Thrombophilia and chronic venous ulceration

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 97-104

  Bradbury, A W ^a,c   MacKenzie, R K ^a   Burns, P ^a   Fegan, C ^b  

^a Univ Department of Vascular Surgery   (United Kingdom)

^b Department of Haematology   (United Kingdom)

^c BIRMINGHAM HEARTLANDS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 11; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 8; PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY; PROTHROMBIN;

ACTIVATED PROTEIN C RESISTANCE; ANTITHROMBIN DEFICIENCY; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 5 DEFICIENCY; CHRONIC VEIN ULCERATION; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; HUMAN; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN C DEFICIENCY; PROTEIN S DEFICIENCY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; THROMBOPHILIA; THROMBOSIS; VEIN INJURY; CHRONIC DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; VARICOSIS;

CHRONIC DISEASE; HUMANS; RISK FACTORS; THROMBOPHILIA; VARICOSE ULCER;

EID: 0036691207     PISSN: 10785884     EISSN: 15322165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/ejvs.2002.1683     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. LAING W. Chronic venous diseases of the leg. London. Office of Health Economics. 1992.
2. BRADBURY AW, EVANS CJ, ALLAN PL, LEE AJ, RUCKLEY CV, FOWKES FGR. What are the symptoms of varicose veins? Edinburgh vein study cross sectional population survey. Br Med J 1999; 318: 353-356.
3. EVANS SM, BRITTENDEN J, ADAM DJ, LUDLAM CA, BRADBURY AW. The prevalence and clinical significance of thrombophilia in intermittent claudication. B J Surg 1999; 86: 82.
4. ALLAN PL, BRADBURY AW, EVANS CJ, LEE AJ, RUCKLEY CV, FOWKES FGR. Patterns of reflux and the severity of varicose veins in the general population. Edinburgh Vein Study. Euro J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2000; 20: 470-477.
5. BURNS PJ, MOSQUERA DA, BRADBURY AW. Prevalence and significance of thrombophilia in peripheral arterial disease. Euro J Vasc Endovasc Surg 22: 98-106.
6. TRIPODI A, MANNUCCI PM. Laboratory investigation of thrombophilia, Clini Chem 2001; 471: 597-606.
7. SEGEL GB, FRANCIS CA. Anticoagulant proteins in childhood venous and arterial thrombosis: a review. B Cell Mol Dis 2000; 26: 540-560.
8. LANE DA, GRANT PJ. Role of hemostatic gene polymorphisms in venous and arterial thrombotic disease. [Review] [226 refs]. Blood 2000; 95: 1517-1532.
9. LILLICRAP D. The genetics of venous and arterial thromboembolism. Curr Atheroscl Rep 2001; 3: 209-215.
10. MATEI D, BRENNER B, MARDER VJ. Acquired Thrombophilic Syndromes. Blood Rev 2001; 15: 31-48.
11. TURTON EP, COUGHLIN PA, BERRIDGE DC, MERCER KG. A survey of deep venous thrombosis management by consultant vascular surgeons in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Euro J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2001; 21: 551-563.
12. CUMMING AM, SHIACH CR. The investigation and management of inherited thrombophilia. Clin Lab Haemat 1999; 21: 77-92.
13. LEE R. Factor V Leiden: a clinical review. Amer J Med Sci 2001; 322: 88-102.
14. MARCUCCI R, BRUNELLI T, GIUSTI B, FEDI S, PEPE G, POLI D, PRISCO D, ABBATE R, GENSINI GF. The role of cysteine and homocysteine in venous and arterial thrombotic disease. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 116: 56-60.
15. SYKES TCF, MORRIS AG, BRADBURY AW, MOSQUERA DA. Apoptosis in vascular disease. Euro J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2001; 22: 389-395.
16. CONLAN MG, FOLSOM AR, FINCH A, DAVIES CE, SORLIE P, MARCUCCI G, WU KK. Associations of factor VII and von Willebrand Factor with Age, Race, Sex, and Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Thromb & Haemost 1993; 70: 380-385.
17. KYRLE PA, MINAR E, HIRSCHL M, BIALONCZYK C, STAIN M, SCNEIDER B, WELTERMAN A, SPEISER W, LECHNER K, EICHINGER S. High plasma levels of factor VIII and the risk of recurrent venous thrombo-embolism. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 457-462.
18. SCHAMBECK CM, HINNEY K, HAUBITZ I, MANSOURI TALEGHANI B, WAHLER D, KELLER F. Familial clustering of high factor VIIIs levels in patients with venous thromboembolism. Arterioscl, Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 289-292.
19. BOUMA BN, MEIJERS JCM. Role of blood coagulation factor XI in downregulation of fibrinolysis. Curr Opin in Hema 2000; 7: 266-272.
20. MEIJERS JCM, TEKELENBURG WLH, BOUMA BN, BERTINA RM, ROSENDAAL FR. High levels of coagulation factor XI as a risk factor for venous thrombosis. N Engl J of Med 2000; 342: 696-701.
21. NGUYEN A. Review and management of patients with the prothrombin G20210A polymorphism. Clin Appl Thromb Haemost 2000; 6: 94-99.
22. BAUER KA, HUMPHRIES S, SMILLIE B, LI L, COOPER JA, BARZEGAR S, ROSENBERG RD, MILLER GJ. Prothrombin activation is increased among asymptomatic carriers of the prothrombin G20210A and factor V Arg506Gln mutations. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84: 396-400.
23. GALLI M. Which antiphospholipid antibodies should be measured in the antiphospholipid syndrome? Haemost 2000; 30: 257-262.
24. DE STEFANO V, MARTINELLI I, MANNUCCI PM, PACIARONI K, ROSSI E, CHIUSOLO P, CASORELLI I, LEONE G. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism among heterozygous carriers of the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation. Br J Haematol 2001; 113: 630-635.
25. KOHLMEIER RE, CHO CG, BUX RC, GUERRA L, RULON JJ, SELBY DM, GULLEY ML. Prothrombin gene mutation uncommon in pulmonary embolism. South Med J 2000; 93: 1073-1077.
26. AZNAR J, VAYA A, ESTELLES A, MIRA Y, SEGUI R, VILLA P, FERRANDO F, FALCO C, CORELLA D, ESPANA F. Risk of venous thrombosis in carriers of the prothrombin G20210A variant and factor V Leiden and their interaction with oral contraceptives. Haemat 2000; 85: 1271-1276.
27. HOIBRAATEN E, OVIGSTAD E, ARNESEN H, LARSEN S, WICKSTROM E, SANDSET PM. Increased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism during hormone replacement therapy-results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled estrogen in venous thromboembolism trial (EVTET). Thromb Haemost 2000; 84: 961-967.
28. LOWE G, WOODWARD M, VESSEY M, RUMLEY A, GOUGH P, DALY E. Thrombotic variables and risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism in women aged 45-64 years. Relationships to hormone replacement therapy. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83: 530-535.
29. FALANGA V, BONTEMO FA, EAGLSTEIN WH. Protein C and protein S plasma levels in patients with lipodermatosclerosis and venous ulceration. A. Dermat 1990; 126: 1195-1197.
30. SALMASKA CP. Protein C, protein S levels in patients with lipodermatosclerosis and venous ulceration. A. Dermat 1991; 127: 908.
31. TSUTSUI K, ISHIDA W, OHASHI T, TAKEHARA K. Hereditary type lib protein S deficiency in a patient with recurrent venous ulcers. Dermatol 1997; 194: 198-199.
32. PHIFER TJ, MILLS GM. Occult antithrombin III deficiency: a potentially lethal complication of the postphlebitic limb. J Vasc Surg 1990; 11: 586-590.
33. RIBEAUDEAU F, SENET P, CAVUELA JM, FUND X, PAUL C, ROBERT C, SCROBOHACI ML, DUBERTRET L. A prospective coagulation study including resistance to activated protein C and mutations in factors V and II in venous leg ulcers. Br J Dermal 1999; 141: 259-263.
34. MUNKVAD S, JORGENSEN M. Resistance to activated protein C: a common anticoagulant deficiency in patients with venous leg ulceration. Br J Dermat 1996; 134: 296-298.
35. GROSSMAN D, HEALD PW, WANG C, RINDER HM. Activated protein C resistance and anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with venous leg ulcers. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37: 409-413.
36. HAFNER J, FELTEN A. Resistance to activated protein C in patients with venous leg ulcers. Dermatol 1997; 195: 413-414.
37. PEUS D, VON SCHMIEDEBERG S, PIER A, SCHARF RE, WEHEIMER A, RUZICKA T, KRUTMAN J. Coagulation factor V gene mutation associated with activated protein C resistance leading to recurrent thrombosis, leg ulcers, and lymphedema: successful treatment with intermittent compression. J Am Acad of Dermatol 1996; 35: 306-309.
38. PEUS D. Resistance to activated protein C: a common anticoagulant deficiency in patients with venous leg ulceration. Br J Dermatol 1997; 137: 303-304.
39. HACHENJOS K, BEK M, SCHOPF E, and VANSCEIDT W. Recurrent ulcerations on both legs since childhood due to a factor V gene mutation. Dermatol 1997; 194: 297-298.
40. MITSIS M, IOANNOU H, ELEFTHERIOU A, NOUSIAS V, BASIOUKAS C, KAKOSIMOS G, BATSIS C, VARTHOLOMATOS G. Combined genetic defect (homogeneity for factor V Leiden and heterogeneity for prothrombin G20210A allele), in a young patient, with recurrent deep vein thrombosis and serious postphlebitic syndrome-a case report. Acta Dermat Venereol 1991; 71: 55-57.
41. MAESSEN-VISCH MB, HAMULYAK K, TAZELAAR DJ, CROMBAG NH, NEUMANN HA. The prevalence of Factor V Leiden mutation in patients with leg ulcers and venous insufficiency. A. of Dermatol 1999; 135: 41-44.
42. GABER Y, SIEMENS HJ, SCHMELLER W. Resistance to activated protein C due to factor V Leiden mutation: high prevalence in patients with post-thrombotic leg ulcers. Br J of Dermatol 2001; 144: 546-548.
43. ALCARAZ I, LEVFEVRE I, WIART T, LAFON C, FORZY G, MODIANO P. Leg ulcers and antiphospholipid antibodies. Prospective study of 48 cases. Annal Dermatol et de Venereol 1999; 126: 313-316.
44. MACKENZIE RK, LUDLUM CA, RUCKLEY CV, ALLAN PL, BURNS PJ, BRADBURY AW. The prevalence of thrombophlia in patients with chronic venous leg ulceration. J Vasc Surg 2002. [In Press]
45. BUCEK RA, SCHOBER E, ZONTSICH T, HAUMER M, POTZI C, MINAR E. Ultrasound with Levovist in the diagnosis of suspected calf vein thrombosis. Ult Med Biol 2001; 274: 55-60.
46. BJORGELL O, NILSSON PE, NILSSSON JA, SVENSSON PJ. Location and extent of deep vein thrombosis in patients with and without FV:R 506Q mutation. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83: 648-651.
47. MEISSNER MH, CAPS MT, ZIERLER BK, BERGELIN RO, MANZO RA, STRANDNESS DE. Deep venous thrombosis and superficial venous reflux. J Vasc Surg 2000; 32: 48-56.
48. HEIT JA, SILVERSTEIN MD, MOHR DN, PETTERSON TM, O'FALLON WM, MELTON LJ3. Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based case-control study. A. Int Med 2000; 160: 809-815.
49. VAN AKEN BE, DEN HEIJER M, BOS GM, VAN DEVENTER SJ, REITSMA PH. Recurrent venous thrombosis and markers of inflammation. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83: 536-539.
50. VAN DEN BELT AG, HUTTEN BA, PRINS MH, BOSSUY PM. Duration of oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with venous thromboembolism and a deficiency of antithrombin, protein C or protein S - a decision analysis. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84: 758-763.
51. PINEDE L, NINET J, DUHAUT P, CHABAUD S, EMOLOMBE-RAGUE S, URIEU L, ONY P, AANSON C, BOISSEL JP. Comparison of 3 and 6 months of oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and comparison of 6 and 12 weeks of therapy after isolated calf deep vein thrombosis. Circ 2001; 103: 2453-2460.
52. VAN DER HEIJDEN JF, HUTTEN BA, BULLER HR, PRINS MH. Vitamin K antagonists or low-molecular-weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CD002001.
53. WILLEMS HP, DEN HEIJER M, BOS GM. Homocysteine and venous thrombosis: outline of a vitamin intervention trial. Sem Thromb Haemost 2000; 26: 297-304.
54. SYKES TC, FEGAN C, MOSQUERA DA. Thrombophilia, polymorphisms and Vascular Disease. Mol Pathol 2000; 53: 300-306.
55. DEN HEIJER M, ROSENDAAL FR, BLOM HJ, GERRITS WBJ, OS GMJ. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and venous thrombosis - a metanalysis. Thromb Haemost 1998; 80: 874-877.
56. VAN HYLCKAMA VLIEG A, VAN DER LINDEN IK, BERTINA RM, and ROSENDAAL FR. High levels of factor IX increase the risk of venous thrombosis. Blood 2000; 95: 3678-3682.
57. MCOLL MD, SATTAR N, ELLISON J, TAIT RC, WALKER ID, PACKARD CJ, GREER IA. Lipoprotein (a), cholesterol and triglycerides in women with venous thromboembolism. Bl Coag Fibrinol 2000; 11: 225-229.
58. RAY JG, MAMDANI M, TSUTKI RT, ANDERSON DR, YEO EL, LAUPACIS A. Use of statins and the subsequent development of deep vein thrombosis. Arch. Int Med 2001; 161: 1405-1410.
59. DEGUCHI H, FERNANDEZ JA, PABINGER I, HEIT JA, GRIFFIN JH. Plasma glucosylceramide deficiency as potential risk factor for venous thrombosis and modulator of anticoagulant protein C pathway. Blood 2001; 97: 1907-1914.
60. VON DEPKA M, NOWAK-GOTTL U, EISART R, DIETERICH C, BARTHELS M, SCHARRER I, GANSER A, EHRENFORTH S. Increased lipoprotein (a) levels as an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Blood 2000; 96: 3368.
61. AMINI-NEKOO A, FUTERS TS, MOIA M, MANNUCCI PM, GRANT PJ, ARIENS RA. Analysis of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor gene and antigen levels in relation to venous thrombosis. Br J Haematology 2001; 113: 537-543.
62. LE FLEM L, MENNEN L, AUBRY ML, AIACH M, SCARABIN PY, EMMERICH J, ALHENC-GELAS M. Thrombomodulin promoter mutations, venous thrombosis, and varicose veins. Arterioscl, Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 445-451.
63. HENRY M, AUBERT H, MORANGE PE, NANNI I, ALESSI MC, TIRET L, JUHAN-VAGUE I. Identification of polymorphisms in the promoter and the 3′ region of the TAFI gene: evidence that plasma TAFI antigen levels are strongly genetically controlled. Blood 2001; 97: 2053-2058.
64. HOPPER WC, LALLY C, AUSTIN H, RENSHAW M, DILLEY A, WENGER NK, PHILLIPS DJ, WHITSETT C, RAWLINS P, EVATT BL. The role of the t-PA I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms in African-American adults with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction or venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2000; 99: 223-230.
65. FRANCO RF, MIDDLEDORP S, MEINARDI JR, VAN PAMPUS EC, and REITSMA PH. Factor XIII Val34Leu and the risk of venous thromboembolism in factor V Leiden carriers. Br J Haematol 2000; 111: 118-121.
66. VANSCHEIDT W, HASLER K, WOKALEK H, NIEDNER R, SCHOPF E. Factor XIII-deficiency in the blood of venous leg ulcer patients. Acta Dermato-Venereol 1991; 71: 55-57.
67. GONZALEZ-ORDONEZ AJ, FERNANDEZ-CARREIRA JM, MEDINA-RODRIGUEZ JM, MARTIN SANCHEZ L, ALVAREZ DIAZ R, ALVAREZ MARTINEZ MV, COTO GARCIA E. Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene. Bl Coag Fibrinol 2000; 11: 485-490.
68. CARTER AM, CATTO AJ, KOHER HP, ARIENS RA, STICKLAND MH, GRANT PJ. α-Fibrinogen Thr312Ala polymorphism and venous thromboembolism. Blood 2000; 96: 1177-1179.
69. AUSTIN H, HOOPER WC, LALLY C, DILLEY A, ELLINGSEN D, WIDEMAN C, WENGER NK, RAWLINS P, SILVA V, EVATT B. Venous thrombosis in relation to fibrinogen and factor VII genes among African-Americans. J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53: 997-1001.
70. GUSHIKEN FC, ARNETT FC, THIAGARAJAN P. Primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with mutations in the phospholipid binding domain of beta(2)-glycoprotein I. Am J Haematol 2000; 65: 160-165.