메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 10-11, 2002, Pages 1305-1317

Fire on the New England landscape: Regional and temporal variation, cultural and environmental controls

Author keywords

Disturbance; Forest ecology; Fossil charcoal; Fossil pollen; Human impacts; New England; Palaeoecology; Presettlement vegetation and fire

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; CHARCOAL; FIRE HISTORY; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; HISTORICAL ECOLOGY; PALEOECOLOGY; PALYNOLOGY; VEGETATION HISTORY;

EID: 0036816481     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00758.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (87)

References (85)
  • 4
    • 0002015079 scopus 로고
    • The original forest types of southern New England
    • Bromley, S.W. (1935) The original forest types of southern New England. Ecology, 5, 61-89.
    • (1935) Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 61-89
    • Bromley, S.W.1
  • 5
    • 0003830054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42-Vol. 2. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT
    • Brown, J.K. & Smith, J.K. (eds) (2000) Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Flora. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42-Vol. 2. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT.
    • (2000) Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Flora
    • Brown, J.K.1    Smith, J.K.2
  • 6
    • 0021614195 scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic windthrow in the presettlement forests of Wisconsin
    • Canham, C.D. & Loucks, O.L. (1984) Catastrophic windthrow in the presettlement forests of Wisconsin. Ecology, 65, 803-809.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 803-809
    • Canham, C.D.1    Loucks, O.L.2
  • 7
    • 0034963083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pollen-slide and sieving methods in lacustrine charcoal analyses for local and regional fire history
    • Carcaillet, C., Bouvier, M., Frechette, B., Larouche, A.C. & Richard, P.J.H. (2001) Comparison of pollen-slide and sieving methods in lacustrine charcoal analyses for local and regional fire history. Holocene, 11, 467-476.
    • (2001) Holocene , vol.11 , pp. 467-476
    • Carcaillet, C.1    Bouvier, M.2    Frechette, B.3    Larouche, A.C.4    Richard, P.J.H.5
  • 8
    • 0000874203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobile farmers of pre-contact southern New England: The archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence. Current northeast paleoethnobotany
    • ed. J.P. Hart, Albany, NY
    • Chilton, E.S. (1999) Mobile farmers of pre-contact southern New England: The archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence. Current northeast paleoethnobotany (ed. J.P. Hart), pp. 157-176. New York State Museum Bulletin no. 494, Albany, NY.
    • (1999) New York State Museum Bulletin , vol.494 , pp. 157-176
    • Chilton, E.S.1
  • 10
    • 0000911139 scopus 로고
    • Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and thin sections of sediments
    • Clark, R.L. (1982) Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and thin sections of sediments. Pollen et Spores, 24, 523-535.
    • (1982) Pollen et Spores , vol.24 , pp. 523-535
    • Clark, R.L.1
  • 11
    • 0024252854 scopus 로고
    • Particle motion and the theory of charcoal analysis: Source area, transport, deposition, and sampling
    • Clark, J.S. (1988a) Particle motion and the theory of charcoal analysis: Source area, transport, deposition, and sampling. Quaternary Research, 30, 67-80.
    • (1988) Quaternary Research , vol.30 , pp. 67-80
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 12
    • 0024225773 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphic charcoal analysis on petrographic thin sections: Application to fire history in northwestern Minnesota
    • Clark, J.S. (1988b) Stratigraphic charcoal analysis on petrographic thin sections: Application to fire history in northwestern Minnesota. Quaternary Research, 30, 81-91.
    • (1988) Quaternary Research , vol.30 , pp. 81-91
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 13
    • 0025205643 scopus 로고
    • Fire and climate change during the last 750 yr in northwestern Minnesota
    • Clark, J.S. (1990) Fire and climate change during the last 750 yr in northwestern Minnesota. Ecological Monographs, 60, 135-159.
    • (1990) Ecological Monographs , vol.60 , pp. 135-159
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 14
    • 0028976664 scopus 로고
    • Transformation of a northern hardwood forest by aboriginal (Iroquois) fire: Charcoal evidence from Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada
    • Clark, J.S. & Royall, P.D. (1995) Transformation of a northern hardwood forest by aboriginal (Iroquois) fire: Charcoal evidence from Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada. Holocene, 5, 1-9.
    • (1995) Holocene , vol.5 , pp. 1-9
    • Clark, J.S.1    Royall, P.D.2
  • 15
    • 0030442490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local and regional sediment charcoal evidence for fire regimes in presettlement northeastern North America
    • Clark, J.S. & Royall, P.D. (1996) Local and regional sediment charcoal evidence for fire regimes in presettlement northeastern North America. Journal of Ecology, 84, 365-382.
    • (1996) Journal of Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 365-382
    • Clark, J.S.1    Royall, P.D.2
  • 16
    • 0036816476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forests of presettlement New England: Spatial and compositional patterns based on town proprietor surveys
    • Cogbill, C., Burk, J. & Motzkin, G. (2002) The forests of presettlement New England: Spatial and compositional patterns based on town proprietor surveys. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1279-1304.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1279-1304
    • Cogbill, C.1    Burk, J.2    Motzkin, G.3
  • 17
    • 29644432019 scopus 로고
    • The Indian population of New England in the seventeenth century
    • University of California, Berkeley
    • Cook, S.F. (1976) The Indian population of New England in the seventeenth century. Publications in Anthropology, no. 12, 1-91. University of California, Berkeley.
    • (1976) Publications in Anthropology , vol.12 , pp. 1-91
    • Cook, S.F.1
  • 20
    • 0032420574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patchy invasion and the origin of a hemlock-hardwoods forest mosaic
    • Davis, M.B., Calcote, R.R., Sugita, S.S. & Takahara, H. (1998) Patchy invasion and the origin of a hemlock-hardwoods forest mosaic. Ecology, 79, 2641-2659.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2641-2659
    • Davis, M.B.1    Calcote, R.R.2    Sugita, S.S.3    Takahara, H.4
  • 21
    • 0001468253 scopus 로고
    • The Indian as an ecological factor in the northeastern forest
    • Day, G.M. (1953) The Indian as an ecological factor in the northeastern forest. Ecology, 34, 329-346.
    • (1953) Ecology , vol.34 , pp. 329-346
    • Day, G.M.1
  • 22
    • 0029661236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleo- and historical-ecology of the Cutler grasslands, Cutler, Maine: Implications for future management
    • Dieffenbacher-Krall, A.C. (1996) Paleo- and historical-ecology of the Cutler grasslands, Cutler, Maine: Implications for future management. Natural Areas Journal, 16, 3-13.
    • (1996) Natural Areas Journal , vol.16 , pp. 3-13
    • Dieffenbacher-Krall, A.C.1
  • 23
    • 0034016165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the past and the present on species distribution: Land-use history and demography of wintergreen
    • Donohue, K., Foster, D.R. & Motzkin, G. (2000) Effects of the past and the present on species distribution: Land-use history and demography of wintergreen. Journal of Ecology, 88, 303-316.
    • (2000) Journal of Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 303-316
    • Donohue, K.1    Foster, D.R.2    Motzkin, G.3
  • 27
    • 0027067714 scopus 로고
    • Land-use history (1730-1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New England, USA
    • Foster, D. (1992) Land-use history (1730-1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology, 80, 753-772.
    • (1992) Journal of Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 753-772
    • Foster, D.1
  • 29
    • 0002259221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical influences on the landscape of Martha's Vineyard: Perspectives on the management of the Manuel F Correllus State Forest
    • Harvard University, Petersham, MA
    • Foster, D.R. & Motzkin, G. (1999) Historical influences on the landscape of Martha's Vineyard: Perspectives on the management of the Manuel F Correllus State Forest. Harvard Forest Paper No. 23. Harvard University, Petersham, MA.
    • (1999) Harvard Forest Paper No. 23 , vol.23
    • Foster, D.R.1    Motzkin, G.2
  • 30
    • 0003032714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use history as long-term broad-scale disturbance: Regional forest dynamics in central New England
    • Foster, D.R., Motzkin, G. & Slater, B. (1998) Land-use history as long-term broad-scale disturbance: Regional forest dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems, 1, 96-119.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 96-119
    • Foster, D.R.1    Motzkin, G.2    Slater, B.3
  • 31
    • 0036816852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural, environmental and historical controls of vegetation patterns and the modern conservation setting on the island of Martha's Vineyard, USA
    • Foster, D.R., Hall, B., III, Barry, S., Clayden, S. & Parshall, T. (2002) Cultural, environmental and historical controls of vegetation patterns and the modern conservation setting on the island of Martha's Vineyard, USA. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1381-1400.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1381-1400
    • Foster, D.R.1    Hall B. III2    Barry, S.3    Clayden, S.4    Parshall, T.5
  • 32
    • 0027423875 scopus 로고
    • Long-term vegetation dynamics and disturbance history of a Tsuga-dominated forest in New England
    • Foster, D.R. & Zebryk, T.M. (1993) Long-term vegetation dynamics and disturbance history of a Tsuga-dominated forest in New England. Ecology, 74, 982-998.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 982-998
    • Foster, D.R.1    Zebryk, T.M.2
  • 33
    • 0035044051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of small New England ponds to historic land use
    • Francis, D.R. & Foster, D.R. (2001) Response of small New England ponds to historic land use. Holocene, 11, 301-312.
    • (2001) Holocene , vol.11 , pp. 301-312
    • Francis, D.R.1    Foster, D.R.2
  • 34
    • 0026005385 scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance regimes in hemlock-hardwood forests of the Upper Great Lakes Region
    • Frelich, L.E. & Lorimer, C.G. (1991) Natural disturbance regimes in hemlock-hardwood forests of the Upper Great Lakes Region. Ecological Monographs, 61, 145-164.
    • (1991) Ecological Monographs , vol.61 , pp. 145-164
    • Frelich, L.E.1    Lorimer, C.G.2
  • 35
    • 0002591725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of human activity on regional forest composition and dynamics in central New England
    • Fuller, J.L., Foster, D.R., McLachlan, J.S. & Drake, N. (1998) Impact of human activity on regional forest composition and dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems, 1, 76-95.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 76-95
    • Fuller, J.L.1    Foster, D.R.2    McLachlan, J.S.3    Drake, N.4
  • 36
    • 0034893216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charcoal accumulation following a recent fire in the Cascade Range, and its relevance for fire-history studies
    • Gardner, J.J. & Whitlock, C. (2001) Charcoal accumulation following a recent fire in the Cascade Range, and its relevance for fire-history studies. Holocene, 11, 541-549.
    • (2001) Holocene , vol.11 , pp. 541-549
    • Gardner, J.J.1    Whitlock, C.2
  • 37
    • 0022193471 scopus 로고
    • Late-Quaternary pollen stratigraphy and isochrone maps for the northeastern United States
    • eds V.M. Bryant and R.G. Holloway. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation Contributions Series, Dallas, TX
    • Gaudreau, D.C. & Webb, T., III (1985) Late-Quaternary pollen stratigraphy and isochrone maps for the northeastern United States. Pollen Records of Late-Quaternary North American Sediments (eds V.M. Bryant and R.G. Holloway), pp. 245-280. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation Contributions Series, Dallas, TX.
    • (1985) Pollen Records of Late-Quaternary North American Sediments , pp. 245-280
    • Gaudreau, D.C.1    Webb T. III2
  • 38
    • 0035155176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term effects of land-use history on nitrogen cycling in northern hardwood forests
    • Goodale, C.L. & Aber, J.D. (2001) The long-term effects of land-use history on nitrogen cycling in northern hardwood forests. Ecological Applications, 11, 253-267.
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 253-267
    • Goodale, C.L.1    Aber, J.D.2
  • 39
    • 0036816019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three hundred years of forest and land-use change in Massachusetts, USA
    • Hall, B., Motzkin, G., Foster, D., Syfert, M. & Burk, J. (2002) Three hundred years of forest and land-use change in Massachusetts, USA. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1319-1335.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1319-1335
    • Hall, B.1    Motzkin, G.2    Foster, D.3    Syfert, M.4    Burk, J.5
  • 40
    • 0031811888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative representation of local forest composition in forest-floor pollen assemblages
    • Jackson, S.T. & Kearsley, J.B. (1998) Quantitative representation of local forest composition in forest-floor pollen assemblages. Journal of Ecology, 86, 474-490.
    • (1998) Journal of Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 474-490
    • Jackson, S.T.1    Kearsley, J.B.2
  • 41
    • 0002548180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen dispersal models in Quaternary plant ecology: Assumptions, parameters, and prescriptions
    • Jackson, S.T. & Lyford, M.E. (1999) Pollen dispersal models in Quaternary plant ecology: Assumptions, parameters, and prescriptions. Botanical Review, 65, 39-75.
    • (1999) Botanical Review , vol.65 , pp. 39-75
    • Jackson, S.T.1    Lyford, M.E.2
  • 42
    • 0027705063 scopus 로고
    • Lake morphometry, sediment mixing and the selection of sites for fine-resolution palaeoecological studies
    • Larsen, C.P.S. & MacDonald, G.M. (1993) Lake morphometry, sediment mixing and the selection of sites for fine-resolution palaeoecological studies. Quaternary Science Reviews, 12, 781-792.
    • (1993) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.12 , pp. 781-792
    • Larsen, C.P.S.1    MacDonald, G.M.2
  • 43
    • 0001109868 scopus 로고
    • Fire and plant succession in the New Jersey Pine Barrens
    • ed. R.T.T. Forman. Academic Press, New York, NY
    • Little, S. (1979) Fire and plant succession in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape (ed. R.T.T. Forman), pp. 297-314. Academic Press, New York, NY.
    • (1979) Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape , pp. 297-314
    • Little, S.1
  • 44
    • 0000865874 scopus 로고
    • Pinus rigida Mill
    • eds R.M. Burns and B.H. Honkala. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC
    • Little, S. & Garrett P.W. (1990) Pinus rigida Mill. Silvics of North America, Vol. 1, Conifers (eds R.M. Burns and B.H. Honkala), pp. 456-462. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC
    • (1990) Silvics of North America, Vol. 1, Conifers , vol.1 , pp. 456-462
    • Little, S.1    Garrett, P.W.2
  • 45
    • 0031694833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 9000-year fire history from the Oregon Coast Range, based on a high-resolution charcoal study
    • Long, C.J., Whitlock, C., Bartlein, P.J. & Millspaugh, S.H. (1998) A 9000-year fire history from the Oregon Coast Range, based on a high-resolution charcoal study. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 28, 774-787.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.28 , pp. 774-787
    • Long, C.J.1    Whitlock, C.2    Bartlein, P.J.3    Millspaugh, S.H.4
  • 46
    • 0000488279 scopus 로고
    • The presettlement forest and natural disturbance cycle of Northeastern Maine
    • Lorimer, C.G. (1977) The presettlement forest and natural disturbance cycle of Northeastern Maine. Ecology, 58, 139-148.
    • (1977) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 139-148
    • Lorimer, C.G.1
  • 47
    • 0034948149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical and ecological roles of disturbance in eastern North American forests: 9,000 years of change
    • Lorimer, C.G. (2001) Historical and ecological roles of disturbance in eastern North American forests: 9,000 years of change. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 29, 425-439.
    • (2001) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.29 , pp. 425-439
    • Lorimer, C.G.1
  • 48
    • 0026074993 scopus 로고
    • The reconstruction of boreal forest fire history from lake sediments: A comparison of charcoal, pollen, sedimentological, and geochemical indices
    • MacDonald, G.M., Larsen, C.P.S., Szeicz, J.S. & Moser, K.A. (1991) The reconstruction of boreal forest fire history from lake sediments: A comparison of charcoal, pollen, sedimentological, and geochemical indices. Quaternary Science Reviews, 10, 53-71.
    • (1991) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.10 , pp. 53-71
    • MacDonald, G.M.1    Larsen, C.P.S.2    Szeicz, J.S.3    Moser, K.A.4
  • 49
    • 0030620941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene vegetation, climate, and fire history of the Hudson Highlands, southeastern New York, USA
    • Maenza-Gmelch, T.E. (1997) Holocene vegetation, climate, and fire history of the Hudson Highlands, southeastern New York, USA. Holocene, 7, 25-37.
    • (1997) Holocene , vol.7 , pp. 25-37
    • Maenza-Gmelch, T.E.1
  • 50
    • 0000544484 scopus 로고
    • Human disturbance of North American forest and grasslands: The fossil pollen record
    • eds B. Huntley and T. III Webb. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • McAndrews, J.H. (1988) Human disturbance of North American forest and grasslands: The fossil pollen record. Vegetation History (eds B. Huntley and T. III Webb), pp. 673-697. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
    • (1988) Vegetation History , pp. 673-697
    • McAndrews, J.H.1
  • 51
    • 0000468498 scopus 로고
    • Pollen analysis of varved sediment
    • ed. R.J. Fulton. Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, No. 1
    • McAndrews, J.H. & Boyko-Diakonow, M. (1989) Pollen analysis of varved sediment. Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland (ed. R.J. Fulton), pp. 528-530. Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, No. 1.
    • (1989) Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland , pp. 528-530
    • McAndrews, J.H.1    Boyko-Diakonow, M.2
  • 52
    • 0028979520 scopus 로고
    • A 750-year fire history based on lake sediment records in central Yellowstone National Park, USA
    • Millspaugh, S.H. & Whitlock, C. (1995) A 750-year fire history based on lake sediment records in central Yellowstone National Park, USA. Holocene, 5, 283-292.
    • (1995) Holocene , vol.5 , pp. 283-292
    • Millspaugh, S.H.1    Whitlock, C.2
  • 53
    • 0034431766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in fire frequency and climate over the past 17 000 yr in central Yellowstone National Park
    • Millspaugh, S.H., Whitlock, C. & Bartlein, P.J. (2000) Variations in fire frequency and climate over the past 17 000 yr in central Yellowstone National Park. Geology, 28, 211-214.
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 211-214
    • Millspaugh, S.H.1    Whitlock, C.2    Bartlein, P.J.3
  • 54
    • 0036816041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grasslands, heathlands and shrublands in New England: Historical interpretation and approaches to conservation
    • Motzkin, G. & Foster, D.R. (2002) Grasslands, heathlands and shrublands in New England: Historical interpretation and approaches to conservation. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1569-1590.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1569-1590
    • Motzkin, G.1    Foster, D.R.2
  • 55
    • 0030390674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling site to evaluate history: Vegetation patterns of a New England sand plain
    • Motzkin, G., Foster, D., Allen, A., Harrod, J. & Boone, R. (1996) Controlling site to evaluate history: Vegetation patterns of a New England sand plain. Ecological Monographs, 66, 345-365.
    • (1996) Ecological Monographs , vol.66 , pp. 345-365
    • Motzkin, G.1    Foster, D.2    Allen, A.3    Harrod, J.4    Boone, R.5
  • 56
    • 0032805447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A historical perspective on pitch pine-scrub oak communities in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts
    • Motzkin, G. & Patterson, W.A. III & Foster, D.R. (1999) A historical perspective on pitch pine-scrub oak communities in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts. Ecosystems, 2, 255-273.
    • (1999) Ecosystems , vol.2 , pp. 255-273
    • Motzkin, G.1    Patterson W.A. III2    Foster, D.R.3
  • 57
    • 0001675980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Holocene stand-scale invasion by hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) at its western range limit
    • Parshall, T. (2002) Late Holocene stand-scale invasion by hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) at its western range limit. Ecology, 83, 1386-1398.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 1386-1398
    • Parshall, T.1
  • 59
    • 0035157172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pollen from regional vegetation on stand-scale forest reconstruction
    • Parshall, T. & Calcote, R.R. (2001) Effect of pollen from regional vegetation on stand-scale forest reconstruction. Holocene, 11, 81-87.
    • (2001) Holocene , vol.11 , pp. 81-87
    • Parshall, T.1    Calcote, R.R.2
  • 61
    • 0000760059 scopus 로고
    • Fire and disease history of forests
    • eds B. Huntley and T. III Webb. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • Patterson, W.A. III & Backman, A.E. (1988) Fire and disease history of forests. Vegetation History (eds B. Huntley and T. III Webb), pp. 603-632. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
    • (1988) Vegetation History , pp. 603-632
    • Patterson W.A. III1    Backman, A.E.2
  • 62
    • 0003131015 scopus 로고
    • Indian fires in the prehistory of New England
    • ed. G.P. Nicholas. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York
    • Patterson, W.A. III & Sassaman, K.E. (1988) Indian fires in the prehistory of New England. Holocene Human Ecology in Northeastern North America (ed. G.P. Nicholas), pp. 107-135. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York.
    • (1988) Holocene Human Ecology in Northeastern North America , pp. 107-135
    • Patterson W.A. III1    Sassaman, K.E.2
  • 63
    • 0022214390 scopus 로고
    • Pollen representation, source area, and basin size: Toward a unified theory of pollen analysis
    • Prentice, I.C. (1985) Pollen representation, source area, and basin size: Toward a unified theory of pollen analysis. Quaternary Research, 23, 76-86.
    • (1985) Quaternary Research , vol.23 , pp. 76-86
    • Prentice, I.C.1
  • 66
    • 0021056826 scopus 로고
    • Indian-set fires in the forests of the northeastern United States
    • Russell, E.W.B. (1983) Indian-set fires in the forests of the northeastern United States. Ecology, 64, 78-88.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 78-88
    • Russell, E.W.B.1
  • 67
    • 0035651720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five centuries of changing forest vegetation in the Northeastern United States
    • Russell, E.W.B. & Davis, R.B. (2001) Five centuries of changing forest vegetation in the Northeastern United States. Plant Ecology, 155, 1-13.
    • (2001) Plant Ecology , vol.155 , pp. 1-13
    • Russell, E.W.B.1    Davis, R.B.2
  • 70
    • 0028164790 scopus 로고
    • Pollen representation of vegetation in Quaternary sediments: Theory and method in patchy vegetation
    • Sugita, S. (1994) Pollen representation of vegetation in Quaternary sediments: Theory and method in patchy vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 82, 881-897.
    • (1994) Journal of Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 881-897
    • Sugita, S.1
  • 71
    • 0027788233 scopus 로고
    • Fire history and climate changes in giant sequoia groves
    • Swetnam, T.W. (1993) Fire history and climate changes in giant sequoia groves. Science, 262, 885-889.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 885-889
    • Swetnam, T.W.1
  • 72
    • 0032700230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied historical ecology: Using the past to manage for the future
    • Swetnam, T.W., Allen, C.D. & Betancourt, J.L. (1999) Applied historical ecology: Using the past to manage for the future. Ecological Applications, 9, 1189-1206.
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 1189-1206
    • Swetnam, T.W.1    Allen, C.D.2    Betancourt, J.L.3
  • 73
    • 0031909248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen and charcoal in lake sediments compared with historically documented forest fires in southern Switzerland since AD 1920
    • Tinner, W., Conedera, M., Ammann, B., Gäggeler, H.W., Gedye, S., Jones, R. & Sägesser, B. (1998) Pollen and charcoal in lake sediments compared with historically documented forest fires in southern Switzerland since AD 1920. Holocene, 8, 31-42.
    • (1998) Holocene , vol.8 , pp. 31-42
    • Tinner, W.1    Conedera, M.2    Ammann, B.3    Gäggeler, H.W.4    Gedye, S.5    Jones, R.6    Sägesser, B.7
  • 74
    • 0002145817 scopus 로고
    • Charred particle analysis
    • ed. B.E. Berglund. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY
    • Tolonen, K. (1986) Charred particle analysis. Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology (ed. B.E. Berglund), pp. 485-496. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
    • (1986) Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology , pp. 485-496
    • Tolonen, K.1
  • 75
    • 0027039308 scopus 로고
    • Effects of soils on the Holocene history of forest communities, Cape Cod Massachusetts, USA
    • Tzedakis, P.C. (1992) Effects of soils on the Holocene history of forest communities, Cape Cod Massachusetts, USA. Geographyraphie Physique et Quaternaire, 46, 113-124.
    • (1992) Geographyraphie Physique et Quaternaire , vol.46 , pp. 113-124
    • Tzedakis, P.C.1
  • 76
    • 0001852319 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation, lake levels, and climate in eastern North America for the past 18,000 years
    • eds H.E. Jr Wright, J.E. Kutzbach, T. III Webb, W.F. Ruddiman, F.A. Street-Perrott and P.J. Bartlein. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN
    • Webb, T., III, Bartlein, P.J., Harrison, S.P. & Anderson, K.H. (1993) Vegetation, lake levels, and climate in eastern North America for the past 18,000 years. Global Climates Since the last Glacial Maximum (eds H.E. Jr Wright, J.E. Kutzbach, T. III Webb, W.F. Ruddiman, F.A. Street-Perrott and P.J. Bartlein), pp. 415-467. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
    • (1993) Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum , pp. 415-467
    • Webb T. III1    Bartlein, P.J.2    Harrison, S.P.3    Anderson, K.H.4
  • 77
    • 0000686451 scopus 로고
    • Natural forest vegetation zones of New England
    • Westveld, M. (1956) Natural forest vegetation zones of New England. Journal of Forestry, 54, 332-338.
    • (1956) Journal of Forestry , vol.54 , pp. 332-338
    • Westveld, M.1
  • 78
    • 0004246698 scopus 로고
    • University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    • Whelan, R.J. (1995) The Ecology of Fire. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    • (1995) The Ecology of Fire
    • Whelan, R.J.1
  • 79
    • 0029667991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the assumptions of fire-history studies: An examination of modern charcoal accumulation in Yellowstone National Park, USA
    • Whitlock, C. & Millspaugh, S.H. (1996) Testing the assumptions of fire-history studies: An examination of modern charcoal accumulation in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Holocene, 6, 7-15.
    • (1996) Holocene , vol.6 , pp. 7-15
    • Whitlock, C.1    Millspaugh, S.H.2
  • 80
    • 0022847805 scopus 로고
    • Relation of Michigan's presettlement pine forests to substrate and disturbance history
    • Whitney, G.G. (1986) Relation of Michigan's presettlement pine forests to substrate and disturbance history. Ecology, 67, 1548-1559.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1548-1559
    • Whitney, G.G.1
  • 83
    • 0022180872 scopus 로고
    • A 12,000-year history of vegetation and climate for Cape Cod, Massachusetts
    • Winkler, M.G. (1985a) A 12,000-year history of vegetation and climate for Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Quaternary Research, 23, 301-312.
    • (1985) Quaternary Research , vol.23 , pp. 301-312
    • Winkler, M.G.1
  • 84
    • 0022235252 scopus 로고
    • Charcoal analysis for paleoenvironmental interpretation: A chemical assay
    • Winkler, M.G. (1985b) Charcoal analysis for paleoenvironmental interpretation: A chemical assay. Quaternary Research, 23, 313-326.
    • (1985) Quaternary Research , vol.23 , pp. 313-326
    • Winkler, M.G.1
  • 85
    • 0001509383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary climate, fire, and vegetation dynamics
    • eds J.S. Clark, H. Cachier, J.G. Goldammer and B. Stocks. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany
    • Winkler, M.G. (1997) Late Quaternary climate, fire, and vegetation dynamics. Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change (eds J.S. Clark, H. Cachier, J.G. Goldammer and B. Stocks), pp. 329-346. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
    • (1997) Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change , pp. 329-346
    • Winkler, M.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.