Assessment of Physical Education Time and After-School Outdoor Time in Elementary and Middle School Students in South Mexico City: The Dilemma between Physical Fitness and the Adverse Health Effects of Outdoor Pollutant Exposure

Archives of Environmental Health

Volumn 57, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 450-460

  Villarreal Calderón, Anna ^a   Acuña, Hilda ^b   Villarreal Calderón, Jessica ^c   Garduño, MÓnica ^d   Henríquez Roldán, Carlos F ^e   Calderón Garcidueñas, Lilian ^f   Valencia Salazar, Gildardo ^g  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

^b UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

^c SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES   (Mexico)

^d Escuela Secundaria Técnica 11   (Mexico)

^e UNIVERSIDAD DE VALPARAÍSO   (Chile)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^g Soc Mex de Pediatría   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Children; Outdoor pollutant exposure; Ozone; Particulate matter; Physical education; South mexico city

Indexed keywords

ALDEHYDE DERIVATIVE; OZONE; TOBACCO SMOKE;

AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY; AIR SAMPLING; ARTICLE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DIETARY INTAKE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; FITNESS; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEXICO; PARTICULATE MATTER; PATIENT EDUCATION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL EDUCATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; QUESTIONNAIRE; SCHOOL CHILD; STUDENT;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 0036771111     PISSN: 00039896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00039890209601437     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Summary of Selected New Information on Effects of Ozone on Health and Vegetation. Supplement to Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photochemical Pollutants. Research Triangle Park, NC: EPA, 1992; EPA Pub no 600/8-88/105F.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter: Vol 1-3. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development. Research Triangle Park, NC: EPA, 1996; EPA Pub no 600P-95/0001cF.
3. Dockery DW, Speizer FE, Stram DO, et al. Effects of inhalable particles on respiratory health of children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139:587-94.
4. Pope CA, Dockery DW. Acute health effects of PM0 pollution on symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145:1123-28.
5. Folinsbee LJ. Human health effects of air pollution. Environ Health Perpect 1993; 100:45-56.
6. Pinter A, Rudnai P, Sarkany E, et al. Air pollution and children's respiratory morbidity in the Tata area, Hungary. Cent Eur J Public Health 1996; 4:17-20.
7. Ulmer C, Kopp M, Ihorst G, et al. Effects of ambient ozone exposures during the spring and summer of 1994 on pulmonary function of school children. Pediatr Pulmonol 1997; 23:344-53.
8. Abbey DE, Nishino N, McDonnell WF, et al. Long-term inhalable particles and other air pollutants related to mortality in non-smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:373-82.
9. Tellez-Rojo MM, Romieu I, Ruiz-Velasco S, et al. Daily respiratory mortality and PM, 0pollution in Mexico City: importance of considering place of death. Eur Respir J 2000; 16:391-96.
10. Gilliland FD, McConnell R, Peters J, et al. A theoretical basis for investigating ambient air pollution and children's respiratory health. Environ Health Perpect 1999; 107:403-07.
11. Peters JM, Avol E, Navidi W, et al. A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:760-67.
12. Calderén-Garciduertas I, Mora-Tiscarefio A, Chung CJ, et al. Ex-posure to air pollution is associated with lung hyperinflation in healthy children and adolescents in southwest Mexico City: a pilot study. Inhal Toxicol 2000; 12:101-25.
13. Ceyh AS, Xue J, Ozkaynak H, et al. The Harvard Southern California Chronic Ozone Exposure Study: assessing ozone exposure of grade-school-age children in two Southern California communities. Environ Health Perpect 2000; 108:265-70.
14. Bravo H, Torres R, Sosa R. Ozone and its night time concentrations in the southern Mexico City metropolitan area. Geofis Int 1988; 27:83-98.
15. Cicero-Fernandez P, Thistlewaite WA, Falcon YJ, et al. TSP, PM, 0 and PMir/TSP ratios ¡n the Mexico City metropolitan area: a temporal and spatial approach. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1993; 3:1-14.
16. Blake DR, Rowland FS. Urban leakage of liquefied petroleum gas and its impact on Mexico City air quality. Science 1995; 269: 953-56.
17. Baez AP, Belmont R, Padilla H. Measurements of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the atmosphere of Mexico City. Environ Pol-lut 1995; 89:163-67.
18. Meneses F, Romieu I, Ramirez M, et al. A survey of personal exposures to benzene in Mexico City. Arch Environ Health 1999; 54:359-63.
19. Edgerton SA, Bian X, Doran JC, et al. Particulate air pollution in Mexico City: a collaborative research project. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 1999;49:1221-29.
20. Castillejos M, Gold DR, Damokosh AI, et al. Acute effects of ozone on the pulmonary function of exercising schoolchildren from Mexico City. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 1501-07.
21. Gold DR, Damokosh AI, Pope CA, et al. Particulate and ozone pollutant effects on the respiratory function of children in southwest Mexico City. Epidemiology 1999; 10:8-16.
22. Loomis D, Castillejos M, Gold DR, et al. Air pollution and infant mortality in Mexico City. Epidemiology 1999; 10:118-23.
23. Miller FJ, Overton JH Jr., Jaskot RH, et al. A model of regional uptake of gaseous pollutants in the lung. I. The sensitivity of the uptake of ozone in the human lung to lower respiratory tract secretions and exercise. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1985; 79:11-27.
24. Dockery DW, Brunekreet B. Longitudinal studies of air pollution effects on lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: S250-56.
25. Burri P. Postnatal development and growth. In: Crystal R, West J, (Eds). The Lung: Scientific Foundations. Philadelphia, PA: Raven Press, 1997.
26. Mercer RR, Russell ML, Crapo JD. Alveolar septal structure in different species. J Appl Physiol 1994; 77:1060-66.
27. Harkema JR, Plopper CG, Hyde DM, et al. Response of the macaque bronchiolar epithelium to ambient concentrations of ozone. Am J Pathol 1993; 143:857-66.
28. Chang LY, Huang Y, Stockstill BL, et al. Epithelial injury and interstitial fibrosis in the proximal alveolar regions of rats chronically exposed to a simulated pattern of urban ambient ozone. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1992; 115:241-52.
29. Nikula KJ, Avila KJ, Griffith WC, et al. Lung tissue responses and sites of particle retention differ between rats and Cynomologus monkeys exposed chronically to diesel exhaust and coal dust. Tundam Appl Toxicol 1997; 37:37-53.
30. Calderén-Garciduefia L, Valencia-Salazar G, Rodriguez-Alcaraz A, et al. Ultraslructural nasal pathology in children chronically and sequentially exposed to air pollutants. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 24:132-38.
31. Fry FA, Black A. Regional deposition and clearance of particles in the human nose. J Aerosol Sci 1973; 4:113-24.
32. Schwab JA, Zenkel M. Filtration of particulates in the human nose. Laryngoscope 1998;108:120-12.
33. Environmental tobacco smoke: a hazard to children. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Environmental Health. Pediatrics 1997; 99:639-42.
34. Witschi H, Joad JP, Pinkerton KE. The toxicology of environmental tobacco smoke. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1997; 37: 29-52.
35. Kunzli N, Lurman F, Segal M, et al. Reliability of lifetime residential history and activity measures as elements of cumulative ambient ozone exposure assessment. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1996;6:289-310.
36. Peters JM, Avol E, Gauderman WJ, et al. A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. II. Effects on pulmonary function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:768-75.
37. Francis KT. Status of year 2000 health goals for physical activity and fitness. Phys Ther 1999; 79:405-14.
38. Vargas LA, Casillas LE. Curso Taller introductorio sobre indicadores antropométricos para evaluar el estado de nutrición en adultos. Anthropometric indicators to evaluate the nutritional status in adults. VII Reunión Anual AMMFEN México 1992.
39. Gómez-Peresmitré G, Saucedo-Molina T. Validez diagnóstica del IMC (índice de masa corporal) en una muestra de escolares preadolescentes y adolescentes mexicanos. [Diagnostic validation of the BMI (body mass index) in a cohort of Mexican preadolescents and adolescents. J Acta Pediatr Mex 1997; 18:103-10.
40. Weston AT, Petosa R, Pate RR. Validation of an instrument for measurement of physical activity in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29:138-43.
41. Fajardo-Gutierrez A, Navarrete-Martínez A, Reynoso-García M, et al. Malignant neoplasms in children attending Social Security Hospitals in Mexico City. Med Pediatr Oncol 1997; 29:208-12.
42. Janssen NA, Hoek G, Harssema H, et al. Childhood exposure to PM, 0: relation between personal, classroom, and outdoor concentrations. Occup Environ Med 1997; 54:888-94.
43. Rojas-Bracho L, Suh HH, Koutrakis P. Relationships among personal, indoor, and outdoor fine and coarse particle concentrations for individuals with COPD. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 2000; 10:294-306.
44. Wilson WFC, Mage DT, Grant LD. Estimating separately personal exposure to ambient and nonambient particulate matter for epidemiology and risk assessment: why and how. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2000; 50:1167-83.
45. Oglesby L, Kunzli N, Roosli M, et al. Validity of ambient levels of fine particles as surrogate for personal exposure to outdoor air pollution-results of the European EXPOLIS-EAS Study. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2000; 50:1251-61.
46. Spier CE, Little DE, Trim SC, et al. Activity patterns in elementary and high school students exposed to oxidant pollution. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1992, 2:277-93.
47. Gold DR, Allen G, Damokosh A, et al. Comparison of outdoor and classroom ozone exposures for school children in Mexico City. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 1996; 46:335-42.
48. Kuri-Morales P, Cravioto P, Hoy M, et al. Illegal sales of cigarettes to minors-Mexico City, Mexico, 1997. MMWR 1997; 46(20): 440-44.
49. Fernandez-Garate IH, Escobedo de la Peña J, Hernandez-Tamayo D, et al. Tobacco consumption in the population insured by Mexican Institute of Social Security. Salud Publica Mex 1997; 39:125-32.
50. Stebbins KR. Making a killing south of the border: transnational cigarette companies in Mexico and Guatemala. Soc Sci Med 1994; 38:105-15.
51. Avila-Curiel A, Shamah-Levy T, Galindo-Gomez C, et al. Child malnutrition in the Mexican rural setting. Salud Publica Mex 1998; 40:150-60.
52. Hernandez B, Gortmaker SL, Colditz GA, et al. Association of obesity with physical activity, television programs and other forms of video viewing among children in Mexico City. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23:845-54.
53. Lerman-Garber I, Villa AR, Martinez CL, et al. The prevalence of obesity and its determinants in urban and rural aging Mexican populations. Obes Res 1999; 7:402-06.
54. Koren HS. Environmental risk factors in atopic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1997; 113:65-68.
55. Abramson MJ, Walters EH. The epidemic of asthma: too much allergen or not enough infection? Med J Aust 2000; 172:119-21.
56. Ball TM, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Griffith KA, et al. Siblings, daycare attendance, and the risk of asthma and wheezing during childhood. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:538-43.
57. Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly of the American Thoracic Society (ATS). Health effects of outdoor air pollution, Part 1. Am Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:3-50.
58. DiNubile NA. Youth fitness-problems and solutions. Prev Med 1993;22:589-94.
59. Kuntzleman CT. Childhood fitness: what is happening? What needs to be done? Prev Med 1993; 22:520-32.
60. Pope CA. Epidemiology of fine particulate air pollution and human health: biological mechanisms and who's at risk? Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108:713-23.
61. Ley General del Equilibrio Ecológico y la Protección al Ambiente, 14 April 2000. http://www.ine.gob.mx