The GABAergic system in schizophrenia

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 159-179

  Blum, Brian Paul ^a,b   Mann, J John ^a  

^a The New York Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

^b NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

CSF; GABA; Post mortem; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID B RECEPTOR; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR; CALCIUM BINDING PROTEIN; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE; HALOPERIDOL; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PARVALBUMIN; RACLOPRIDE;

DRUG BINDING; DRUG EFFECT; FRONTAL CORTEX; GABAERGIC SYSTEM; HUMAN; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE; CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS; CELL COUNT; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE; HUMANS; NEURONS; RECEPTORS, GABA-A; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 0036089069     PISSN: 14611457     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1461145702002894     Document Type: Review

References (152)

1. Schizophrenia, sensory gating, and nicotinic receptors
2. A receptor subunit gene expression in human prefrontal cortex: Comparison of schizophrenics and controls
3. Gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase is reduced without loss of neurons in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics
4. Regional and cellular patterns of reelin mRNA expression in the forebrain of the developing and adult mouse
5. Free γaminobutyric acid in the brain
6. Isolation of Factor I
7. Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons are reduced in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics
8. Evidence for altered trisynaptic circuitry in schizophrenic hippocampus
9. Differences in the subregional and cellular distribution of GABAA receptor binding in the hippocampal formation of schizophrenic brain
10. A reduction of nonpyramidal cells in sector CA2 of schizophrenics and manic depressives
11. Deficits in small interneurons in prefrontal and cingulate cortices of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients
12. 65-immunoreactive terminals in cingulate and prefrontal cortices of schizophrenic and bipolar brain
13. A receptor binding in superficial layers of cingulate cortex in schizophrenics
14. A receptor binding on neurons of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic subjects
15. A and benzodiazepine receptor binding activity in the hippocampal formation of schizophrenic brain
16. Neurotransmitter receptors in frontal cortex of schizophrenics
17. Amygdalar activation alters the hippocampal GABA system, 'partial' modelling for postmortem changes in schizophrenia
18. Increased brain dopamine and reduced glutamic acid decarboxylase and choline acetyl transferase activity in schizophrenia and related psychoses
19. 3H-GABA in nerve terminals of rat cerebral cortex by electron microscopic autoradiography
20. The relationship between GABA concentrations in brain and cerebrospinal fluid
21. GABA transporter heterogeneity, pharmacology and cellular localization
22. B Receptors: Structure and function
23. Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine- induced synaptic dopamine concentrations: Evidence form a novel positron emission tomography method
24. Two human glutamate decarboxylases, 65-kDa GAD and 67-kDa GAD, are each encoded by a single gene
25. The current status of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
26. Interactions between monoamines, glutamate, and GABA in schizophrenia, new evidence
27. A/benzodiazepine binding sites and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in depressed suicide victims
28. Local circuit neurons immunoreactive for calretinin, calbindin D-28k or parvalbumin in monkey prefrontal cortex: Distribution and morphology
29. Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain in schizophrenia
30. The activities of glutamic acid decarboxylase and choline acetyltransferase in post-mortem brains of schizophrenics and controls
31. Brain biochemistry in schizophrenia
32. Role of reelin in the control of brain development
33. 3H]nipecotic acid binding to gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake sites in postmortem human brain
34. Local circuit neurons of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, selective increase in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons
35. A two-process theory of schizophrenia, evidence from studies in post-mortem brain
36. A predicted cortical serotonergic/ cholinergic/GABAergic interface as a site of pathology in schizophrenia
37. A receptors in schizophrenia, studies on the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
38. A revised excitotoxic hypothesis of schizophrenia, therapeutic implications
39. GABAergic inhibition of endogenous dopamine release measured in vivo with 11C-raclopride and positron emission tomography
40. Gamma-aminobutyric acid and other blocking compounds in crustacea I
41. The structural and functional heterogeneity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, a review
42. Comparative localization of two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase and their mRNAs in rat brain supports the concept of functional differences between the forms
43. Different distributions of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs suggest that the two glutamate decarboxylases play distinctive functional roles
44. Effect of drugs on rat brain, cerebrospinal fluid and blood GABA content
45. GABA: History and perspectives
46. The release of an inhibitory substance from mammalian brain and its action on peripheral synaptic transmission
47. GABA-DA interactions and their possible relation to schizophrenia
48. The interaction between GABA and dopamine: Implications for schizophrenia
49. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of free GABA in schizophrenia, no changes after haloperidol treatment
50. CSF neurochemistry in depressed, manic, and schizophrenic patients compared with that of normal controls
51. CSF GABA in normal subjects and patients with depression, schizophrenia, mania, and anorexia nervosa
52. GABA levels in CSF of patients with psychiatric disorders
53. Regional and cellular fractionation of working memory
54. Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsivity, a hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia
55. 67) expression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, a postmortem brain study
56. Organizing principles for a diversity of GABAergic interneurons and synapses in the neocortex
57. 3H]muscimol binding sites increased in autopsied brains of chronic schizophrenics
58. Use of post-mortem human synaptosomes for studies of metabolism and transmitter amino acid release
59. A receptors in adult monkey cortex
60. A receptor subunit immunoreactivity in primate visual cortex, distribution in macaque and humans and regulation by visual input in adults
61. Synapses between GABA-immunoreactive axonal and dendritic elements in monkey substantia nigra
62. The effects of chronic haloperidol administration on GABA receptor binding
63. A receptor subunit mRNA in monkey visual cortex
64. Altered ratios of alternatively spliced long and short γ2 subunit mRNAs of the γ-amino butyrate type A receptor in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics
65. A decrease of reelin expression as a putative vulnerability factor in schizophrenia
66. Picrotoxin in the medial prefrontal cortex impairs sensorimotor gating in rats, reversal by haloperidol
67. GABA-peptide neurons in the neocortex
68. Altered distribution of parvalbumin-immunoreactive local circuit neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenic patients
69. Two forms of the γ-aminobutyric acid synthetic enzyme glutamate decarboxylase have distinct intraneuronal distributions and cofactor interactions
70. GABA-ergic neurons and the neurobiology of schizophrenia and other psychoses
71. Benzodiazepine receptors increase in post-mortem brain of chronic schizophrenics
72. Neurotransmitter amino acids in post-mortem brains of chronic schizophrenic patients
73. Gamma-aminobutyric acid and other blocking compounds in crustaceans. III. Their relative concentrations in separated motor and inhibitory axons
74. Free amino acid level determinations in normal and schizophrenic brain
75. Altered GABA neurotransmission and prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia
76. GABAergic local circuit neurons and prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia
77. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the CSF of schizophrenic patients before and after neuroleptic treatment
78. Local circuit neurons of developing and mature macaque prefrontal cortex. Golgi and immunocytochemical characteristics
79. 2 subunit mRNA expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells of staggerer mutant mice rnice
80. Benzodiazepine receptor and neurotransmitter studies in the brain of suicides
81. γ-aminobutyric acid concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia
82. Enzymes associated with the metabolism of catecholamines, acetylcholine and GABA in human controls and patients with Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea
83. Possible changes in striatal and limbic cholinergic systems in schizophrenia
84. Glutamic acid decarboxylase in Parkinson's disease and epilepsy
85. B receptor in the hippocampus of subjects with schizophrenia
86. A receptors
87. The regulation of forebrain dopamine transmission, relevance to the pathophysiology and psychopathology of schizophrenia
88. D1 receptor in interneurons of Macaque prefrontal cortex, distribution and subcellular distribution
89. A receptor α-1 subunit messenger RNA and human GABA transporter-1 (HGAT-1) messenger RNA expression
90. Role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the extrapyramidal motor system. 1. Regional distribution of GABA in rabbit, rat, guinea pig and baboon CNS
91. Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia
92. A receptors; insights from mutant and knockout mice
93. Localization of the sites of γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake in lobster nerve-muscle preparations
94. Release of gamma-aminobutyric acid from inhibitory nerves of lobster
95. Benzodiazepine receptors in the post-mortem brain of suicide victims and schizophrenic subjects
96. Brain biochemistry in schizophrenia
97. Postmortem changes of amino compounds in human and rat brain
98. Schizophrenia, tardive dyskinesia, and brain GABA
99. γ-aminobutyric-acid deficiency in brain of schizophrenic patients
100. Plasma GABA levels in psychiatric illness
101. Alterations in chandelier neuron axon terminals in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic subjects
102. Platelet γ-aminobutyric acid-aminotransferase and monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia
103. GABAergic neuronal subtypes in the human frontal cortex - Development and deficits in schizophrenia
104. Deficit and hemispheric asymmetry of GABA uptake sites in the hippocampus in schizophrenia
105. Hippocampal benzodiazepine receptors in schizophrenia
106. The level of GAD67 protein is highly sensitive to small increases in intraneuronal gamma-aminobutyric acid levels
107. Effects of increased gamma-aminobutyric acid levels on GAD67 protein and mRNA levels in rat cerebral cortex
108. An hypothesis suggesting that there is a defect in the GABA system in schizophrenia
109. γ-aminobutyric acid in brain, its formation from glutamic acid
110. Benzodiazepine binding sites and their modulators in hippocampus of violent suicide victims
111. Gamma vinyl-GABA differentially modulates NMDA antagonist-induced increases in mesocortical versus mesolimbic DA transmission
112. Fine structure of GABAergic neurons and synapses in the human dentate gyrus
113. Dopamine innervation of a subclass of local circuit neurons in monkey prefrontal cortex: Ultrastructural analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and parvalbumin immunoreactive structures
114. Axon terminals immunolabeled for dopamine or tyrosine hydroxylase synapse on GABA-immunoreactive dendrites in rat and monkey cortex
115. Elevation of brain GABA levels with vigabatrin (gamma-vinylGABA) differentially affects GAD65 and GAD67 expression in various regions of rat brain
116. Regional distribution and relative amounts of glutamate decarboxylase isoforms in rat and mouse brain
117. Gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in brains of schizophrenic patients
118. Evidence of glutamatergic deficiency in schizophrenia
119. Neurochemical abnormalities of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia
120. Comparison of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake binding sites in frontal and temporal lobes in schizophrenia
121. Absence of basal ganglia amino acid neuron deficits in schizophrenia in three collections of brains
122. Reduced GABA uptake sites in the temporal lobe in schizophrenia
123. Regionally selective deficits in uptake sites for glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the basal ganglia in schizophrenia
124. Distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the basal ganglia of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
125. Distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the thalamus of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
126. Distribution of parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the human amygdaloid complex
127. An analysis of factors influencing measurements of dopamine, noradrenaline, glutamate decarboxylase and choline acetylase in human post-mortem brain tissue
128. Neurochemical alterations in Huntington's chorea, a study of post-mortem brain tissue
129. Differential effects of agonal status on measurements of GABA and glutamate decarboxylase in human post-mortem brain tissue from control and Huntington's chorea subjects
130. Distribution of GABA in post-mortem brain tissue from control, psychotic and Huntington's chorea subjects
131. 3H]flunitrazepam binding in cingulate cortex and hippocampus of postmortem schizophrenic brains: Is selective loss of glutamatergic neurons associated with major psychoses?
132. A review of evidence for GABergic predominance/glutamatergic deficit as a common etiological factor in both schizophrenia and affective psychoses, more support for a continuum hypothesis of 'functional' psychosis
133. CSF γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in schizophrenia
134. GABA blockade, dopamine and schizophrenia, experimental studies in the cat
135. Epilepsy, schizophrenia, and the extended amygdala
136. Benzodiazepine binding sites in amygdala and hippocampus of depressed suicide victims
137. Localization of cells preferentially expressing GAD(67) with negligible GAD(65) transcripts in the rat hippocampus
138. 65 immunoreactive puncta on pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in hippocampus of schizophrenic brain
139. Neurotransmitters, receptors and neuropeptides in post-mortem brains of chronic schizophrenic patients
140. Identification of γ-aminobutyric acid in brain by the isotope derivative method
141. The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia revisited
142. GABA and brain abnormalities in schizophrenia
143. CSF levels of y-aminobutyric acid in schizophrenia. Low values in recently ill patients
144. The effects of chronic haloperidol administration on GABA-immunoreactive axon terminals in rat medial prefrontal cortex
145. B7 messenger RNA expression in a subset of prefrontal cortical γ-aminobutyric acid neurons in subjects with schizophrenia
146. GABA transporter-1 mRNA in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, decreased expression in a subset of neurons
147. Critical review of GABA-ergic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia
148. Platelet γ-aminobutyrate-α-ketoglutarate transaminase (GABA-T) in schizophrenia
149. Schizophrenia and the parvalbumin-containing class of cortical local circuit neurons
150. A subclass of prefrontal γ-aminobutyric acid axon terminals are selectively altered in schizophrenia
151. Longterm neuroleptic treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients, clinical and biochemical effects of withdrawal
152. Preliminary studies on CSF gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in psychiatric patients before and during treatment with different psychotropic drugs