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 41-81

Product and Process Evaluation of Handwriting Difficulties

Author keywords

Computerized analysis; Handwriting assessment; Handwriting speed; Legibility

Indexed keywords


EID: 0037212843     PISSN: 1040726X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1021371425220     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (201)

References (140)
  • 1
    • 0012894732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of speed-accuracy trade-off formulations. The case of spatially constrained movements where both distance and spatial precision are specified
    • Simner, N. L., Leedham, C. G., and Thomassen, W. M. (eds.), IOS Press, Burke
    • Alimi, A. M., and Plamondon, R. (1996). A comparative study of speed-accuracy trade-off formulations. The case of spatially constrained movements where both distance and spatial precision are specified. In: Simner, N. L., Leedham, C. G., and Thomassen, W. M. (eds.), Handwriting and Drawing Research, IOS Press, Burke, pp. 127-142.
    • (1996) Handwriting and Drawing Research , pp. 127-142
    • Alimi, A.M.1    Plamondon, R.2
  • 2
    • 0039977497 scopus 로고
    • A legibility index: Can handwriting be measured?
    • Alston, J. (1983). A legibility index: Can handwriting be measured? Educ. Rev. 35: 237-242.
    • (1983) Educ. Rev. , vol.35 , pp. 237-242
    • Alston, J.1
  • 7
    • 84950002315 scopus 로고
    • A decade of research in handwriting: Progress and prospect
    • Askov, E., Otto, W., and Askov, W. (1970). A decade of research in handwriting: Progress and prospect. J. Educ. Res. 64: 100-111.
    • (1970) J. Educ. Res. , vol.64 , pp. 100-111
    • Askov, E.1    Otto, W.2    Askov, W.3
  • 9
    • 0002718602 scopus 로고
    • Principles and practices of teaching handwriting
    • Henderson, A., and Pehoski, C. (eds.), Mosby, St. Louis, MN
    • Benbow, M. (1995). Principles and practices of teaching handwriting. In: Henderson, A., and Pehoski, C. (eds.), Hand Function in the Child, Mosby, St. Louis, MN.
    • (1995) Hand Function in the Child
    • Benbow, M.1
  • 11
    • 0002476551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language by hand: A synthesis of a decade of research on handwriting
    • Berninger, V., and Graham, S. (1998). Language by hand: A synthesis of a decade of research on handwriting. Handwriting Rev. 12: 11-25.
    • (1998) Handwriting Rev. , vol.12 , pp. 11-25
    • Berninger, V.1    Graham, S.2
  • 12
    • 0002873040 scopus 로고
    • Theory-based diagnosis and remediation of writing
    • Berninger, V., Mizokawa, D., and Bragg, R. (1991). Theory-based diagnosis and remediation of writing. J. Sch. Psychol. 29: 57-59.
    • (1991) J. Sch. Psychol. , vol.29 , pp. 57-59
    • Berninger, V.1    Mizokawa, D.2    Bragg, R.3
  • 14
    • 0347428771 scopus 로고
    • A standardized manuscript scale for grades 1, 2, and 3
    • Bezzi, R. (1962). A standardized manuscript scale for grades 1, 2, and 3. J. Educ. Res. 55: 339-340.
    • (1962) J. Educ. Res. , vol.55 , pp. 339-340
    • Bezzi, R.1
  • 15
    • 0007395667 scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study on the structure of handwriting
    • Blote, A., and Hamstra-Bletz, L. (1991). A longitudinal study on the structure of handwriting. Percept. Mot. Skills 72: 983-994.
    • (1991) Percept. Mot. Skills , vol.72 , pp. 983-994
    • Blote, A.1    Hamstra-Bletz, L.2
  • 16
    • 0026447307 scopus 로고
    • Understanding and assessing handwriting difficulties: Perspective from the literature
    • Bonny, A. M. (1992). Understanding and assessing handwriting difficulties: Perspective from the literature. Aust. Occup. Ther. J. 39: 7-15.
    • (1992) Aust. Occup. Ther. J. , vol.39 , pp. 7-15
    • Bonny, A.M.1
  • 18
    • 84950033919 scopus 로고
    • A study of the influence of handwriting upon grades using examination scripts
    • Briggs, D. (1980). A study of the influence of handwriting upon grades using examination scripts. Educ. Rev. 32: 185-193.
    • (1980) Educ. Rev. , vol.32 , pp. 185-193
    • Briggs, D.1
  • 19
    • 0348059188 scopus 로고
    • A new method for the evaluation of handwriting material
    • Wann, J., Wing, A. M., and Sovik, N. (eds.), Academic Press, New York
    • Bruinsma, C., and Nieuwenhuis, C. (1991). A new method for the evaluation of handwriting material. In: Wann, J., Wing, A. M., and Sovik, N. (eds.), Development of Graphic Skills, Academic Press, New York, pp. 41-51.
    • (1991) Development of Graphic Skills , pp. 41-51
    • Bruinsma, C.1    Nieuwenhuis, C.2
  • 20
    • 0347428770 scopus 로고
    • Line paper illegibility and creativity
    • Hartley, J. (ed.), Kogan, London, England
    • Burnhill, P., Hartly, J., and Lindsay, D. (1983). Line paper illegibility and creativity. In: Hartley, J. (ed.), The Psychology of Written Communication, Kogan, London, England, pp. 82-91.
    • (1983) The Psychology of Written Communication , pp. 82-91
    • Burnhill, P.1    Hartly, J.2    Lindsay, D.3
  • 21
    • 84963332750 scopus 로고
    • Essay test scoring: Interaction of relevant variables
    • Chase, C. (1986). Essay test scoring: Interaction of relevant variables. J. Educ. Meas. 23: 33-41.
    • (1986) J. Educ. Meas. , vol.23 , pp. 33-41
    • Chase, C.1
  • 22
    • 0012060283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational therapy for children with handwriting difficulties: A framework for evaluation and treatment
    • Chu, S. (1997). Occupational therapy for children with handwriting difficulties: A framework for evaluation and treatment. Br. J. Occup. Ther. 60: 514-520.
    • (1997) Br. J. Occup. Ther. , vol.60 , pp. 514-520
    • Chu, S.1
  • 23
    • 0031155710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual and sex differences in speed of handwriting among high school students
    • Cohen, M. R. (1997). Individual and sex differences in speed of handwriting among high school students. Percept. Mot. Skills 84: 1428-1430.
    • (1997) Percept. Mot. Skills , vol.84 , pp. 1428-1430
    • Cohen, M.R.1
  • 24
    • 0007346569 scopus 로고
    • The development of a behavioral assessment technique for evaluation gradual change in handwriting performance
    • Collins, F., Baer, G., Walls, N., and Jackson, M. S. (1980). The development of a behavioral assessment technique for evaluation gradual change in handwriting performance. Behav. Assess. 2: 369-387.
    • (1980) Behav. Assess. , vol.2 , pp. 369-387
    • Collins, F.1    Baer, G.2    Walls, N.3    Jackson, M.S.4
  • 25
    • 0030253582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors that relate to good and poor handwriting
    • Cornhill, H., and Case-Smith, J. (1996). Factors that relate to good and poor handwriting. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 50: 732-739.
    • (1996) Am. J. Occup. Ther. , vol.50 , pp. 732-739
    • Cornhill, H.1    Case-Smith, J.2
  • 26
    • 0031833505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of occupational therapist and teacher evaluations of handwriting quality of grade 5 and 6 primary school children
    • Daniel, M. E., and Froude, E. (1998). Reliability of occupational therapist and teacher evaluations of handwriting quality of grade 5 and 6 primary school children. Aust. Occup. Ther. J. 45: 48-58.
    • (1998) Aust. Occup. Ther. J. , vol.45 , pp. 48-58
    • Daniel, M.E.1    Froude, E.2
  • 27
    • 0032037533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test-retest reliability of the evaluation tool of children's handwriting manuscript
    • Diekma, S. M., Deitz, J., and Amundson, S. J. (1997). Test-retest reliability of the evaluation tool of children's handwriting manuscript. Am J. Occup. Ther 52: 248-258.
    • (1997) Am J. Occup. Ther. , vol.52 , pp. 248-258
    • Diekma, S.M.1    Deitz, J.2    Amundson, S.J.3
  • 28
    • 0348059195 scopus 로고
    • Writing under exam conditions: Establishing a baseline
    • Dutton, K. P. (1990). Writing under exam conditions: Establishing a baseline. Profession. Dev. Initiativ. 1989-90: 189-210.
    • (1990) Profession. Dev. Initiativ. , pp. 1989-1990
    • Dutton, K.P.1
  • 30
    • 0040225839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faculty of Medicine, School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
    • Erez, N., Yochman, A., and Parush, S. (1996). The Hebrew Handwriting Evaluation, Faculty of Medicine, School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
    • (1996) The Hebrew Handwriting Evaluation
    • Erez, N.1    Yochman, A.2    Parush, S.3
  • 31
    • 0040225839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faculty of Medicine, School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
    • Erez, N., Yochman, A., and Parush, S. (1999). The Hebrew Handwriting Evaluation (2nd Ed.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
    • (1999) The Hebrew Handwriting Evaluation (2nd Ed.)
    • Erez, N.1    Yochman, A.2    Parush, S.3
  • 32
    • 0346928672 scopus 로고
    • The reliability of measures of handwriting quality
    • Feldt, L. S. (1962). The reliability of measures of handwriting quality. J. Educ. Psychol. 53: 288-299.
    • (1962) J. Educ. Psychol. , vol.53 , pp. 288-299
    • Feldt, L.S.1
  • 34
    • 0347428760 scopus 로고
    • A new handwriting scale
    • Freeman, F. N. (1959). A new handwriting scale. Elem. Sch. J. 59: 218-221.
    • (1959) Elem. Sch. J. , vol.59 , pp. 218-221
    • Freeman, F.N.1
  • 35
    • 0007378222 scopus 로고
    • A review of handwriting scales and factors that contribute to variability in handwriting scores
    • Graham, S. (1986a). A review of handwriting scales and factors that contribute to variability in handwriting scores. J. Sch. Psychol. 24: 63-72.
    • (1986) J. Sch. Psychol. , vol.24 , pp. 63-72
    • Graham, S.1
  • 36
    • 0007428876 scopus 로고
    • The reliability, validity, and utility of three handwriting measurement procedures
    • Graham, S. (1986b). The reliability, validity, and utility of three handwriting measurement procedures. J. Educ. Res. 79: 373-380.
    • (1986) J. Educ. Res. , vol.79 , pp. 373-380
    • Graham, S.1
  • 37
    • 0000287683 scopus 로고
    • The role of production factors in learning disabled students' compositions
    • Graham, S. (1990). The role of production factors in learning disabled students' compositions. J. Educ. Psychol. 82: 781-791.
    • (1990) J. Educ. Psychol. , vol.82 , pp. 781-791
    • Graham, S.1
  • 38
    • 0002527924 scopus 로고
    • Issues in handwriting instruction
    • Graham, S. (1992). Issues in handwriting instruction. Focus Except. Child. 25: 1-14.
    • (1992) Focus Except. Child. , vol.25 , pp. 1-14
    • Graham, S.1
  • 39
    • 21344468324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of handwriting research: Progress and prospects from 1980-1994
    • Graham, S., and Weintraub, N. (1996). A review of handwriting research: Progress and prospects from 1980-1994. Educ. Psychol. Rev. 8: 7-86.
    • (1996) Educ. Psychol. Rev. , vol.8 , pp. 7-86
    • Graham, S.1    Weintraub, N.2
  • 40
    • 84929063948 scopus 로고
    • The validity of handwriting scale from the test of written language
    • Graham, S., Boyer-Schick, K., and Tippets, E. (1989). The validity of handwriting scale from the test of written language. J. Educ. Res. 82: 166-171.
    • (1989) J. Educ. Res. , vol.82 , pp. 166-171
    • Graham, S.1    Boyer-Schick, K.2    Tippets, E.3
  • 41
    • 0000881433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between handwriting style and speed and legibility
    • Graham, S., Berninger, V. W., and Weintraub, N. (1998). The relationship between handwriting style and speed and legibility. J. Educ. Res. 5: 290-296.
    • (1998) J. Educ. Res. , vol.5 , pp. 290-296
    • Graham, S.1    Berninger, V.W.2    Weintraub, N.3
  • 42
    • 0034347490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is handwriting causally related to learning to write? Treatment of handwriting problems in beginning writers
    • Graham, S., Harris, K. R., and Fink, B. (2000). Is handwriting causally related to learning to write? Treatment of handwriting problems in beginning writers. J. Educ. Psychol. 4: 620-633.
    • (2000) J. Educ. Psychol. , vol.4 , pp. 620-633
    • Graham, S.1    Harris, K.R.2    Fink, B.3
  • 43
    • 85047686526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which manuscript letters do primary grade children write legibly
    • Graham, S., Weintraub, N., and Berninger, V. (2001). Which manuscript letters do primary grade children write legibly. J. Educ. Psychol. 3: 488-497.
    • (2001) J. Educ. Psychol. , vol.3 , pp. 488-497
    • Graham, S.1    Weintraub, N.2    Berninger, V.3
  • 44
    • 0040064255 scopus 로고
    • New spectrum of handwriting
    • Groff, P. G. (1961). New spectrum of handwriting. Elem. Engl. 38: 564-565.
    • (1961) Elem. Engl. , vol.38 , pp. 564-565
    • Groff, P.G.1
  • 45
    • 0346167767 scopus 로고
    • Who writes faster?
    • Groff, P. G. (1963). Who writes faster? Education 83: 367-369.
    • (1963) Education , vol.83 , pp. 367-369
    • Groff, P.G.1
  • 47
    • 0025053719 scopus 로고
    • Development of handwriting in primary school: A longitudinal study
    • Hamstra-Bletz, L., and Blote, A. (1990). Development of handwriting in primary school: A longitudinal study. Percept. Mot. Skills 70: 759-770.
    • (1990) Percept. Mot. Skills , vol.70 , pp. 759-770
    • Hamstra-Bletz, L.1    Blote, A.2
  • 48
    • 0027791775 scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study on dysgraphic handwriting in primary school
    • Hamstra-Bletz, L., and Blote, A. (1993). A longitudinal study on dysgraphic handwriting in primary school. J. Learn. Disabil. 26: 689-699.
    • (1993) J. Learn. Disabil. , vol.26 , pp. 689-699
    • Hamstra-Bletz, L.1    Blote, A.2
  • 50
    • 0348059192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's handwriting in the first three years of school: Consistency over time and its relationship to academic achievement
    • Harvey, C., and Henderson, S. (1997). Children's handwriting in the first three years of school: Consistency over time and its relationship to academic achievement. Handwriting Rev. 11: 8-25.
    • (1997) Handwriting Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 8-25
    • Harvey, C.1    Henderson, S.2
  • 51
    • 84961455087 scopus 로고
    • Spatial-temporal analysis of movements in children: Motor programs versus feedback in the development of reaching
    • Hay, L. (1979). Spatial-temporal analysis of movements in children: Motor programs versus feedback in the development of reaching. J. Mot. Behav. 11: 189-200.
    • (1979) J. Mot. Behav. , vol.11 , pp. 189-200
    • Hay, L.1
  • 55
    • 0346952398 scopus 로고
    • Handwriting and children's writing
    • Herrick, V. E. (1960). Handwriting and children's writing. Elem. Engl. 37: 248-258.
    • (1960) Elem. Engl. , vol.37 , pp. 248-258
    • Herrick, V.E.1
  • 56
    • 0346798299 scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of legibility in handwriting
    • Herrick, V. E. (ed.), University of Wisconsin Press, Madison
    • Herrick, V. E., and Elebacher, A. (1963). The evaluation of legibility in handwriting. In: Herrick, V. E. (ed.), New Horizons of Research in Handwriting, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
    • (1963) New Horizons of Research in Handwriting
    • Herrick, V.E.1    Elebacher, A.2
  • 58
    • 0001896536 scopus 로고
    • Effects of achievement expectations and handwriting quality on scoring essays
    • Hughes, D. C., Keeling, B., and Tuck, B. F. (1983). Effects of achievement expectations and handwriting quality on scoring essays. J. Educ. Meas. 20: 65-70.
    • (1983) J. Educ. Meas. , vol.20 , pp. 65-70
    • Hughes, D.C.1    Keeling, B.2    Tuck, B.F.3
  • 59
    • 0033096448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between automaticity in handwriting and student's ability to generate written text
    • Jones, D., and Christensen, C. A. (1999). Relationship between automaticity in handwriting and student's ability to generate written text. J. Educ. Psychol. 91: 44-49.
    • (1999) J. Educ. Psychol. , vol.91 , pp. 44-49
    • Jones, D.1    Christensen, C.A.2
  • 60
    • 84987278550 scopus 로고
    • Technical report; Student's self recording of manuscript letter strokes
    • Jones, J., Trap, J., and Cooper, J. (1977). Technical report; Student's self recording of manuscript letter strokes. J. Appl. Behav. Anal. 10: 509-514.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Behav. Anal. , vol.10 , pp. 509-514
    • Jones, J.1    Trap, J.2    Cooper, J.3
  • 61
    • 84973815447 scopus 로고
    • Remediation of handwriting difficulties, a practical approach
    • Kaminsky, S., and Powers, R. (1981). Remediation of handwriting difficulties, a practical approach. Acad. Ther. 17: 19-25.
    • (1981) Acad. Ther. , vol.17 , pp. 19-25
    • Kaminsky, S.1    Powers, R.2
  • 63
    • 0040014776 scopus 로고
    • Effect of different writing tools and paper on performance of the third grader
    • Krzesni, J. S. (1971). Effect of different writing tools and paper on performance of the third grader. Elem. Engl. 48: 821-824.
    • (1971) Elem. Engl. , vol.48 , pp. 821-824
    • Krzesni, J.S.1
  • 65
  • 66
    • 84981655201 scopus 로고
    • A new approach to treatment of perceptuo-motor dysfunction: Previously called clumsiness
    • Laszlo, J. I., Bairstow, P. J., and Bartip, J. (1988). A new approach to treatment of perceptuo-motor dysfunction: Previously called clumsiness. Support Learn. 3: 35-40.
    • (1988) Support Learn. , vol.3 , pp. 35-40
    • Laszlo, J.I.1    Bairstow, P.J.2    Bartip, J.3
  • 67
    • 0009195653 scopus 로고
    • Drawing and handwriting difficulties: Reasons for and remediation of dysfunction
    • Wann, J., Wing, A. M., and Sovik, N. (eds.), Academic Press, London
    • Laszlo, J. I., and Broderick, P. (1991). Drawing and handwriting difficulties: Reasons for and remediation of dysfunction. In: Wann, J., Wing, A. M., and Sovik, N. (eds.), Development of Graphic Skills, Academic Press, London, pp. 259-280.
    • (1991) Development of Graphic Skills , pp. 259-280
    • Laszlo, J.I.1    Broderick, P.2
  • 72
    • 0040014779 scopus 로고
    • Lined paper; It's effects on the legibility and creativity of young children's writing
    • Lindsay, G. A., and Mclennan, D. (1983). Lined paper; It's effects on the legibility and creativity of young children's writing. Br. J. Educ. Psychol. 53: 364-368.
    • (1983) Br. J. Educ. Psychol. , vol.53 , pp. 364-368
    • Lindsay, G.A.1    Mclennan, D.2
  • 73
    • 0013282632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space time invariance in adult handwriting
    • Longstaff, M. G., and Heath, R. A. (1997). Space time invariance in adult handwriting. Acta Psychol. 97: 201-214.
    • (1997) Acta Psychol. , vol.97 , pp. 201-214
    • Longstaff, M.G.1    Heath, R.A.2
  • 74
    • 0039040612 scopus 로고
    • Development of reading, spelling and writing skills from third to sixth grade in normal and dysgraphic school children
    • Wann, J., Wing, A. M., and Sovik, N. (eds.), Academic Press, London, England
    • Maeland, A. F., and Karlsdottir, R. (1991). Development of reading, spelling and writing skills from third to sixth grade in normal and dysgraphic school children. In: Wann, J., Wing, A. M., and Sovik, N. (eds.), Development of Graphic Skills, Academic Press, London, England, pp. 179-184.
    • (1991) Development of Graphic Skills , pp. 179-184
    • Maeland, A.F.1    Karlsdottir, R.2
  • 75
    • 0346167769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistency of handwriting development in the early elementary years: A literature review
    • Marr, D., and Cermak, S. (2001). Consistency of handwriting development in the early elementary years: A literature review. Isr. J. Occup. Ther 10: E109-E129.
    • (2001) Isr. J. Occup. Ther. , vol.10
    • Marr, D.1    Cermak, S.2
  • 76
    • 21344470062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A capacity theory of writing: Working memory in composition
    • McCutchen, D. (1996). A capacity theory of writing: Working memory in composition. Educ. Psychol. Rev. 8: 299-325.
    • (1996) Educ. Psychol. Rev. , vol.8 , pp. 299-325
    • McCutchen, D.1
  • 77
    • 0026936047 scopus 로고
    • Fine motor activities in elementary school: Preliminary findings and provisional implications for children with fine motor problems
    • McHale, K., and Cermak, S. A. (1992). Fine motor activities in elementary school: Preliminary findings and provisional implications for children with fine motor problems. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 46: 898-903.
    • (1992) Am. J. Occup. Ther. , vol.46 , pp. 898-903
    • McHale, K.1    Cermak, S.A.2
  • 81
    • 0002001482 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of the developing handwriting skill in elementary education
    • Wann, J., Wing, A. M., and Sovik, N. (eds.), Academic Press, London, England
    • Mojet, J. W. (1991). Characteristics of the developing handwriting skill in elementary education. In: Wann, J., Wing, A. M., and Sovik, N. (eds.), Development of Graphic Skills, Academic Press, London, England, pp. 53-74.
    • (1991) Development of Graphic Skills , pp. 53-74
    • Mojet, J.W.1
  • 83
    • 0014143212 scopus 로고
    • Legibility rating for handwriting samples: A pragmatic approach
    • Otto, W., Askov, E., and Cooper, C. (1967). Legibility rating for handwriting samples: A pragmatic approach. Percept. Mot. Skills 25: 638.
    • (1967) Percept. Mot. Skills , vol.25 , pp. 638
    • Otto, W.1    Askov, E.2    Cooper, C.3
  • 84
    • 0031726602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ergonomic factors influencing handwriting performance
    • Parush, S., Levanon-Erez, N., and Weintraub, N. (1998a). Ergonomic factors influencing handwriting performance. Work 11: 295-305.
    • (1998) Work , vol.11 , pp. 295-305
    • Parush, S.1    Levanon-Erez, N.2    Weintraub, N.3
  • 85
    • 0031725793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does fatigue influence children's handwriting performance
    • Parush, S., Pindak, V., Han Markowitz, J., and Mazor-Karasenty, T. (1998b). Does fatigue influence children's handwriting performance. Work 11: 307-313.
    • (1998) Work , vol.11 , pp. 307-313
    • Parush, S.1    Pindak, V.2    Han Markowitz, J.3    Mazor-Karasenty, T.4
  • 86
    • 84956875714 scopus 로고
    • The children's handwriting evaluation scale for manuscript writing
    • Phelps, J., and Stempel, L. (1988). The children's handwriting evaluation scale for manuscript writing. Read. Improv. 25: 247-255.
    • (1988) Read. Improv. , vol.25 , pp. 247-255
    • Phelps, J.1    Stempel, L.2
  • 87
    • 0012082269 scopus 로고
    • The children's handwriting scale: A new diagnostic tool
    • Phelps, J., Stempel, L., and Speck, G. (1985). The children's handwriting scale: A new diagnostic tool. J. Educ. Res. 79: 46-50.
    • (1985) J. Educ. Res. , vol.79 , pp. 46-50
    • Phelps, J.1    Stempel, L.2    Speck, G.3
  • 88
    • 0003295713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handwriting and fine motor problems after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leykemia
    • Simner, M. L., Leedham, C. G., and Thomassen, A. J. W. M. (eds.), IOS Press, Amsterdam
    • Reinders-Messelink, H., Schoemaker, M. M., Goeken, L., van den Briel, M., and Kamps, W. (1996). Handwriting and fine motor problems after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leykemia. In: Simner, M. L., Leedham, C. G., and Thomassen, A. J. W. M. (eds.), Handwriting and Drawing Research, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 215-225.
    • (1996) Handwriting and Drawing Research , pp. 215-225
    • Reinders-Messelink, H.1    Schoemaker, M.M.2    Goeken, L.3    Van Den Briel, M.4    Kamps, W.5
  • 89
    • 0026228709 scopus 로고
    • Poor handwriting, who is refered?
    • Reisman, J. E. (1991). Poor handwriting, who is refered? Am. J. Occup. Ther. 45: 849-852.
    • (1991) Am. J. Occup. Ther. , vol.45 , pp. 849-852
    • Reisman, J.E.1
  • 90
    • 0027762059 scopus 로고
    • Development and reliability of the research version of the Minessota Handwriting Test
    • Reisman, J. E. (1993). Development and reliability of the research version of the Minessota Handwriting Test. Phys. Occup. Ther. Pediatr. 13: 41-55.
    • (1993) Phys. Occup. Ther. Pediatr. , vol.13 , pp. 41-55
    • Reisman, J.E.1
  • 91
    • 0347428768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The objective measurement of spatial invariance in handwriting
    • Simner, M. L., Leedham, C. G., and Thomassen, A. J. W. M. (eds.), IOS Press, Amsterdam
    • Rogers, D., and Found, B. (1996). The objective measurement of spatial invariance in handwriting. In: Simner, M. L., Leedham, C. G., and Thomassen, A. J. W. M. (eds.), Handwriting and Drawing Research, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 3-13.
    • (1996) Handwriting and Drawing Research , pp. 3-13
    • Rogers, D.1    Found, B.2
  • 92
    • 0020390305 scopus 로고
    • Two sides of the same coin: Variation in teaching methods and failure to learn to write
    • Rubin, N., and Henderson, S. E. (1982). Two sides of the same coin: Variation in teaching methods and failure to learn to write. Spec. Educ. Forward Trends 9: 17-24.
    • (1982) Spec. Educ. Forward Trends. , vol.9 , pp. 17-24
    • Rubin, N.1    Henderson, S.E.2
  • 93
    • 0347428769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dealing with adult handwriting problems
    • Sassoon, R. (1997). Dealing with adult handwriting problems. Handwriting Rev. 11: 69-74.
    • (1997) Handwriting Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 69-74
    • Sassoon, R.1
  • 94
    • 77956721008 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of children's penholds
    • Kao, H., Van Galen, G., and Hossain, R. (eds.), Elsevier Science, North Holland, The Netherlands
    • Sasson, R., Nimmo-Smith, I., and Wing, A. M. (1986). An analysis of children's penholds. In: Kao, H., Van Galen, G., and Hossain, R. (eds.), Graphonomics: Contemporary Research in Handwriting, Elsevier Science, North Holland, The Netherlands, pp. 93-106.
    • (1986) Graphonomics: Contemporary Research in Handwriting , pp. 93-106
    • Sasson, R.1    Nimmo-Smith, I.2    Wing, A.M.3
  • 95
    • 77956721008 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of children's penholds
    • Kao, H., Van Galen, G., and Hossain, R. (eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Sasson, R., Nimmo-Smith, I., and Wing, A. M. (1986). An analysis of children's penholds. In: Kao, H., Van Galen, G., and Hossain, R. (eds.), Graphonomics: Contemporary Research in Handwriting, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 93-106.
    • (1986) Graphonomics: Contemporary Research in Handwriting , pp. 93-106
    • Sasson, R.1    Nimmo-Smith, I.2    Wing, A.M.3
  • 97
    • 0032036416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical interpretation of "test-retest" reliability of the evaluation tool of children's handwriting manuscript
    • Shneck, C. M. (1998). Clinical interpretation of "test-retest" reliability of the evaluation tool of children's handwriting manuscript. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 52: 256-258.
    • (1998) Am. J. Occup. Ther. , vol.52 , pp. 256-258
    • Shneck, C.M.1
  • 98
    • 0003277348 scopus 로고
    • Pattern drawing by clumsy children: A problem of movement control
    • Simner, M. L., Hulstujin, W., and Girouard, P. (eds.), (Monograph of the Association of Forensic Document Examiners,). Association of Forensic Document Examiners, Toronto
    • Shoemaker, M. M., Shellekens, J. M. H., Kalverboer, A. F., and Kooistra, L. (1994). Pattern drawing by clumsy children: A problem of movement control. In: Simner, M. L., Hulstujin, W., and Girouard, P. (eds.), Contemporary Issues in the Forensic, Developmental, and Neurological Aspects of Handwriting (Monograph of the Association of Forensic Document Examiners, Vol. 1). Association of Forensic Document Examiners, Toronto, pp. 43-64.
    • (1994) Contemporary Issues in the Forensic, Developmental, and Neurological Aspects of Handwriting , vol.1 , pp. 43-64
    • Shoemaker, M.M.1    Shellekens, J.M.H.2    Kalverboer, A.F.3    Kooistra, L.4
  • 99
    • 0348059184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysgraphic children with and without a generalized motor problem: Evidence for subtypes?
    • Colla, A. M., Masulli, F., and Morasso, P. (eds.), The International Graphonomics Society, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    • Shoemaker, M. M., and Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M. (1997). Dysgraphic children with and without a generalized motor problem: Evidence for subtypes? In: Colla, A. M., Masulli, F., and Morasso, P. (eds.), IGS 1997 Proceedings: Eight Biennial Conference, The International Graphonomics Society, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, pp. 11-12.
    • (1997) IGS 1997 Proceedings: Eight Biennial Conference , pp. 11-12
    • Shoemaker, M.M.1    Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M.2
  • 100
    • 0020104765 scopus 로고
    • Printing errors in kindergarten and the prediction of academic performance
    • Simner, M. L. (1982). Printing errors in kindergarten and the prediction of academic performance. J. Learn. Disabil. 15: 155-159.
    • (1982) J. Learn. Disabil. , vol.15 , pp. 155-159
    • Simner, M.L.1
  • 101
    • 0347428763 scopus 로고
    • Guidance Centre, Faculty of Education, University of Toronto, Toronto
    • Simner, M. L. (1985). Printing Performance School Readiness Test, Guidance Centre, Faculty of Education, University of Toronto, Toronto.
    • (1985) Printing Performance School Readiness Test
    • Simner, M.L.1
  • 102
    • 77956774863 scopus 로고
    • Further evidence on the relationship between form errors in preschool printing and early school achievement
    • Kao, H. S. R., Van Galen, G. P., and Hoosian, R. (eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Simner, M. L. (1986). Further evidence on the relationship between form errors in preschool printing and early school achievement. In: Kao, H. S. R., Van Galen, G. P., and Hoosian, R. (eds.), Graphonomics: Contemporary Research in Handwriting, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 107-120.
    • (1986) Graphonomics: Contemporary Research in Handwriting , pp. 107-120
    • Simner, M.L.1
  • 103
    • 0348059187 scopus 로고
    • Further evidence on the relationship between form errors in preschool printing and early school achievement
    • Kao, H. S. R., Van Galen, G. P., and Hoosian, R. (eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam
    • Simner, M. L. (1986). Further evidence on the relationship between form errors in preschool printing and early school achievement. In: Kao, H. S. R., Van Galen, G. P., and Hoosian, R. (eds.), Graphonomics: Contemporary Research in Handwriting, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
    • (1986) Graphonomics: Contemporary Research in Handwriting
    • Simner, M.L.1
  • 104
    • 0346798296 scopus 로고
    • Printing performance school readiness test
    • Simner, M. L. (1990). Printing performance school readiness test. Acad. Ther 25: 369-375.
    • (1990) Acad. Ther. , vol.25 , pp. 369-375
    • Simner, M.L.1
  • 105
    • 0346167774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of handwriting legibility scales in grade one to help identify children at risk of early school failure
    • Simner, M. L., Leedham, C. G., and Thomassen, A. J. W. M. (eds.), IOS Press, Amsterdam
    • Simner, M. L. (1996). The use of handwriting legibility scales in grade one to help identify children at risk of early school failure. In: Simner, M. L., Leedham, C. G., and Thomassen, A. J. W. M. (eds.), Handwriting and Drawing Research, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 197-202.
    • (1996) Handwriting and Drawing Research , pp. 197-202
    • Simner, M.L.1
  • 106
    • 0346798297 scopus 로고
    • Effects of page prompts on beginning handwriting legibility
    • Sims, E., and Weisberg, P. (1984). Effects of page prompts on beginning handwriting legibility. J. Educ. Res. 77: 360-365.
    • (1984) J. Educ. Res. , vol.77 , pp. 360-365
    • Sims, E.1    Weisberg, P.2
  • 107
    • 0035292298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine motor deficiencies in children diagnosed as DCD based on poor grapho-motor ability
    • Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Niemeijer, A. S., and Van Galen, G. P. (2001). Fine motor deficiencies in children diagnosed as DCD based on poor grapho-motor ability. Hum. Mov. Sci. 20: 161-182.
    • (2001) Hum. Mov. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 161-182
    • Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M.1    Niemeijer, A.S.2    Van Galen, G.P.3
  • 108
    • 0346713746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiotherapy for children's writing problems: Evaluation study
    • Simner, M. L., Leedham, C. G., and Thomassen, A. J. W. M. (eds.), IOS Press, Amsterdam
    • Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Schomaker, M. M., Van Galen, G. P., and Michels, C. J. M. (1996). Physiotherapy for children's writing problems: Evaluation study. In: Simner, M. L., Leedham, C. G., and Thomassen, A. J. W. M. (eds.), Handwriting and Drawing Research: Basic and Applied Issues, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 227-240.
    • (1996) Handwriting and Drawing Research: Basic and Applied Issues , pp. 227-240
    • Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M.1    Schomaker, M.M.2    Van Galen, G.P.3    Michels, C.J.M.4
  • 109
    • 0031279176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysgraphia in children: Lasting psychomotor deficiency or transient developmental delay?
    • Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., and Van Galen, G. P. (1997). Dysgraphia in children: Lasting psychomotor deficiency or transient developmental delay? J. Exp. Child Psychol. 67: 164-184.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Child Psychol. , vol.67 , pp. 164-184
    • Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M.1    Van Galen, G.P.2
  • 110
    • 0003144895 scopus 로고
    • Psychomotor aspects of poor handwriting in children
    • Simner, M. L., Hulstijn, W., and Girouard, P. L. (eds.), (Monograph of the association of forensic document examination,), Association of Foresic Document Examiners, Toronto
    • Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Van Galen, G. P., and Portier, S. J. (1994a) Psychomotor aspects of poor handwriting in children. In: Simner, M. L., Hulstijn, W., and Girouard, P. L. (eds.), Contemporary Issues in the Forensic, Developmental and Neurological Aspects of Handwriting (Monograph of the association of forensic document examination, Vol. 1), Association of Foresic Document Examiners, Toronto, pp. 17-44.
    • (1994) Contemporary Issues in the Forensic, Developmental and Neurological Aspects of Handwriting , vol.1 , pp. 17-44
    • Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M.1    Van Galen, G.P.2    Portier, S.J.3
  • 111
    • 0003210038 scopus 로고
    • Psychomotor development of handwriting proficiency: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study on developmental features of handwriting
    • Faure, C., Keuss, P., Lorette, G., and Vinter, A. (eds.), Europia Press, Paris
    • Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Van Galen, G. P., and Portier, J. (1994b). Psychomotor development of handwriting proficiency: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study on developmental features of handwriting. In: Faure, C., Keuss, P., Lorette, G., and Vinter, A. (eds.), Advances in Handwriting and Drawing. A Multidisciplinary Approach, Europia Press, Paris, pp. 187-205.
    • (1994) Advances in Handwriting and Drawing. A Multidisciplinary Approach , pp. 187-205
    • Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M.1    Van Galen, G.P.2    Portier, J.3
  • 112
    • 0347428752 scopus 로고
    • De leekrach beo-ordeeld: Inschatting van schrijfvaardigheidsproblemen en motorisch achterst and bij basisschool leerlingen
    • Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Van Galen, G. P., and Michels, C. G. J. (1995). De leekrach beo-ordeeld: Inschatting van schrijfvaardigheidsproblemen en motorisch achterst and bij basisschool leerlingen (Prevalence of poor handwriting and the validity of estimation of motor proficiency and handwriting performance by teachers). Tijdschrift voor Onderwijs research 20: 1-15.
    • (1995) Tijdschrift voor Onderwijsresearch , vol.20 , pp. 1-15
    • Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M.1    Van Galen, G.P.2    Michels, C.G.J.3
  • 113
    • 0037991140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory-based diagnosis and subclassification in the developmental coordination disorder
    • Rispens, J., Van Yperen, T. A., and Yule, W. (eds.), Academic Publisher, London, England
    • Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Van Galen, G. P., and Shoemaker, M. M. (1998). Theory-based diagnosis and subclassification in the developmental coordination disorder. In: Rispens, J., Van Yperen, T. A., and Yule, W. (eds.), Perspective on the Classification of Specific Developmental Disorders, Academic Publisher, London, England, pp. 245-264.
    • (1998) Perspective on the Classification of Specific Developmental Disorders , pp. 245-264
    • Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M.1    Van Galen, G.P.2    Shoemaker, M.M.3
  • 114
    • 0023284033 scopus 로고
    • Relation of spelling and writing in learning disabilities
    • Sovik, N., Arntzen, O., and Thygesen, R. (1987a). Relation of spelling and writing in learning disabilities. Percept. Mot. Skills 64: 219-236.
    • (1987) Percept. Mot. Skills , vol.64 , pp. 219-236
    • Sovik, N.1    Arntzen, O.2    Thygesen, R.3
  • 115
    • 0023219142 scopus 로고
    • Writing characteristics of "normal," dyslexic and dysgraphic children
    • Sovik, N., Arntzen, O., and Thygesen, R. (1987b). Writing characteristics of "normal," dyslexic and dysgraphic children. J. Hum. Mov. Stud. 31: 171-187.
    • (1987) J. Hum. Mov. Stud. , vol.31 , pp. 171-187
    • Sovik, N.1    Arntzen, O.2    Thygesen, R.3
  • 117
    • 0348059186 scopus 로고
    • Educational research and statistics: A scale for measuring handwriting
    • Starch, D. (1919). Educational research and statistics: A scale for measuring handwriting. Sch. Soc. 9: 155-158.
    • (1919) Sch. Soc. , vol.9 , pp. 155-158
    • Starch, D.1
  • 118
    • 0142093970 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and remediation of handwriting problems
    • Stott, D. H., Henderson, S. E., and Moyes, F. A. (1987). Diagnosis and remediation of handwriting problems. Adapt. Phys. Act. Q. 4: 137-147.
    • (1987) Adapt. Phys. Act. Q. , vol.4 , pp. 137-147
    • Stott, D.H.1    Henderson, S.E.2    Moyes, F.A.3
  • 120
    • 0011273280 scopus 로고
    • "I'd rather do it myself"; Self evaluation and correction of handwriting
    • Stowitschek, J., Ghezzi, P., and Safely, K. (1987). "I'd rather do it myself"; Self evaluation and correction of handwriting. Educ. Treat. Child. 10: 209-224.
    • (1987) Educ. Treat. Child. , vol.10 , pp. 209-224
    • Stowitschek, J.1    Ghezzi, P.2    Safely, K.3
  • 121
    • 0040154994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between the Evaluation Tool of Children's Handwriting and teachers perceptions of handwriting legibility
    • Sudsawad, P., Trombly, C. A., Henderson, A., and Tickle-Degnen, L. (2001). The relationship between the Evaluation Tool of Children's Handwriting and teachers perceptions of handwriting legibility. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 55: 518-523.
    • (2001) Am. J. Occup. Ther. , vol.55 , pp. 518-523
    • Sudsawad, P.1    Trombly, C.A.2    Henderson, A.3    Tickle-Degnen, L.4
  • 122
    • 0346798294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimatization of movements duration in accurate handwriting strokes in different directions in young, elderly, and Parkinsonian subjects
    • Meulenbroek, R. G. J., and Steenbergen, B. (eds.), University of Nijmegen, IGS, The Netherlands
    • Teulings, H. L. (2001). Optimatization of movements duration in accurate handwriting strokes in different directions in young, elderly, and Parkinsonian subjects. In: Meulenbroek, R. G. J., and Steenbergen, B. (eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society, University of Nijmegen, IGS, The Netherlands, pp. 40-45.
    • (2001) Proceedings of the Tenth Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society , pp. 40-45
    • Teulings, H.L.1
  • 123
    • 84938049876 scopus 로고
    • Computer aided analysis of handwriting movements
    • Teulings, H. L., and Thomassen, A. J. W. M. (1979). Computer aided analysis of handwriting movements. Vis. Lang. 13: 218-231.
    • (1979) Vis. Lang. , vol.13 , pp. 218-231
    • Teulings, H.L.1    Thomassen, A.J.W.M.2
  • 125
    • 0347428766 scopus 로고
    • Space size and accuracy of second and third grade students cursive handwriting
    • Trap-porter, J., Gladden, M. A., Hill, D. S., and Cooper, J. O. (1983). Space size and accuracy of second and third grade students cursive handwriting. J. Educ. Res. 76: 231-233.
    • (1983) J. Educ. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 231-233
    • Trap-Porter, J.1    Gladden, M.A.2    Hill, D.S.3    Cooper, J.O.4
  • 126
    • 0345496048 scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of handwritingin children
    • Tseng, M. H., and Cermak, S. H. (1991). The evaluation of handwritingin children. Sens. Integr. Q. XIX: 3-6.
    • (1991) Sens. Integr. Q. , vol.29 , pp. 3-6
    • Tseng, M.H.1    Cermak, S.H.2
  • 127
    • 0000436398 scopus 로고
    • Handwriting: Issues for a psychmotor theory
    • Van Galen, G. P. (1991). Handwriting: Issues for a psychmotor theory. Hum. Mov. Sci. 10: 165-192.
    • (1991) Hum. Mov. Sci. , vol.10 , pp. 165-192
    • Van Galen, G.P.1
  • 128
    • 0032197078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromotor control in handwriting and drawing: Introduction and overview
    • Van Galen, G. P., and Morasso, P. G. (1998). Neuromotor control in handwriting and drawing: Introduction and overview. Acta Psychol. 100: 1-7.
    • (1998) Acta Psychol. , vol.100 , pp. 1-7
    • Van Galen, G.P.1    Morasso, P.G.2
  • 129
    • 0347428764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromotor noise as a window upon cognitive effects in motor control
    • Meulenbroek, R. G. J., and Steenbergen, B. (eds.), University of Nijmegen, IGS, The Netherlands
    • Van Galen, G. P., Meulenbroek, R., and Bouwhuisen, C. (2001). Neuromotor noise as a window upon cognitive effects in motor control. In: Meulenbroek, R. G. J., and Steenbergen, B. (eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society, University of Nijmegen, IGS, The Netherlands, pp. 68-73.
    • (2001) Proceedings of the Tenth Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society , pp. 68-73
    • Van Galen, G.P.1    Meulenbroek, R.2    Bouwhuisen, C.3
  • 131
    • 0001917679 scopus 로고
    • Repetative graphomotor output in L.D. and nonlearning-disabled children. The Repeated Patterns Test
    • Waber, D. P., and Bernstein, J. H. (1994). Repetative graphomotor output in L.D. and nonlearning-disabled children. The Repeated Patterns Test. Dev. Neuropsychol. 10: 51-65.
    • (1994) Dev. Neuropsychol , vol.10 , pp. 51-65
    • Waber, D.P.1    Bernstein, J.H.2
  • 133
    • 0023198742 scopus 로고
    • Trends in the refinement and optimization of fine-motor trajectories: Observations from an analysis of the handwriting of primary school children
    • Wann, J. P. (1987). Trends in the refinement and optimization of fine-motor trajectories: Observations from an analysis of the handwriting of primary school children. J. Mot. Behav. 19: 13-37.
    • (1987) J. Mot. Behav. , vol.19 , pp. 13-37
    • Wann, J.P.1
  • 134
    • 46149130559 scopus 로고
    • Space-time invariance in handwriting
    • Wann, J. P., and Jones, J. G. (1986). Space-time invariance in handwriting. Hum. Mov. Sci. 5: 275-296.
    • (1986) Hum. Mov. Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 275-296
    • Wann, J.P.1    Jones, J.G.2
  • 135
    • 0009920648 scopus 로고
    • Variability in children's handwriting computer diagnosis of writing difficulties
    • Wann, J., Wing, A. M., and Sovik, N. (eds.), Academic Press, London, England
    • Wann, J. P., and Kadirkamanathan, M. (1991). Variability in children's handwriting computer diagnosis of writing difficulties. In: Wann, J., Wing, A. M., and Sovik, N. (eds.), Development of Graphic Skills, Academic Press, London, England, pp. 223-236.
    • (1991) Development of Graphic Skills , pp. 223-236
    • Wann, J.P.1    Kadirkamanathan, M.2
  • 136
    • 0008570086 scopus 로고
    • Some elaborations on handwriting speed in 7- to 14 years old
    • Ziviani, J. (1984). Some elaborations on handwriting speed in 7- to 14 years old. Percept. Mot. Skills 58: 535-539.
    • (1984) Percept. Mot. Skills , vol.58 , pp. 535-539
    • Ziviani, J.1
  • 137
    • 0030076001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of modern cursive handwriting and handwriting speed for children aged 7 to 14 years
    • Ziviani, J. (1996). Use of modern cursive handwriting and handwriting speed for children aged 7 to 14 years. Percept. Mot. Skills 82: 282.
    • (1996) Percept. Mot. Skills , vol.82 , pp. 282
    • Ziviani, J.1
  • 138
    • 0000150532 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of handwriting performance
    • Ziviani, J., and Elkins, J. (1984). An evaluation of handwriting performance. Educ. Rev. 36: 249-261.
    • (1984) Educ. Rev. , vol.36 , pp. 249-261
    • Ziviani, J.1    Elkins, J.2
  • 139
    • 0001318829 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pencil grip on handswriting speed and legibility
    • Ziviani, J., and Elkins, J. (1986). Effects of pencil grip on handswriting speed and legibility. Educ. Rev. 38: 247-257.
    • (1986) Educ. Rev. , vol.38 , pp. 247-257
    • Ziviani, J.1    Elkins, J.2
  • 140
    • 0031833961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Writing speed and legibility of 7-14 year old school students using modern cursive script Aust
    • Ziviani, J., and Watson-Will, A. (1998). Writing speed and legibility of 7-14 year old school students using modern cursive script Aust. Occup. Ther. J. 45: 59-64.
    • (1998) Occup. Ther. J. , vol.45 , pp. 59-64
    • Ziviani, J.1    Watson-Will, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.