Islet transplantation for diabetes: Current status and future prospects

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

Volumn 2, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 793-803

  Emerich, Dwaine F ^a  

^a Sertoli Technologies Incorporated   (United States)

Author keywords

Diabetes; Gene therapy; Graft tolerance; Immunology; Islets; Sertoli cells; Stem cells; Xenotransplantation

Indexed keywords

15 DEOXYSPERGUALIN; CD28 ANTIGEN; CD3 ANTIGEN; CORTICOSTEROID; CREATININE; CYCLOSPORIN; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 2; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PANCRELIPASE; RAPAMYCIN;

ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY; ALLOGRAFT; AUTOIMMUNITY; B LYMPHOCYTE; BLEEDING; CELL DESTRUCTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CYTOTOXICITY; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DISEASE COURSE; DONOR; GENE THERAPY; GROWTH DISORDER; HOST; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIA; IMMUNE MEDIATED INJURY; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; ISCHEMIA; ISOLATED PANCREAS ISLET; LIVER HEMORRHAGE; LONG TERM CARE; LYSIS; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; NONHUMAN; PANCREAS ISLET; PANCREAS ISLET TRANSPLANTATION; PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; REVIEW; SCIENCE; SERTOLI CELL; SIDE EFFECT; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; TOXICITY; XENOGRAFT;

ANIMALS; CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; DIABETES MELLITUS; GENE THERAPY; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; ISLETS OF LANGERHANS TRANSPLANTATION;

PANACEA;

EID: 0036914618     PISSN: 14712598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2.8.793     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Laporte RM, Chang Y: Prevalence and Incidence of Insulin Dependent Diabetes. (2nd Edn) US Gov. Printing Office (1995).
2. Sutherland DE, Gruessner RW, Gores PF, Braman K, Wahoff D, Gruessne RA: Pancreas transplantation: An update. Diabet. Metab. Rev. (1995) 11:337-363.
3. Sutherland DE, Gores PF, Hering BJ, Wahoff D, McKeehen DA, Gruessner RW: Islet transplantation: An update. Diabet. Metab. Rev. (1996) 12:137-150.
4. Gaya SB, Rees AJ, Lechler RI, Williams G, Mason PD: Malignant disease in patients with long-term renal transplants. Transplantation (1995) 59:1705-1709.
5. London NJ, Farmery SM, Will EJ, Davison AM, Lodge JP: Risk of neoplasia in renal transplant patients. Lancet (1995) 346:403-406.
6. Balistreri F, Bucuvalas JC, Ryckman FC: The effect of immunosuppression on growth and development. Liver Transpl. Surg. (1995) 1:64-73.
7. Drachenberg CB, Klassen DK, Weir MR et al.: Islet cell damage associated with tacrolimus and cyclosporine: Morphological features in pancreas allograft biopsies and clinical correlation. Transplantation (1999) 68:396-402.
8. Gremlich S, Roduit R, Thorens B: Dexamethasone induces post-translational degradation of GLUT2 and inhibition of insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic beta cells. Comparison with the effects of fatty acids. J. Biol Chem. (1997) 272:3216-3222.
9. Hahn HJ, Laube F, Lucke S, Kloting I, Kohnert KD, Warzock R: Toxic effects of cyclosporin on the endocrine pancreas of Wistar rats. Transplantation (1986) 41:44-47.
10. Ricordi C, Zeng YJ, Alejandro R et al.: In vivo effect of FK506 on human pancreatic islets. Transplantation (1991) 52:519-522.
11. Hauptman PJ, O'Connor KJ: Procurement and allocation of solid organs for transplantation. N. Engl J. Med. (1997) 336:422-431.
12. Bennet W, Sundberg B, Groth CG et al.: Incompatibility between human blood and isolated islets of Langerhans: A finding with implications for clinical intraportal islet transplantation? Diabetes (1999) 48:1907-1914.
13. Nathan CF: Secretory products of macrophages. J. Clin. Invest (1987) 79:319-326.
14. Nicolls MR, Coulombe M, Gill RG: The basis of immunogenicity of endocrine allografts. Crit. Rev. Immunol. (2001) 21:87-101.
15. Sutherland DE, Goetz FC, Sibley RK: Recurrence of disease in pancreas transplants. Diabetes (1989) 38:85-87.
16. Ricordi C: Quantitative and qualitative standards for islet isolation assessment in humans and large mammals. Pancreas (1991) 6:242-244.
17. Lakey JR, Warnock GL, Rajotte RV et al.: Variables in organ donors that affect the recovery of human islets of Langerhans. Transplantation (1996) 61:1047-1053.
18. Farney A, Najarian J, Nakhleh R: Autotransplantation of dispersed pancreatic islet tissue combined with total or near total pancreatectomy for treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Surgery (1991) 110:427-437.
19. Pyzdrowski KL, Kendall DM, Halter JB, Nakhleh RE, Sutherland DE, Robertson RP: Preserved insulin secretion and insulin independence in recipients of islet autografts. N. Engl J. Med. (1992) 327:220-226.
20. Shapiro AM, Lakey JR, Ryan EA et al.: Islet transplantation in seven patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus using a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive regimen. N. Engl. J. Med (2000) 343:230-238. First conclusive demonstration of successful islet aflografting in diabetic patients
21. Ryan EA, Lakey JR, Paty BW et al.: Successful islet transplantation: Continued insulin reserve provides long-term glycemic control. Diabetes (2002) 51:2148-2157.
22. Ryan EA, Lakey JR, Rajotte RV et al.: Clinical outcomes and insulin secretion after islet transplantation with the Edmonton protocol. Diabetes (2001) 50:710-719.
23. Gores PF, Najarian JS, Stephanian E, Lloveras JJ, Kelley SL, Sutherland DE: Insulin independence in Type I diabetes after transplantation of unpurified islets from single donor with 15-deoxyspergualin. Lancet (1993) 341:19-21.
24. Platz KP, Sollinger HW, Hullett DA, Eckhoff DE, Eugui EM, Allison AC: RS-61443-a new, potent immunosuppressive agent. Transplantation (1991) 51:27-31.
25. Morris R: Rapamycins: Antifungal, antitumor, antiproliferative and immunosuppresive macrolides. Transpl. Rev. (1992) 6:39-87.
26. Yakimets WJ, Lakey JR, Yatscoff RW et al.: Prolongation of canine pancreatic islet allograft survival with combined rapamycin and cyclosporine therapy at low doses. Rapamycin efficacy is blood level related. Transplantation (1993) 56:1293-1298.
27. Li Y, Li XC, Zheng XX, Wells AD, Turka LA, Strom TB: Blocking both signal 1 and signal 2 of T-cefl activation prevents apoptosis of alloreactive T cells and induction of peripheral allograft tolerance. Nat. Med. (1999) 5:1298-1302.
28. Smiley ST, Csizmadia V, Gao W, Turka LA, Hancock WW: Differential effects of cyclosporine A, methylprednisolone, mycophenolate, and rapamycin on CD154 induction and requirement for NFkappaB: Implications for tolerance induction. Transplantation (2000) 70:415-419.
29. Nourse J, Firpo E, Flanagan WM, et al.: Interleukin-2-mediated elimination of the p27Kipl cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor prevented by rapamycin. Nature (1994) 372:570-573.
30. Powell JD, Lerner CG, Schwartz RH: Inhibition of cell cycle progression by rapamycin induces T cell clonal anergy even in the presence of costimulation. J. Immunol. (1999) 162:2775-2784.
31. Levisetti MG, Padrid PA, Szot GL: Immunosuppressive effects of human CTLA4Ig in a non-human primate model of allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation. J. Immunol. (1997) 159:5187-5191.
32. Benhamou PY: Immunomodulation with CTL4-Ig in islet transplantation. Transplantation (2002) 73:40-42. Excellent overview of immunomodulation therapy using genetically-engineered fusion proteins
33. Kenyon NS, Chatzipetrou M, Masetti M et al.: Long-term survival and function of intrehepatic islet allografts in rhesus monkeys treated with humanized anti-CD154. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (1999) 96:8132-8137.
34. Kenyon NS, Fernandez LA, Lehmann R: Long-term survival and function of intrahepatic islet allografts in baboons treated with humanized anti-CD154. Diabetes (1999) 48:1473-1481.
35. Buhler L, Deng S, O'Neil J: Adult porcine islet transplantation in baboons treated with conventional immunosuppression or a non-myeloablative regimen and CD 154 blockade. Xenotransplantation (2002) 9:3-13.
36. Lau H, Reemtsma K, Hardy MA: Pancreatic islet allograft prolongation by donor-specific blood transfusions treated with ultraviolet irradiation. Science (1983) 221:754-756.
37. Ricordi C, Murase N, Rastellini C, Behboo R, Demetris AJ, Starzl TE: Indefinite survival of rat islet allografts following infusion of donor bone marrow without cytoablation. Cell Transplant. (1996) 5:53-55.
38. Ikebukuro K, Adachi Y, Yamada Y: Treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus by transplantation of islet cells plus bone marrow cells via portal vein in rats. Transplantation (2002) 73:512-518.
39. Gaur LK, Kennedy E, Nitta Y: Induction of donor-specific tolerance to islet allografts in nonhuman primates. Ann. NY Acad Sci. (2002) 958:194-198.
40. Wong W, Morris PJ, Wood KJ: Pretransplant administration of a single donor class I major histocompatibility complex molecule is sufficient for the indefinite survival of fully allogeneic cardiac allografts: evidence for linked epitope suppression. Transplantation (1997) 63:1490-1494.
41. Yang L, Dutemple B, Gorczynski RM, Levy G, Zhang L: Evidence for epitope spreading and active suppression in skin graft tolerance after donor-specific transfusion. Transplantation (1999) 67:1404-1410.
42. Brennan DC, Mohanakumar T, Flye MW: Donor-specific transfusion and donor bone marrow infusion in renal transplantation tolerance: A review of efficacy and mechanisms. Am. J. kid Dis.(1995) 26:701-715.
43. Herold KC, Hagopian W, Auger JA et al.: Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset Type I diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346:1692-1698. Clinical demonstration of use of an anti-CD3 mAb to slow the progression of Type I diabetes.
44. Lenschow DJ, Zeng Y, Thistlethwaite JR et al.: Long-term survival of xenogeneic pancreatic islet grafts induced by CTLA41g. Science (1992) 257:789-792.
45. Lenschow DJ, Zeng Y, Hathcock KS et al.: Inhibition of transplant rejection following treatment with anti-B7-2 and anti-B7-1 antibodies. Transplantation (1995) 60:1171-1178.
46. Grewal IS, Xu J, Flavell RA: Impairment of antigen-specific T-cell priming in mice lacking CD40 ligand. Nature (1995) 378:617-620.
47. Ridge JP, Di Rosa F, Matzinger P. A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD4+ T-helper and a T-killer cell. Nature (1998) 393:474-478.
48. Kirk AD, Harlan DM, Armstrong NN et al.: CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40 ligand prevent renal allograft rejection in primates. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA (1997) 94:8789-8794.
49. Kover KL, Geng Z, Hess DM, Benjamin CD, Moore WV: Anti-CD154 (CD40L) prevents recurrence of diabetes in islet isografts in the DR-BB rat. Diabetes (2000) 49:1666-1670.
50. Molano RD, Berney T, Li H et al.: Prolonged islet graft survival in NOD mice by blockade of the CD40-CD 154 pathway of T-cell costimulation. Diabetes (2001) 50:270-276.
51. Lehnert AM, Mottran PL, Han W et al.: Blockade of the CD28 and CD40 pathways result in the acceptance of pig and rat islet xenografts but not rat cardiac grafts in mice. Transpl. Immunol. (2001) 9:51-56.
52. Bennet W, Sundberg B, Lundgren T et al.: Damage to porcine islets of Langerhans after exposure to human blood in vitro, or after intraportal transplantation to cynomologus monkeys: Protective effects of sCR1 and heparin. Transplantation (2000) 69:711-719.
53. Thomas JM, Contreras JL, Smyth CA et al.: Successful reversal of streptozotocin-induced diabetes with stable allogeneic islet function in a preclinical model of Type I diabetes. Diabetes (2001) 50:1227-1236.
54. Lumelsky N, Blondel O, Laeng P, Velasco I, Ravin R, Mckay R: Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to insulin-secteting structures similar to pancreatic islets. Science (2001) 18:1389-1394. Demonstrates that mouse embryonic cells can be differentiated in insulin-producing islet-like structures.
55. Soria B, Roche E, Berna G, Leon-Quinto T, Reig JA, Martin F: Insulin secreting cells derived from embryonic stem cells normalize glycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes (2000) 49:157-162. Genetically-engineered mouse cells produce insulin and reverse diabetes when transplanted into mice.
56. Assady S, Maor G, Amit M, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Skortcki KL, Tzukerman M: Insulin production by human embryonic stem cells. Diabetes (2001) 50:1691-1697.
57. Schulder J, Yanuka O, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Melton D, Benvenisty N: Effects of eight growth factors on the differentiation of cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA(2000) 97:11307-11312.
58. Ramiya VK, Maraist M, Arfors KE, Schatz DA, Peck AB, Cornelius JG: Reversal of insulin-dependent diabetes using islets generated in vitro from pancreatic stem cells. Nat. Med. (2000) 6:278-282. Raises the possibility of generating islets from ductal stem cells.
59. Bonner-Weir S, Taneja M, Weir GC et al.: In vitro cultivation of human islets from expanded ductal tissue. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2000) 97:7999-8004. Demonstrates feasibility of generating endocrine and ductal cells from adult human sources.
60. Zulewski H, Abraham EJ, Geralch MJ: Multipotential nestin-positive stem cells isolated from adult pancreatic islets differentiate ex vivo into pancreatic endocrine, exocrine, and hepatic phenotypes. Diabetes (2001) 50:521-533.
61. Lechner A, Leech CA, Abraham EJ, Nolan AL, Habener JF: Nestin-positive progenitor cells derived from adult human pancreatic islets of Langerhans contain side population (SP) cells defined by expression of the ABCG2 (BCRP1) ATP-binding cassette transporter. Biochem. Biophy Res. Commun. (2002) 293:670-674.
62. Gu G, Dubauskaite J, Melton DA: Direct evidence for the pancreatic lineage: NGN3+ cells are islet progenitors and are distinct from duct progenitors. Development (2002) 129:2447-2457. Clear evidence of islet progenitors as opposed to other cells that can be coaxed to form islet like progenitors.
63. De Vos P, Hamel AF, Tatarkiewicz K: Considerations for successful transplantation of encapsulated pancreatic islets. Diabetologia (2002) 45:159-173.
64. Gray DW: An overview of the immune system with specific reference to membrane encapsulation and islet transplantation. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (2001) 944:226-239. Good overview of immunoisolation technologies.
65. Sun AM, O'Shea GM, Goosen MF: Injectable microencapsulated islet cells as a bioartificial pancreas. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol (1984) 10:87-99.
66. Lanza RP, Ecker DM, Kuhtreiber WM, Marsh JP, Ringeling J, Chick WL: Transplantation of islets using microencapsulation: Studies in diabetic rodents and dogs. J. Mol Med. (1999) 77:206-210.
67. Lacy PE: Treating diabetes with transplanted cells. Sci. Amer. (1995) 273:50-58.
68. Sun Y, Ma X, Zhou D, Vacek I, Sun AM: Normalization of diabetes in spontaneously diabetic cynomologus monkeys by xenografts of microencapsulated porcine islets without immunosuppression. J Clin. Invest. (1996) 98:1417-1422.
69. Soon-Shiong P, Heintz RE, MERIDETH N et al.: Insulin independence in a Type 1 diabetic patient after encapsulated islet transplantation. Lancet (1994) 343:950-951.
70. Gray DW: Encapsulated islet cells: The role of direct and indirect presentation and the relevance to xenotransplantation and autoimmune recurrence. Br. Med. Bull (1997) 53:777-788.
71. Selawry HP: Islet transplantation to immunoprivileged sites. In: Pancreatic Islet Transplantation Volume II: Immunomodulation of Pancreatic Islets Lanza RP & Chick WL (Eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1994) 75-86.
72. Selawry HP, Whittington K: Extended allograft survival of islets grafted into intra-abdominally placed testes. Diabetes (1984) 33:405-406.
73. Selawry HP, Whittington KB, Bellgrau D: Abdominal intratesticular islet-xenograft survival in rats. Diabetes (1989) 38:220-223.
74. Selawry HP, Gaber AO: Intratesticular islet allograft survival in the Rhesus monkey without sustained immunosuppression. Cell Transpl. (In Press).
75. Gores P, Field J, Rajotte R, Korbutt G: Extended xenogeneic grafts in the abdominal testes in dogs. Transplantation (In Press).
76. Cameron DF, Whittington K, Schultz RE, Selawry HP: Successful islet/abdominal testes transplantation does not require Leydig cells. Transplantation (1990) 50:649-653.
77. Selawry HP, Cameron DF: Sertoli cell-enriched fractions in successful islet transplantation. Cell Transpl. (1993) 2:123-129. Seminal demonstration that isolated Sertoli cells can be grafted into an ectopic site and provide local immunoprotection.
78. Korbutt GS, Elliott JF, Rajotte RV: Cotransplantation of allogeneic islets with allogeneic resticular cell aggregates allows long-term graft survival without systemic immunosuppression. Diabetes (1997) 46:317-322.
79. Korbutt GS, Suarez-Pinzon W, Power RF, Rajotte RV, Rabinovitch A: Testicular Sertoli cells exert both protective and destructive effects on syngeneic islet grafts in non-obese diabetic mice. Diabetologia (2000) 43:474-480.
80. Suarez-Pinzon W, Korbutt GS, Power R, Hooton J, Rajotte RV, Rabinovitch A: Testicular Sertoli cells protect islet β cells from autoimmune destruction in NOD mice by a transforming growth factor-β-mechanism. Diabetes (2000) 49:1810-1818.
81. Valdes-Gomzalaez RA, Elliot RB, Dorantes LM er al: Porcine islet xenografts can survive and function in Type I diabetic patients in the presence of both pre-existing and elicited and-pig antibodies. Transplantation Suppl (2002) 74:94. Preliminary but interesting initial report of potential of xenotransplantion in diabetics using pig Sertoll cells together with pig islets.
82. MCKenzie IFC, D'Apice AJF, Cooper DKC: Xenotransplantation trials. Lancet (2002) 359:2280-2281.
83. Welsh N: Gene therapy in diabetes mellitus: Promises and pitfalls. Curr. Opin. Mol Ther. (1999) 1:464-470. Good overview of potential of gene therapy in diabetes.
84. Efrat S, Fusco-Demane D, Lemberg H, Al Emran O, Wang X: Conditional transformation of a pancreatic beta-cell line derived from transgenic mice expressing a tetracycline-regulated oncogene. Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA (1995) 92:3576-3580.
85. Efrat S, Leiser M, Surana M, Tal M, Fusco-Demane D, Fleischer N: Murine insulinoma cell line with normal glucose-regulated insulin secretion. Diabetes (1993) 42:901-907.
86. Knaack D, Fiore DM, Surana M et al.: Clonal insulinoma cell line that stably maintains correct glucose responsiveness. Diabetes (1994) 43:1413-1417.
87. Soldevila G, Buscema M, Marini V: Transfection with SV40 gene of human pancreatic endocrine cells. J. Autoimmun. (1991) 4:381-396.
88. Wang S, Beattie GM, Mally MI, Lopez AD, Hayek A, Levine F: Analysis of a human fetal pancreatic islet cell line. Transpl. Proc. (1997) 29:2219.
89. De La Tour D, Halvorsen T, Demeterco CF et al.: β-cell differentiation from a human pancreatic cell line in vitro and in vivo. Mol Endocrin. (2001) 15:476-83.
90. Wang S, Beattie GM, Mally MI et al.: Isolation and characterization of a cell line from the epithelial cells of the human fetal pancreas. Cell Transpl. (1997) 6:59-67.
91. Halvorsen TL, Leibowitz G, Levine F: Telomerase activity is sufficient to allow transformed cells to escape from crisis. Mol. Cell Biol. (1999) 19:1864-1870.
92. Itkin-Ansari P, Demeterco C, Bossie S et al.: PDX-1 and cell-cell contact act in synergy to promote d-cell development in a human pancreatic endocrine precursor cell line. Mol. Endocrinol. (2000) 14:814-822.
93. Efrat S, Fusco-Demane D, Lemberg H, Al Emran O, Wang X: Conditional transformation of a pancreatic beta-cell line derived from transgenic mice expressing a tetracycline-regulated oncogene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1995) 92:3576-3580.
94. Fleischer N, Chen C, Surana M et al.: Functional analysis of a conditionally transformed pancreatic beta-cell line. Diabetes (1998) 47:1419-1425.
95. McCurry KR, Kooyman DL, Alvarado CG et al.: Human complement regulatory proteins protect swine-to-primate cardiac xenografts from humoral injury. Nat. Med. (1995) 1:423-427.
96. Tearle RG, Tange MJ, Zannettino ZL et al.: The alpha-1,3- galactosyltransferase knockout mouse. Implications for xenotransplantation. Transplantation (1996) 61:13-19. Summarised potential of potential of genetically-engineering donor tissue to facilitate xenograft acceptance.
97. Cowan PJ, Chen CG, Shinkel TA et al.: Knockout of alpha 1,3- galactosyltransferase or expression of alphal,2-fucosyltransferase further protects CD55- and CD59-expressing mouse hearts in an ex vivo model of xenograft rejection. Transplantation (1998) 65:1599-1604.
98. Stoye J: No dear answers on safety of pigs as tissue donor source. Lancet (1998) 352:666-667.
99. Stoye JP, Coffin JM: The dangers of xenotransplantation. Nat. Med. (1995) 1:1100. Summary of safety concerns with xenotransplantation
100. Paradis K, Langford G, Long Z et al.: Search for cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in patients treated with living pig tissue. Science (1999) 285:1236-1241 Important overview of lack of PERV transmission in vivo.
101. Weiss RA: Xenografts and retroviruses. Science (1999) 285:1221-1222.
102. Groth CG, Korsgren O, Tibell A et al.: Transplantation of porcine fetal pancreas to diabetic patients. Lancet (1994) 344:1402-1404.
103. Heneine W, Tibell A, Switzer WM et al.: No evidence of infection with porcine endogenous retrovirus in recipients of porcine islet-cell xenografts. Lancet (1998) 352:695-699.