Immunological mechanisms and the spectrum of psychiatric syndromes in Alzheimer's disease

Journal of Psychiatric Research

Volumn 36, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 269-280

  Eikelenboom, P ^a,b,c   Hoogendijk, W J G ^a,b   Jonker, C ^a,b   Van Tilburg, W ^a,b  

^a Graduate School Neuroscience Amsterdam   (Netherlands)

^b VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c Valeriuskliniek   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Activated microglia; Alzheimer's disease; Cytokines; Delirium; Depression; Inflammation

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 1;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN FUNCTION; CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; DELIRIUM; DEPRESSION; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; MICROGLIA; NEUROIMMUNOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; AGED; BRAIN; CHOLINERGIC NERVE; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS SYSTEM; IMMUNOLOGY; MENTAL DISEASE; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN; CHOLINERGIC FIBERS; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM; MENTAL DISORDERS; MICROGLIA; PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED;

EID: 0035996342     PISSN: 00223956     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3956(02)00006-7     Document Type: Review

References (108)

1. Alzheimer's disease: recent advances in understanding the brain amyloidosis
2. Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: implications for therapy
3. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease
4. Elevated alpha 1-antichymotrypsin serum levels in a subset of non-demented first-degree relatives of Alzheimer's patients
5. Microglia, amyloid and dementia in Alzheimer's disease. A correlative study
6. Passage of cytokines across the blood-brain barrier
7. interleukin-6 and alpha2-macroglobulin indicate an acute phase state in Alzheimer's cortices
8. Corticotropin-releasing factor-producing neurons in the rat activated by interleukin-1
9. The syntax of immune-neuroendocrine communication
10. Blood-brain barrier disturbance in patients with Alzheimer's disease is related to vascular factors
11. Effects of Il-1 receptor agonist on the behavioral effects of lipopolysaccharide in the brain
12. Vagotomy attenuates behavioural effects of interleukin-1 injected peripherally but not centrally
13. Die Psychosen im Gefolge von akuten Infektionen, Allgemeinerkrankungen und inneren Erkrankungen
14. In-vivo measurement of activated microglia in dementia
15. Alterations in immunocompetence during stress, bereavement, and depression: focus on neuroendocrine regulation
16. The natural history of Alzheimer's disease
17. Behavioral effects of cytokines: an insight into mechanims of sickness behavior
18. Sickness behavior: a neuroimmune-based response to infectious disease
19. Depressed mood and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease living in the community
20. Microglia and cytokines in neurological diseases, with special reference to AIDS and Alzheimer's disease
21. Systemic interleukin-1 administration stimulates hypothalamic norepinephrene metabolism paralleling the increased plasma corticosterone
22. Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease
23. The role of complement and activated microglia in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
24. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease: relationships between pathogenic mechanisms and clinical expression
25. Do delirium and dementia share specific pathogenetic mechanisms?
26. Delirium risk factors in elderly hospitalized patients
27. Delirium, a syndrome of cerebral insufficiency
28. Elevated circulating necrosis factor levels in Alzheimer's disease
29. Application of DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive episode to elderly subjects with and without dementia
30. Neuroinflammation and the genetics of Alzheimer's disease: the search for a pro-inflammatory phenotype
31. Association between memory complaints and incidents Alzheimer's disease in elderly people with normal baseline cognition
32. Depressive symptoms and risk of Alzheimer's disease in more highly educated older people
33. The cellular basis of delirium and its relevance to age-related disorders including Alzheimer's disease
34. Acute-phase proteins in Alzheimer's disease
35. Cortisol and Alzheimer's disease. II. Dexamethasone suppression, dementia severity, and affective symptoms
36. Brain interleukin-1 and S-100 immunoreactivity are elevated in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease
37. Peripheral administration of novel anti-inflammatories can attenuate the effects of chronic inflammation within CNS
38. Artherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam study
39. Image analyser-assisted morphometry of the locus coeruleus in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
40. Increased activity of surviving locus coeruleus neurons in Alzheimer's disease
41. Interleukin-6 associated inflammatory process in Alzheimer's disease: new therapeutic options
42. Predisposing and precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized older patients
43. Life events, depressive symptoms, and immune function
44. Mood and motivation disturbance in the elderly subjects with and without dementia: a replication study
45. Is depression a risk factor for dementia or cognitive decline? A review
46. Immunological indices in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type
47. Vascular factors in Alzheimer's disease
48. Serum interleukin-6 levels correlate with the severity of dementia in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease
49. Serotonin-immune interactions in major depression
50. Cytokines in the brain: implications for clinical psychiatry
51. The acute phase response: an overview
52. Epidemiology of delirium: an overview of research issues and findings
53. Delirium in Alzheimer's disease patients
54. Acute phase reactant alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is increased in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with probable Alzheimer's disease
55. Increased plasma levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and alpha-1 antichymotrypsin in patients with Alzheimer's disease: peripheral inflammation or signals of the brain?
56. Delirium in the elderly
57. Delirium: Acute confusional state
58. Acute phase protein alternations in major depression: a review
59. The immune pathophysiology of major depression
60. Relationships between lower plasma L-tryptophan levels and immune-inflammatory variables in depression
61. Inflammatory markers in younger vs elderly normal volunteers and in patients with Alzheimer's disease
62. α1-Antichymotrypsin as possible marker of Alzheimer-type dementia
63. Ventricular fluid interleukin-1 activity in patients with head injury
64. Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease: a review of 17 epidemiological studies
65. Inflammatory cytokines in the brain
66. Underlying mechanisms of psychosis and aggression in patients with Alzheimer's disease
67. The dexamethasone suppression test in Alzheimer's disease and major depression.: Relationship to dementia severity, depression, and CSF monoamines
68. Acute delirium and functional decline in the hospitalized elderly patients
69. Association with interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms with Alzheimer's disease
70. A genetic variation of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 delays the initial onset and reduces the risk for sporadic Alzheimer's disease
71. Experimental immunomodulation, sleep, sleepiness in humans
72. The involvement of astrocytes and an acute-phase response in the amyloid deposition of Alzheimer's disease
73. Serotonergic pathology is not widespread in Alzheimer patients without prominent aggressive symptoms
74. Increased numbers of corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of depressed patients
75. Corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in paraventricular nucleus of patients with Alzheimer's disease and depression
76. Interleukin-1β decreases acetylcholine measured by microdialysis in the hippocampus of freely moving rats
77. The dexamethasone suppression test and cortisol rhythm in primary degenerative dementia
78. Cytokine-associated emotional and cognitive disturbances in humans
79. Responses of the raphe-hippocampal serotonergic system during peropheral inflammation: putative role in sickness behaviour
80. Delirium in dementia
81. Complement activation by β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease
82. A4 protein in Alzheimer's disease: primary and secondary cellular events in extracellular amyloid deposition
83. Acute-phase proteins are present in the amorphous plaques in the cerebral but not in the cerebellar cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease
84. Die sogenannten symptomatischen Psychosen, ihre Stellung im System der Psychiatrie und ihre psychoapathologischen erscheinungen. Fortschritte der Neurologie
85. Immunization with amyloid-β attenuates Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse
86. Circulating cytokines in Alzheimer's disease
87. Zur frage der exogene Schädigungstypen
88. Acute tryptophan depletion increases depressive symptoms in medicated, formerly depressed patients
89. Traumatic and posttraumatic psychosyndromes
90. The immuno-neuro-link and the macrophage: Postcardiotomy delirium, HIV-associated dementia and psychiatry
91. Il-4, Il-10 and Il-13 modulate Aβ(1-42)-induced cytokine and chemokine production in primary murine microglia and a human monocyte cell line
92. Delayed effects of stress and immune activation
93. Update of the neuropathogenesis of delirium
94. Interleukin-1 receptors on brain endothelial cells: a role in neuroimmune interaction?
95. Über die Einwirkung fieberhafter Erkrankungen auf Psychosen
96. Neural and biochemical mediators of endotoxin and stress-induced c-fos expression in the rat brain
97. Tryptophan degradation and immune activation in Alzheimer's disease
98. Zur klinischen Stellung der Durchgangs-Syndroms
99. Neuroendocrine-immune system interactions and auto-immunity
100. Pathological and biochemical consequences of acute and chronic neuro-inflammation within the basal forebrain cholinergic system of rats
101. Pronounced and sustained central hypernoradrenergic function in major depression with melancholic features: relation to hypercortisolism and corticotropin-relasing hormone
102. Cytokines indices in Alzheimer's temporal cortex: no changes in mature Il-1 beta or IlRA but increases in the associated acute phase proteins Il-6, alpha 2-macroglobulin and C-reactive protein
103. Tenth Revision of the International Classification of diseases and related health poblems (ICD-10)
104. Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in nondemented elderly women. A prospective study
105. Illness, cytokines, and depression