A1 receptor antagonists as diuretic/natriuretic agents

Drugs of the Future

Volumn 27, Issue 11, 2002, Pages 1057-1069

  Jackson, Edwin K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,3 DIPROPYL 8 (4 SULFOPHENYL)XANTHINE; 2 (2 HYDROXYETHYL) 1 [3 (2 PHENYLPYRAZOLO[1,5 A]PYRIDIN 3 YL)ACRYLOYL]PIPERIDINE; 3 [4 (2,3,6,7 TETRAHYDRO 2,6 DIOXO 1,3 DIPROPYL 1H PURIN 8 YL)BICYCLO[2.2.2]OCTAN 1 YL]PROPIONIC ACID; 6 OXO 3 (2 PHENYLPYRAZOLO[1,5 A]PYRIDIN 3 YL) 1(6H) PYRIDAZINEBUTYRIC ACID; 8 (2 NOR 1 ADAMANTYL) 1,3 DIPROPYLXANTHINE; 8 CYCLOPENTYL 1,3 DIPROPYLXANTHINE; ADENOSINE; ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTOR; ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ADENOSINE A2A RECEPTOR; ADENOSINE A2B RECEPTOR; ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTOR; CONTRAST MEDIUM; DIURETIC AGENT; FUROSEMIDE; LOOP DIURETIC AGENT; NAXIFYLLINE; RECEPTOR SUBTYPE; THEOPHYLLINE; TOXIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLATION; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIURESIS; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RESISTANCE; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEART FAILURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FAILURE; HUMAN; IMMUNE COMPLEX NEPHRITIS; KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY TUBULE ABSORPTION; NATRIURESIS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PHENOTYPE; POTASSIUM BALANCE; POTASSIUM EXCRETION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SODIUM EXCRETION; VASCULAR RESISTANCE;

EID: 0036877605     PISSN: 03778282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1358/dof.2002.027.11.710344     Document Type: Review

References (141)

1. Nohria, A., Lewis, E., Stevenson, L.W. Medical management of advanced heart failure. JAMA 2002, 287: 628-40.
2. Taylor, S.H. Diuretic therapy in congestive heart failure. Cardiol Rev 2000, 8: 104-14.
3. Faris, R., Flather, M., Purcell, H., Henein, M., Poole-Wilson, P., Coats, A. Current evidence supporting the role of diuretics in heart failure: A meta analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Cardiol 2002, 82: 149-58.
4. Weinfeld, M.S., Chertow, G.M., Stevenson, L.W. Aggravated renal dysfunction during intensive therapy for advanced chronic heart failure. Am Heart J 1999, 138: 200-2.
5. Ellison, D.H. Diuretic resistance: Physiology and therapeutics. Sem Nephrol 1999, 19: 581-97.
6. Kramer, B.K., Schweda, F., Riegger, G.A. Diuretic treatment and diuretic resistance in heart failure. Am J Med 1999, 106: 90-6.
7. Hillege, H.L., Girbes, A.R., de Kam, P.J., Boomsma, F., de Zeeuw, D., Charlesworth, A., Hampton, J.R., van Veldhuisen, D.J. Renal function, neurohormonal activation, and survival in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2000, 102: 203-10.
8. Krumholz, H.M., Chen, Y.T., Vaccarino, V., Wang, Y., Radford, M.J., Bradford, W.D., Horwitz, R.I. Correlates and impact on outcomes of worsening renal function in patients > or =65 years of age with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2000, 85: 1110-13.
9. Weinfeld, M.S., Chertow, G.M., Stevenson, L.W. Aggravated renal dysfunction during intensive therapy for advanced chronic heart failure. Am Heart J 1999, 138: 200-2.
10. Cataliotti, A., Boerrigter, G., Chen, H.H., Jougasaki, M., Costello, L.C., Tsuruda, T., Lee, S.C., Malatino, L.S., Burnett, J.C. Jr. Differential actions of vasopeptidase inhibition versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on diuretic therapy in experimental congestive heart failure. Circulation 2002, 105: 639-44.
11. Olah, M.E., Stiles, G.L. The role of receptor structure in determining adenosine receptor activity. Pharmacol Therap 2000, 85: 55-75.
12. 2-adenosine receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1987, 335: 438-44.
13. 125I-HPIA. Neurosci Lett 1988, 87: 215-20.
14. Weaver, D.R., Reppert, S.M. Adenosine receptor gene expression in rat kidney. Am J Physiol 1992, 263: F991-5.
15. 1 receptor-cAMP system in human glomeruli. Kidney Int 1993, 43: 928-32.
16. 1 receptor mRNA in microdissected rat nephron segments. Hypertension 1995, 26: 1181-5.
17. Kreisberg, M.S., Silldorff, E.P., Pallone, T.L. Localization of adenosine-receptor subtype mRNA in rat outer medullary descending vasa recta by RT-PCR. Am J Physiol 1997, 272: H1231-8.
18. 1 receptor binding characteristics and mRNA levels during the development of acute renal failure in the rat. Brit J Pharmacol 1997, 120: 947-53.
19. 1 receptors: Effect of dietary sodium chloride. Eur J Pharmacol 1999, 384: 71-9.
20. Halimi, G., Sampol, J., Clot-Faybesse, O., Mercier, L., Devaux, C., Berland, Y., Dussol, B., Rochat, H., Guieu, R. Cyclosporine A and purinergic receptors in rat kidney. Life Sci 1999, 65: 2801-13.
21. Zou, A.P., Wu, F., Li, P.L., Cowley, A.W. Jr. Effect of chronic salt loading on adenosine metabolism and receptor expression in renal cortex and medulla in rats. Hypertension 1999, 33: 511-6.
22. 1 receptors induced by acute renal failure. Biochem Pharmacol 2000, 59: 727-32.
23. 1 receptors in the rat kidney. Biochem Pharmacol 2001, 61: 237-44.
24. Jackson, E.K., Zhu, C., Tofovic, S.P. Expression of adenosine receptors in the preglomerular microcirculation. Am J Physiol 2002, 283: F41-51.
25. 2-receptor agonists on intrarenal blood flow. Am J Physiol 1993, 265: F802-6.
26. Osswald, H., Spielman, W.S., Knox, F.G. Mechanism of adenosine-mediated decreases in glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Circ Res 1978, 43: 465-9.
27. Murray, R.D., Churchill, P.C. Effects of adenosine receptor agonists in the isolated, perfused rat kidney. Am J Physiol 1984, 247: H343-8.
28. Murray, R.D., Churchill, P.C. Concentration dependency of the renal vascular and renin secretory responses to adenosine receptor agonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985, 232: 189-93.
29. Sildorff, E.P., Kreisberg, M.S., Pallone, T.L. Adenosine modulates vasomotor tone in outer medullary descending vasa recta of the rat. J Clin Invest 1996, 98: 18-23.
30. 1 receptor-mediated renal vasoconstriction with endogenous nitric oxide and ANG II. Am J Physiol 1993, 265: F651-9.
31. Osswald, H., Schmitz, H.J., Heidenreich, O. Adenosine response of the rat kidney after saline loading, sodium restriction and hemorrhage. Pflügers Arch 1975, 357: 323-33.
32. Spielman, W.S., Osswald, H. Blockade of postocclusive renal vasoconstriction by angiotensin II antagonist: Evidence for an angiotensin-adenosine interaction. Am J Physiol 1979, 237: F463-7.
33. Hall, J.E., Granger, J.P. Adenosine alters glomerular filtration control by angiotensin II. Am J Physiol 1986, 250: F917-23.
34. Deray, G., Sabra, R., Herzer, W.A., Jackson, E.K., Branch, R.A. Interaction between angiotensin II and adenosine in mediating the vasoconstrictor response to intrarenal hypertonic saline infusions in the dog. J Pharm Exp Ther 1990, 252: 631-5.
35. Weihprecht, H., Lorenz, J.N., Briggs, J.P., Schnermann, J. Synergistic effects of angiotensin and adenosine in the renal microvasculature. Am J Physiol 1994, 266: F227-39.
36. 1 receptor blockade on glomerular hemodynamics: Involvement of reninangiotensin system. Am J Physiol 1994, 267: F783-90.
37. 1A receptor-deficient mice. Am J Physiol 1998, 275: F922-27.
38. Abassi, Z.A., Gurbanov, K., Mulroney, S.E., Potlog, C., Opgenorth, T.J., Hoffman, A., Haramati, A., Winaver, J. Impaired nitric oxide-mediated renal vasodilation in rats with experimental heart failure: Role of angiotensin II. Circulation 1997, 96(10): 3655-64.
39. Garg, R., Yusuf, S. Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure: Collaborative Group on ACE Inhibitor Trials. JAMA 1995, 273: 1450-6.
40. Funaya, H., Kitakaze, M., Node, K., Minamino, T., Komamura, K., Hori, M. Plasma adenosine levels increase in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 1997, 95: 1363-5.
41. Sharma, R., Davidoff, M.N. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in heart failure. Congestive Heart Failure 2002, 8: 165-72.
42. Chen, Y.F., Li, P.L., Zou, A.P. Oxidative stress enhances the production and actions of adenosine in the kidney Am J Physiol 2001, 28: R1808-16.
43. Osswald, H., Nabakowski, G., Hermes, H. Adenosine as a possible mediator of metabolic control of glomerular filtration rate. Int J Biochem 1980, 12: 263-7.
44. Osswald, H., Vallon, V., Mülbauer, B. Role of adenosine in tubuloglomerular feedback and acute renal failure. J Autonomic Pharmacol 1996, 16: 377-80.
45. Baudouin-Legros, M., Badou, A., Paulais, M., Hammet, M., Teulon, J. Hypertonic NaCl enhances adenosine release and hormonal cAMP production in mouse thick ascending limb. Am J Physiol 1995, 269: F103-9.
46. Siragy, H.M., Linden, J. Sodium intake markedly alters renal interstitial fluid adenosine. Hypertension 1996, 27: 404-7.
47. 1 analogue on tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. Am J Physiol 1989, 257: F231-6.
48. 1 receptor blockade. Am J Physiol 1990, 258: F553-61.
49. Ren, Y., Arima, S., Carretero, O.A., Ito, S. Possible role of adenosine in macula densa control of glomerular hemodynamics. Kidney Int 2002, 61: 169-76.
50. Gerkens, J.F., Heidemann, H.T., Jackson, E.K., Branch, R.A. Aminophylline inhibits renal vasoconstriction produced by intrarenal hypertonic saline. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983, 225: 611-5.
51. Callis, J.T., Kuan, C.J., Branch, K.R., Abels, B.C., Sabra, R., Jackson, E.K., Branch, R.A. Inhibition of renal vasoconstriction induced by intrarenal hypertonic saline by the nonxanthine adenosine antagonist CGS 15843A. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989, 248: 1123-9.
52. Osswald, H., Hermes, H., Nabakowski, G. Role of adenosine in signal transmission of tubuloglomerular feedback. Kidney International 1982, 22: S136-42.
53. Sun, D., Samuelson, L.C., Yang, T., Huang, Y., Paliege, A., Saunders, T., Briggs, J., Schnermann, J. Mediation of tubuloglomerular feedback by adenosine: Evidence from mice lacking adenosine 1 receptors. Proc Natl Acad SciUS 2001, 98: 9983-8.
54. 1 receptor-deficient mice. Am J Physiol 2001, 281: R1362-7.
55. Thomson, S.C. Adenosine and purinergic mediators of tubuloglomerular feedback. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2002, 11: 81-6.
56. Nishiyama, A., Majid, D.S., Walker, M., 3rd., Miyatake, A., Navar, L.G. Renal interstitial ATP responses to changes in arterial pressure during alterations in tubuloglomerular feedback activity. Hypertension 2001, 37: 753-9.
57. Thomson, S., Bao, D., Deng, A., Vallon, V. Adenosine formed by 5′-nucleotidase mediates tubuloglomerular feedback. J Clin Invest 2000, 106: 289-98.
58. Coulson, R., Johnson, R.A., Olsson, R.A., Cooper, D.R., Scheinman, S.J. Adenosine stimulates phosphate and glucose transport in opossum kidney epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 1991, 260: F921-8.
59. 1 receptor. Am J Physiol 1993, 265: F511-9.
60. 1 receptor antagonist, on sodium-dependent phosphate and glucose transport by the rat renal proximal tubular cell. Life Sci 1994, 55: 839-45.
61. 1 receptor antagonist, is mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Am J Kidney Dis 1995, 26: 825-30.
62. Churchill, P.C. Renal effects of 2-chloroadenosine and their antagonism by aminophylline in anesthetized rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1982, 222: 319-23.
63. Cook, C. B., Churchill, P. C. Effects of renal denervation on the renal responses of anesthetized rats to cyclohexyladenosine. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 1984, 62: 934-8.
64. Churchill, P.C., Bidani, A.K., Churchill, M.C., Prada, J. Renal effects of 2-chloroadenosine in the two-kidney goldblatt rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1984, 230: 302-6.
65. Churchill, P.C., Bidani, A. Renal effects of selective adenosine receptor agonists in anesthetized rats. Am J Physiol 1987, 252: F299-303.
66. 2 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991, 257: 1005-12.
67. Edlund A., Sollevi, A. Renal effects of i.v. adenosine infusion in humans. Clinical Physiology 1993, 13(4): 361-71.
68. Balakrishnan, V.S., Coles, G.A., Williams, J.D. Effects of intravenous adenosine on renal function in healthy human subjects. Am J Physiol 1996, 271: F374-81.
69. Tagawa, H., Vander, A.J. Effects of adenosine compounds on renal function and renin secretion in dogs. Circ Res 1970, 26: 327-38.
70. Oßwald, H. Renal effects of adenosine and their inhibition by theophylline in dogs. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 1975, 288: 79-86.
71. Spielman, W.S. Antagonistic effect of theophylline on the adenosine-induced decrease in renin release. Am J Physiol 1984, 247:F246-51.
72. Deray, G., Branch, R.A., Herzer, W.A., Ohnishi, A., Jackson, E.K. Adenosine inhibits β-adrenoceptor but not DBcAMP- induced renin release. Am J Physiol 1987, 252: F46-F52.
73. Deray, G., Branch, R.A., Ohnishi, A., Jackson, E.K. Adenosine inhibits renin release induced by suprarenal-aortic constriction and prostacyclin. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 1989, 339: 590-5.
74. Miyamoto, M., Yagil, Y., Larson, T., Robertson, C., Jamison, R.L. Effects of intrarenal adenosine on renal function and medullary blood flow in the rat. Am J Physiol 1988, 255: F1230-4.
75. Yagil, Y. The effects of adenosine on water and sodium excretion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994, 268: 826-35.
76. Fransen, R., Koomans, H.A. Adenosine and renal sodium handling: Direct natriuresis and renal nerve-mediated antinatriuresis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995, 6: 1491-7.
77. 1 receptor antagonist. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999, 10: 714-20.
78. 1-adenosine receptor antagonist. J Pharm Pharmacol 1991, 43: 138-9.
79. 1 adenosine receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 1993, 109: 271-7.
80. 1 antagonist with renal protective and diuretic activities. J Med Chem 1991, 34: 466-9.
81. 1 adenosine receptors. J Cardiovascular Pharmacol 1993, 21: 822-8.
82. 1 receptor antagonist with unique diuretic activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998, 286: 1191-6.
83. 1-adenosine antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-[2-(5,6-epoxynorbonyl)]-xanthine. J Med Chem 1997, 40: 1773-8.
84. 1-receptor blockade in rats. Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation 1998, 13: 900-3.
85. Ticho, B. et al. Drug Dev Res, in press.
86. 1 receptor antagonists, on renal hemodynamics and urine formation in anesthetized dogs. Pharmacol 1997, 55: 193-201.
87. Balakrishnan, V.S., Coles, G.A., Williams, J.D. A potential role for endogenous adenosine in control of human glomerular and tubular function. Am J Physiol 1993, 265: F504-10.
88. van Buren, M., Bijlsma, J.A., Boer, P., van Rijn, H.J.M., Koomans, H.A. Natriuretic and hypotensive effect of adenosine- 1 blockade in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1993, 22: 728-34.
89. Balakrishnan, V.S., Coles, G.A., Williams, J.D. Functional role of endogenous adenosine in human chronic renal disease. Experimental Nephrology 1996, 4: 26-36.
90. B. Ticho et al. 7th Int Symp Adenosine Adenine Nucleotides (May 26-31, Gold Coast, Australia) 2002, 46.
91. cp rats chronically treated with salt and furosemide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001, 299: 978-87.
92. cp rat model. Effects of gender and genotype on age of expression of metabolic complication and congestive heart failure and on response to drug therapy. In: Frontiers in diabetes research: lesson from animal diabetes V. E. Shafrir (Ed.). pp. 255-270, Smith-Gorden, London 1994.
93. cp: A genetic model of congestive heart failure. In: Mechanisms of heart failure. P.K. Singal, I.M.C. Dixon, R.E. Beamish and Dhalla, M.S. (Eds.). pp. 91-106, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston 1995.
94. 1 on ventricular and renal function. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001, 38: 618-24.
95. 1) receptor inhibition in an experimental model of heart failure. Journal of the Am Coll Surg 2002, 194:603-9.
96. 1-adenosine receptor antagonist, and furosemide on glomerular filtration rate and natriuresis in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am College Cardiol 2000, 35: 56-9.
97. 1 adenosine receptor antagonist, protects against the decline in renal function observed with diuretic therapy. Circulation 2002, 105: 1348-53.
98. Feraille, E., Doucet, A. Sodium-potassium-adenosinetriphosphatase-dependent sodium transport in the kidney: hormonal control. Physiol Rev 2001, 81: 345-418.
99. 1 receptor blockade in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats: Role of pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000, 292: 752-60.
100. Jackson, E.K. Chapter 29: Diuretics. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (10th edition), Edited by J.G. Hardman et al., McGraw-Hill, New York, pages 757-787, 2001.
101. Persson, A.E., Wright, F.S. Evidence for feedback mediated reduction of glomerular filtration rate during infusion of acetazolamide. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1982, 114: 1-7.
102. Chou, C.C., Hook, J.B., Hsieh, C.P., Burns, T.D., Dabney, J.M. Effects of radiopaque dyes on renal vascular resistance. J Lab Clin Med 1971, 78: 705-12.
103. Ansari, Z., Baldwin, D.S. Acute renal failure due to radio-contrast agents. Nephron 1976, 17: 28-40.
104. Katzberg, R.W., Schulman, G., Meggs, L.G., Caldicott, W.J.H., Damieno, M.M., Hollenberg, N.K. Mechanism of renal response to contrast media in dogs: Decrease in renal function due to hypertonicity. Invest Radiol 1983, 18: 74-80.
105. Arend, L.J., Bakris, G.L., Burnett, J.C. Jr., Megerian, C., Spielman, W.S. Role for intrarenal adenosine in the renal hemodynamic response to contrast media. J Lab Clin Med 1987, 110: 406-11.
106. Deray, G., Martinez, F., Cacoub, P., Baumelou, B., Baumelou, A., Jacobs, C. A role for adenosine, calcium and ischemia in radiocontrast-induced intrarenal vasoconstriction. Am J Nephrol 1990, 10: 316-22.
107. Erley, C.M., Duda, S.H., Schlepckow, S., Koehler, J., Huppert, P.E., Strohmaier, W.L., Bohle, A., Risler, T., Osswald, H. Adenosine antagonist theophylline prevents the reduction of glomerular filtration rate after contrast media application. Kidney Int 1994, 45: 1425-31.
108. Katholi, R.E., Taylor, G.J., McCann, W.P., Woods, W.T. Jr., Womach, K.A., McCoy, C.D., Katholi, C.R. et al. Nephrotoxicity from contrast media: attenuation with theophylline. Radiology 1995, 195: 17-22.
109. Huber, W., Ilgmann, K., Page, M., Hennig, M., Schweigart, U., Jeschke, B., Lutilsky, L., Weiss, W., Salmhofer, H., Classen, M. Effect of theophylline on contrast material-nephropathy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency: Controlled, randomized, double-blinded study. Radiology 2002, 223: 772-9.
110. Erley, C.M., Heyne, N., Burgert, K., Langanke, J., Risler, T., Osswald, H. Prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy by adenosine antagonists in rats with chronic nitric oxide deficiency. J Am Soc Nephrol 1997, 8: 1125-32.
111. Erley, C.M., Heyne, E.N., Rossmeier, S., Vogel, T., Risler, T., Osswald, H. Adenosine and extracellular volume in radiocontrast media-induced nephropathy. Kidney Int 1998, 54: S-192-4.
112. 1 receptor antagonist KW-3902 prevents radiocontrast media-induced nephropathy in rats with chronic nitric oxide deficiency. Eur J Pharmacol 2001, 414: 99-104.
113. Oldroyd, S.D., Fang, L., Haylor, J.L., Yates, M.S., El Nahas, A.M., Morcos, S.K. Effects of adenosine receptor antagonists on the responses to contrast media in the isolated rat kidney. Clin Sci 2000, 98: 303-11.
114. Arakawa, K., Suzuki, H., Naitoh, M., Matsumoto, A., Hayashi, K., Matsuda, H., Ichihara, A., Kubota, E., Saruta, T. Role of adenosine in the renal responses to contrast medium. Kidney Int 1996, 49: 1199-206.
115. Nagashima, K., Yamagata, T., Ushiki, J., Yamaguchi, K., Nishiyama, A., Abe, Y., Karasawa, A. Role for renal interstitial adenosine in the contrast medium-induced renal dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephropathy 1998, 9: 428A.
116. Bidani, A.K., Churchill, P.C. Aminophylline ameliorates glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1983, 61: 567-71.
117. Bidani, A.K, Churchill, P.C., Packer, W. Theophylline- induced protection in myoglobinuric acute renal failure: Further characterization. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1987, 65: 42-5.
118. Bowmer, C.J., Collis, M.G., Yates, M.S. Effect of the adenosine antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1986, 88: 205-12.
119. Kellett, R., Bowmer, C.J., Collis, M.G., Yates, M.S. Amelioration of glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat with 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. Br J Pharmacol 1989, 98: 1066-74.
120. Panjehshahin, M.R., Munsey, T.S., Collis, M.G., Bowmer, C.J., Yates, M.S. Further characterization of the protective effect of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 1991, 44: 109-13.
121. 1 receptor antagonist (FR- 113453). Renal Fail 1993, 15:1-5.
122. 1-receptor antagonist, on experimental acute renal failure in rats. In: Proceed Int Symp Acute Renal Failure; October 2-4, 1991; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; page 92.
123. 1 antagonists. 2. Structure-activity relationships on diuretic activities and protective effects against acute renal failure. J Med Chem 1992, 35: 3066-75.
124. Heidemann, H.T., Müller, S., Mertins, L., Stepan, G., Hoffmann, K., Ohnhaus, E. Effect of aminophylline on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1989, 97: 313-8.
125. Knight, R.J., Collis, M.G., Yates, M.S., Bowmer, C.J. Amelioration of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure with 8- cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. Br J Pharmacol 1991, 104: 1062-8.
126. 1-receptor antagonist, against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1995, 67: 349-57.
127. 1-receptor antagonist, against gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1994, 65: 167-70.
128. 1-receptor antagonist, on accumulation of gentamicin in the proximal renal tubules in rats. Yakugaku Zasshi - J Pharmaceut Soc Jpn 2000, 120:801-805.
129. 1-receptor antagonist, on cephaloridine-induced acute renal failure in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1994, 64: 9-17.
130. Osswald, H., Schmitz, H.J., Kemper, R. Tissue content of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine in the rat kidney after ischemia and postischemic recirculation. Pflügers Arch 1977, 371: 45-9.
131. Sakai, K., Akima, M., Nabata, H. A possible purinergic mechanism for reactive ischemia in isolated, cross-circulated rat kidney. Jpn J Pharmacol 1979, 29: 235-42.
132. Lin, J.J., Churchill, P.C., Bidani, A.K. Effect of theophylline on the initiation phase of postischemic acute renal failure in rats. J Lab Clin Med 1986, 108: 150-4.
133. Gouyon, J.B., Guignard, J.P. Theophylline prevents the hypoxemia-induced renal hemodynamic changes in rabbits. Kidney International 1988, 33: 1078-83.
134. Lin, J.J., Churchill, P.C., Bidani, A.K. Theophylline in rats during maintenance phase of post-ischemic acute renal failure. Kidney Int 1988, 33:24-8.
135. 1 receptor antagonist KW-3902 prevents hypoxia-induced renal vasoconstriction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999, 291: 988-93.
136. 1 adenosine antagonist 8-cyclopentyl- 1,3-dipropylxanthine on acute renal dysfunction induced by Escherichia Coli endotoxin in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993, 45: 979-84.
137. 1-receptor antagonist KW- 3902 on lipopolysaccharide-induced reductions in urine volume and renal blood flow in anesthetized dogs. Jpn J Pharmacol 2000, 84: 310-5.
138. 1 adenosine receptor antagonism improves glucose tolerance in Zucker rats. Am J Physiol 1998, 274: E271-9.
139. Crist, G.H., Xu, B., Lanoue, K.F., Lang, CH. Tissue-specific effects of in vivo adenosine receptor blockade on glucose uptake in Zucker rats. FASEB J 1998, 12: 1301-8.
140. 2B adenosine receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2001, 9(10): 2709-26.
141. Tofovic, S.P., Salah, E.M., Smits, G., Whalley, E., Ticho, B., Jackson, E.K. Chronic A1 and A2b adenosine receptor blockade improves diabetes and attenuates renal and cardiac histopathology in animals with the metabolic syndrome. Abstr accepted for presentation at Am Coll Cardiol 2003.