Environmental tobacco smoke: A hazard to children

Pediatrics

Volumn 99, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 639-642

  Etzel, R A ^a   Balk, S J ^a   Bearer, C F ^a   Miller, M D ^a   Shea, K M ^a   Simon, P R ^a   Falk, H ^a   Miller, R W ^a   Rogan, W ^a   Hendrick, J G ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASTHMA; CANCER RISK; CIGARETTE SMOKING; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HEALTH HAZARD; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; MIDDLE EAR EFFUSION; PASSIVE SMOKING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME;

EID: 0030946643     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.99.4.639     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 1992, and changes in the definition of current cigarette smoking. MMWR. 1994;43:342-346
2. Pirkle JL, Flegal KM, Bernert JT, Brody DJ, Etzel RA, Maurer KR. Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. JAMA. 1996;275:1233-1240
3. Schwab M, McDermott A, Spengler JD. Using longitudinal data to understand children's activity patterns in an exposure context: data from the Kanawha County Health Study. Environ Int. 1992;18:173-189
4. National Research Council. Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 1986:28
5. Spengler JD, Dockery DW, Turner WA, et al. Long-term measurements of respirable sulfates and particles inside and outside homes. Atmos Environ. 1981;15:23-30
6. Dockery DW, Spengler JD. Indoor-outdoor relationship of respirable sulfates and particles. Atmos Environ. 1981;15:335-343
7. Lefcoe NM, Inculet II. Particulates in domestic premises. Arch Environ Health. 1971;22:230-238
8. Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Office on Smoking and Health. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Office on Smoking and Health; 1986. US Dept of Health and Human Services publication CDC 87-8398
9. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Air and Radiation. Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Air and Radiation; 1992. Environmental Protection Agency publication EPA/600/6-90/006F
10. Cameron P. The presence of pets and smoking as correlates of perceived disease. J Allergy. 1967;40:12-15
11. Harlap S, Davies AM. Infant admissions to the hospital and maternal smoking, Lancet. 1974;1:529-532
12. Rantakallio P. Relationship of maternal smoking to morbidity and mortality of the child up to the age of five. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1978;67: 621-631
13. Colley JR, Holland WW, Corkhill RT. Influence of passive smoking and parental phlegm on pneumonia and bronchitis in early childhood. Lancet. 1974;2:1031-1034
14. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Shannon FT. Parental smoking and respiratory illness in infancy. Arch Dis Child. 1980;55:358-361
15. Berg AT, Shapiro ED, Capobianco LA. Group day care and the risk of serious infectious illnesses. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;133:154-163
16. Kraemer MJ, Richardson MA, Weiss NS, et al. Risk factors for persistent middle-ear effusions: otitis media, catarrh, cigarette smoke exposure, and atopy. JAMA. 1983;249:1022-1025
17. Iversen M, Birch L, Lundqvist GR, Elbrond O. Middle ear effusion in children and the indoor environment: an epidemiological study. Arch Environ Health. 1985;40:74-79
18. Black N. The aetiology of glue ear: a case-control study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1985;9:121-133
19. Hinton AE. Surgery for otitis media with effusion in children and its relationship to parental smoking. J Laryngol Otol. 1989;103:559-561
20. Etzel RA, Pattishall EN, Haley NJ, Fletcher RH, Henderson FW. Passive smoking and middle ear effusion among children in day care. Pediatrics. 1992;90:228-232
21. Strachan DP, Jarvis MJ, Feyerabend C. Passive smoking, salivary cotinine concentrations, and middle ear effusion in 7 year old children. Br Med J. 1989;298:1549-1552
22. Owen MJ, Baldwin CD, Swank PR, Pannu AK, Johnson DL, Howie VM. Relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure, and group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion in the first two years of life. J Pediatr. 1993;123:702-711
23. Ey JL, Holberg CJ, Aldous MB, Wright AL, Martinez FD, Taussig LM. Passive smoke exposure and otitis media in the first year of life. Pediatrics. 1995;95:670-677
24. Burchfiel CM, Higgins MW, Keller JB, Howatt WF, Butler WJ, Higgins IT. Passive smoking in childhood: respiratory conditions and pulmonary function in Tecumseh, Michigan. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986;133: 966-973
25. Chilmonczyk BA, Salmun LM, Megathlin KN, et al. Association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and exacerbations of asthma in children. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1665-1669
26. Ehrlich R, Kattan M, Godbold J, et al. Childhood asthma and passive smoking: urinary cotinine as a biomarker of exposure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145:594-599
27. Evans D, Levison MJ, Feldman CH, et al. The impact of passive smoking on emergency room visits of urban children with asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;135:567-572
28. Krzyzanowski M, Quackenboss JJ, Lebowitz MD. Chronic respiratory effects of indoor formaldehyde exposure. Environ Res. 1990;52:117-125
29. Murray AB, Morrison BJ. Passive smoking by asthmatics: its greater effect on boys than on girls and on older than on younger children. Pediatrics. 1989;84:451-459
30. Murray AB, Morrison BJ. The decrease in severity of asthma in children of parents who smoke since the parents have been exposing them to less cigarette smoke. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993;91:102-110
31. O'Connor GT, Weiss ST, Tager IB, Speizer FE. The effect of passive smoking on pulmonary function and non-specific bronchial responsiveness in a population based sample of children and young adults. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;135:800-804
32. Oldigs M, Jorres R, Magnussen H. Acute effects of passive smoking on lung function and airway responsiveness in asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1991;10:123-131
33. Sherman CB, Tosteson TD, Tager IB, Speizer FE, Weiss ST. Early childhood predictors of asthma. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132:83-95
34. Weitzman M, Gortmaker S, Walker DK, Sobol A. Maternal smoking and childhood asthma. Pediatrics. 1990;85:505-511
35. Martinez FD, Cline M, Burrows B. Increased incidence of asthma in children of smoking mothers. Pediatrics. 1992;89:21-26
36. Bergman AB, Wiesner LA. Relationship of passive cigarette smoking to sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics. 1976;58:665-668
37. Haglund B, Cnattingius S. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome: a population-based study. Am J Public Health. 1990;80:29-32
38. Hoffman HJ, Damus K, Hillman L, Krongrad E. Risk factors for SIDS: results of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development SIDS Cooperative Epidemiological Study. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1988;533:13-30
39. Lewak N, van den Berg BJ, Beckwith JB. Sudden infant death syndrome risk factors. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1979;18:404-411
40. Malloy MH, Kleinman JC, Land GH, Schramm WF. The association of maternal smoking with age and cause of infant death. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;128:46-55
41. Mitchell EA, Scragg R, Stewart AW, et al. Results from the first year of the New Zealand cot death study. NZ Med J. 1991;104:71-76
42. Naeye RL, Ladis B, Drage JS. Sudden infant death syndrome: a prospective study. Am J Dis Child. 1976;130:1207-1210
43. Steele R, Langworth JT. The relationship of antenatal and postnatal factors to sudden unexpected death in infancy. Can Med Assoc J. 1966; 94:1165-1171
44. Malloy MH, Hoffman HJ, Peterson DR. Sudden infant death syndrome and maternal smoking. Am J Public Health. 1992;82:1380-1382
45. Mitchell EA, Ford RP, Stewart AW, et al. Smoking and the sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics. 1993;91:893-896
46. Schoendorf KC, Kiely JL. Relationship of sudden infant death syndrome to maternal smoking during and after pregnancy. Pediatrics. 1992;90: 905-908
47. Taylor JA, Sanderson M. A reexamination of the risk factors for the sudden infant death syndrome. J Pediatr. 1995;126:887-891
48. Klonoff-Cohen HS, Edelstein SL, Lefkowitz ES, et al. The effect of passive smoking and tobacco exposure through breast milk on sudden infant death syndrome. JAMA. 1995;273:795-798
49. Feldman J, Shenker IR, Etzel RA, et al. Passive smoking alters lipid profiles in adolescents. Pediatrics. 1991;88:259-264
50. Brownson RC, Alavanja MC, Hock ET, Loy TS. Passive smoking and lung cancer in nonsmoking women. Am J Public Health. 1992;82: 1525-1530
51. Fontham ET, Correa P, WuWilliams A, et al. Lung cancer in nonsmoking women: a multicenter case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1991;1:35-43
52. Hirayama T. Cancer mortality in nonsmoking women with smoking husbands based on a large-scale cohort study in Japan. Prev Med. 1984; 13:680-690
53. Hole DJ, Gillis CR, Chopra C, Hawthorne VM. Passive smoking and cardiorespiratory health in a general population in the west of Scotland. Br Med J. 1989;299:423-427
54. Kalandidi A, Katsouyanni K, Voropoulou N, Bastas G, Saracci R, Trichopoulos D. Passive smoking and diet in the etiology of lung cancer among non-smokers. Cancer Causes Control. 1990;1:15-21
55. Koo LC, Ho JH, Saw D, Ho CY. Measurements of passive smoking and estimates of lung cancer risk among non-smoking Chinese females. Int J Cancer. 1987;39:162-169
56. Lee PN, Chamberlain J, Alderson MR. Relationship of passive smoking to risk of lung cancer and other smoking-associated diseases. Br J Cancer. 1986;54:97-105
57. Pershagen G, Hrubec Z, Svensson C. Passive smoking and lung cancer in Swedish women. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;125:17-24
58. Sandler DP, Wilcox AJ, Everson RB. Cumulative effects of lifetime passive smoking on cancer risk. Lancet. 1985;1:312-315
59. Sandler DP, Everson RB, Wilcox AJ, Browder JP. Cancer risk in adulthood from early life exposure to parents' smoking. Am J Public Health. 1985;75:487-492