Regional distribution and relative amounts of glutamate decarboxylase isoforms in rat and mouse brain

Neurochemistry International

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 73-80

  Sheikh, S N ^a,b   Martin, S B ^b   Martin, D L ^a,b  

^a WADSWORTH CENTER   (United States)

^b STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

Glutamate decarboxylase; Immunoblotting; Regional distribution

Indexed keywords

ANTISERUM; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE; ISOENZYME; PROTEIN;

AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN REGION; CEREBELLUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORPUS STRIATUM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME LOCALIZATION; HIPPOCAMPUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; IMMUNOBLOTTING; MESENCEPHALON; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OLFACTORY BULB; PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY MATTER; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; THALAMUS; VENTRAL TEGMENTUM;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BRAIN; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE; IMMUNOBLOTTING; ISOENZYMES; MICE; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; ORGAN SPECIFICITY; PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS; RATS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; SPODOPTERA; TRANSFECTION;

EID: 0032970415     PISSN: 01970186     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0197-0186(99)00063-7     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Asada H., Kawamura Y., Maruyama K., Kume H., Ding R.G., Ji F.Y., Kanbara N., Kuzume H., Sanbo M., Yagi T., Obata K. Mice lacking the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) maintain normal levels of GAD67 and GABA in their brains but are susceptible to seizures. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 229:1996;891-895.
2. Bao J., Nathan B., Hsu C-C., Zhang Y., Wu R., Wu J-Y. Role of protein phosphorylation in regulation of brain L-glutamate decarboxylase activity. J. Biomed. Sci. 1:1994;237-244.
3. Blindermann J.M., Maitre M., Mandel P. Apoenzyme concentration and turnover number of L-glutamate decarboxylase in some regions of rat brain. J. Neurochem. 32:1979;245-246.
4. Bradford M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analyt. Biochem. 72:1976;248-254.
5. Chen C-H., Wu S.J., Martin D.L. Structural characteristics of brain glutamate decarboxylase in relation to its interaction and activation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 349:1998;175-182.
6. 2-terminal domain. J. Cell Biol. 118:1992;309-320.
7. Decavel C., van den Pol A.N. GABA: a dominant neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus. J. Comp. Neurol. 302:1990;1019-1037.
8. 2-terminal region of the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;2241-2246.
9. Erlander M.G., Tillakaratne N.J.K., Feldblum S., Patel N., Tobin A.J. Two genes encode distinct glutamate decarboxylases. Neuron. 7:1991;91-100.
10. Esclapez M., Tillakaratne N.J.K., Kaufman D.L., Tobin A.J., Houser C.R. Comparative localization of two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase and their mRNAs in rat brain supports the concept of functional differences between the forms. J. Neurosci. 14:1994;1834-1855.
11. Esclapez M., Tillakaratne N.J.K., Tobin A.J., Houser C.R. Comparative localization of mRNAs encoding two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase with nonradioactive in situ hybridization methods. J. Comp. Neurol. 331:1993;339-362.
12. 67 mRNAs and proteins in the rat spinal cord supports a differential regulation of these two glutamate decarboxylases in vivo. J. Neurosci. Res. 42:1995;742-757.
13. Feldblum S., Erlander M.G., Tobin A.J. Different distributions of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs suggest that the two glutamate decarboxylases play different functional roles. J. Neurosci. Res. 34:1993;689-706.
14. Fukuda T., Aika Y., Heizmann C.W., Kosaka T. GABAergic axon terminals at perisomatic and dendritic inhibitory sites show different immunoreactivities against two GAD isoforms, GAD67 and GAD65, in the mouse hippocampus: a digitized quantitative analysis. J. Comp. Neurol. 395:1998;177-194.
15. Greif K.F., Erlander M.G., Tillakaratne N.J.K., Tobin A.J. Postnatal expression of glutamate decarboxylases in developing rat cerebellum. Neurochem. Res. 16:1991;235-242.
16. Itoh M., Uchimura H. Regional differences in cofactor saturation of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in discrete brain nuclei of the rat. Effect of repeated administration of haloperidol on GAD activity in substantia nigra. Neurochem. Res. 6:1981;1283-1289.
17. Kash S.F., Johnson R.S., Tecott L.H., Noebels J.L., Mayfield R.D., Hanahan D., Baekkeskov S. Epilepsy in mice deficient in the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:1997;14060-14065.
18. Kaufman D.L., Houser C.R., Tobin A.J. Two forms of the gamma-aminobutyric acid synthetic enzyme glutamate decarboxylase have distinct intraneuronal distributions and cofactor interactions. J. Neurochem. 56:1991;720-723.
19. Löscher W., Honack D., Gramer M. Use of inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase for the estimation of GABA turnover in various brain regions of rats: a reevaluation of aminooxyacetic acid. J. Neurochem. 53:1989;1737-1750.
20. Martin D.L. Mammalian brain glutamate decarboxylase. Boulton A.A., Baker G.B., Yu P.H. Neuromethods. Neurotransmitter Enzymes. 5:1986;361-388 Humana Press, New Jersey.
21. Martin D.L., Martin S.B., Wu S.J., Espina N. Regulatory properties of brain glutamate decarboxylase (GAD): The apoenzyme of GAD is present principally as the smaller of two molecular forms of GAD in brain. J. Neurosci. 11:1991;2725-2731.
22. r 67,000) in the basal ganglia of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 318:1992;245-254.
23. Miller L.P., Walters J.R., Martin D.L. Post-mortem changes implicate adenine nucleotides and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate in regulation of brain glutamate decarboxylase. Nature. 266:1977;847-848.
24. Mugnaini E., Oertel W. An atlas of the distribution of GABAergic neurons and terminals in the rat CNS as revealed by GAD immunohistochemistry. Bjorklund A., Hokfelt T. Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. GABA and Neuropeptides in the CNS, Part I. 4:1985;436-608 Elsevier Science Publishers.
25. Namchuk M., Lindsay L., Turck C.W., Kanaani J., Baekkeskov S. Phosphorylation of serine residues 3, 6, 10, and 13 distinguishes membrane anchored from soluble glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and is restricted to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65alpha. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;1548-1557.
26. Rimvall K., Martin D.L. Increased intracellular γ-aminobutyric acid selectively lowers the level of the larger of two glutamate decarboxylase proteins in cultured GABAergic neurons from rat cerebral cortex. J. Neurochem. 58:1992;158-166.
27. 67 protein is highly sensitive to small increases in intraneuronal gamma-aminobutyric acid levels. J. Neurochem. 62:1994;1375-1381.
28. 67 protein and mRNA levels in rat cerebral cortex. J. Neurochem. 60:1993;714-720.
29. Sheikh S.N., Martin D.L. Heteromers of glutamate decarboxylase isoforms occur in rat cerebellum. J. Neurochem. 66:1996;2082-2090.
30. Sloviter R.S., Dichter M.A., Rachinsky T.L., Dean E., Goodman J.H., Sollas A.L., Martin D.L. Basal expression and induction of glutamate decarboxylase and GABA in excitatory granule cells of the rat and monkey hippocampal dentate gyrus. J. Comp. Neurol. 373:1996;593-618.
31. Soghomonian J-J., Martin D.L. Two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase: why? Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 19:1998;500-505.
32. van den Pol A.N., Tsujimoto K.L. Neurotransmitters of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus: immunocytochemical analysis of 25 neuronal antigens. Neurosci. 15:1985;1049-1086.