메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 141-157

Current understanding of the genetic basis of reading and spelling disability

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0035535407     PISSN: 07319487     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1511240     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (36)

References (108)
  • 1
    • 0028964899 scopus 로고
    • Etiology of individual differences in reading performance: A test of sex limitation
    • Alarcón, M., DeFries, J. C., & Fulker, D. W. (1995). Etiology of individual differences in reading performance: A test of sex limitation. Behavior Genetics, 25, 17-23.
    • (1995) Behavior Genetics , vol.25 , pp. 17-23
    • Alarcón, M.1    DeFries, J.C.2    Fulker, D.W.3
  • 2
    • 0007082051 scopus 로고
    • Familial resemblance for measures of reading performance in families of reading-disabled and control twins
    • Alarcón, M., DeFries, J. C., & Gillis, J. J. (1994). Familial resemblance for measures of reading performance in families of reading-disabled and control twins. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6, 93-101.
    • (1994) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.6 , pp. 93-101
    • Alarcón, M.1    DeFries, J.C.2    Gillis, J.J.3
  • 3
    • 0031685041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate path analysis of specific cognitive abilities data at 12 years of age in the Colorado Adoption Project
    • Alarcón, M., Plomin, R., Fulker, D. W., Corley, R., & DeFries, J. C. (1998). Multivariate path analysis of specific cognitive abilities data at 12 years of age in the Colorado Adoption Project. Behavior Genetics, 28, 255-64.
    • (1998) Behavior Genetics , vol.28 , pp. 255-264
    • Alarcón, M.1    Plomin, R.2    Fulker, D.W.3    Corley, R.4    DeFries, J.C.5
  • 4
    • 84934350172 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in spelling achievement in grades 1 through 6
    • Allred, R. A. (1990). Gender differences in spelling achievement in grades 1 through 6. Journal of Educational Research, 83, 187-193.
    • (1990) Journal of Educational Research , vol.83 , pp. 187-193
    • Allred, R.A.1
  • 5
    • 0034373130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyslexia, the invisible, treatable disorder: The story of Einstein's Ninja Turtles
    • Berninger, V. (2000). Dyslexia, the invisible, treatable disorder: The story of Einstein's Ninja Turtles. Learning Disability Quarterly, 23, 175-195.
    • (2000) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.23 , pp. 175-195
    • Berninger, V.1
  • 7
    • 0023254230 scopus 로고
    • Dyslexia and chromosome 15 heteromorphism: Negative LOD score in a Danish material
    • Bisgaard, M. L., Eiberg, H., Moller, N., Niebuhr, E., & Mohr, J. (1987). Dyslexia and chromosome 15 heteromorphism: negative LOD score in a Danish material. Clinical Genetics, 32, 118-119.
    • (1987) Clinical Genetics , vol.32 , pp. 118-119
    • Bisgaard, M.L.1    Eiberg, H.2    Moller, N.3    Niebuhr, E.4    Mohr, J.5
  • 8
    • 0035220016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage and association: Basic concepts
    • Borecki, I. B., & Suarez, B. K. (2001). Linkage and association: basic concepts. Advances in Genetics, 42, 45-66.
    • (2001) Advances in Genetics , vol.42 , pp. 45-66
    • Borecki, I.B.1    Suarez, B.K.2
  • 9
    • 2642611921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental influences on adult intelligence and special mental abilities
    • Bouchard, T. J., Jr. (1998). Genetic and environmental influences on adult intelligence and special mental abilities. Human Biology, 70, 257-279.
    • (1998) Human Biology , vol.70 , pp. 257-279
    • Bouchard T.J., Jr.1
  • 10
    • 33750192577 scopus 로고
    • Word recognition skills of adults with childhood diagnoses of dyslexia
    • Bruck, M. (1990). Word recognition skills of adults with childhood diagnoses of dyslexia. Developmental Psychology, 26, 439-454.
    • (1990) Developmental Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 439-454
    • Bruck, M.1
  • 11
    • 33750170018 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits
    • Bruck, M. (1992). Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits. Developmental Psychology, 26, 874-888
    • (1992) Developmental Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 874-888
    • Bruck, M.1
  • 12
    • 21144476202 scopus 로고
    • Word recognition and component phonological processing skills of adults with childhood diagnosis of dyslexia
    • Bruck, M. (1993). Word recognition and component phonological processing skills of adults with childhood diagnosis of dyslexia. Developmental Review, 13, 258-268.
    • (1993) Developmental Review , vol.13 , pp. 258-268
    • Bruck, M.1
  • 16
    • 0019087796 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive abilities in families with reading disabled children
    • Decker, S. N., & DeFries J. C. (1980). Cognitive abilities in families with reading disabled children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 13, 517-522.
    • (1980) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.13 , pp. 517-522
    • Decker, S.N.1    DeFries, J.C.2
  • 17
    • 0019450568 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive ability profiles in families of reading-disabled children
    • Decker, S. N., & DeFries J. C. (1981). Cognitive ability profiles in families of reading-disabled children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 23, 217-227.
    • (1981) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , vol.23 , pp. 217-227
    • Decker, S.N.1    DeFries, J.C.2
  • 18
    • 0024758810 scopus 로고
    • Gender ratios in reading disabled children and their affected relatives: A commentary
    • DeFries J. C. (1989). Gender ratios in reading disabled children and their affected relatives: a commentary. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 544-545.
    • (1989) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.22 , pp. 544-545
    • DeFries, J.C.1
  • 19
    • 0001815958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic aetiologies of reading and spelling deficits: Developmental differences
    • C. Hulme & M. Snowling (Eds.). London: Whurr Publishers, Ltd.
    • DeFries, J. C., Alarcón, M., & Olson, R. K. (1997). Genetic aetiologies of reading and spelling deficits: Developmental differences. In C. Hulme & M. Snowling (Eds.), Dyslexia: Biology, cognition and intervention (pp. 20-37). London: Whurr Publishers, Ltd.
    • (1997) Dyslexia: Biology, Cognition and Intervention , pp. 20-37
    • DeFries, J.C.1    Alarcón, M.2    Olson, R.K.3
  • 20
    • 0002134855 scopus 로고
    • Genetic aspects of reading disability: A family study
    • R. H. Malatesha & P. G. Aaron (Eds.). New York: Academic Press
    • DeFries J. C., & Decker, S. N. (1982). Genetic aspects of reading disability: a family study. In R. H. Malatesha & P. G. Aaron (Eds.), Reading disorders: Varieties and treatments (pp. 225-279). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1982) Reading Disorders: Varieties and Treatments , pp. 225-279
    • DeFries, J.C.1    Decker, S.N.2
  • 21
    • 0023179955 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a genetic aetiology in reading disability of twins
    • DeFries J. C., Fulker, D. W., & La Buda, M. C. (1987). Evidence for a genetic aetiology in reading disability of twins. Nature, 329, 537-539.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.329 , pp. 537-539
    • DeFries, J.C.1    Fulker, D.W.2    La Buda, M.C.3
  • 24
    • 0017140877 scopus 로고
    • Rapid "automatized" naming (R.A.N.): Dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities
    • Denckla, M., & Rudel, R. (1976). Rapid "automatized" naming (R.A.N.): Dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities. Neuropsychologia, 14, 471-479.
    • (1976) Neuropsychologia , vol.14 , pp. 471-479
    • Denckla, M.1    Rudel, R.2
  • 25
    • 0029959426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal brain processing of visual motion in dyslexia revealed by functional brain imaging
    • Eden, G., Van Meter, J., Rumsey, J., Maisog, J., Woods, R., & Zeffiro, T. (1996) Abnormal brain processing of visual motion in dyslexia revealed by functional brain imaging. Nature, 383, 66-69.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 66-69
    • Eden, G.1    Van Meter, J.2    Rumsey, J.3    Maisog, J.4    Woods, R.5    Zeffiro, T.6
  • 28
    • 0025569408 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological profile of adult dyslexics
    • Felton, R. H., Naylor, C. E., & Wood, F. B. (1990). Neuropsychological profile of adult dyslexics. Brain and Language, 39, 485-497.
    • (1990) Brain and Language , vol.39 , pp. 485-497
    • Felton, R.H.1    Naylor, C.E.2    Wood, F.B.3
  • 29
    • 0032231869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of linkage of phonological coding dyslexia to chromosome 6p23-p21.3 in a large family data set
    • Field, L. L., & Kaplan, B. J. (1998). Absence of linkage of phonological coding dyslexia to chromosome 6p23-p21.3 in a large family data set. American Journal of Human Genetics, 63, 1448-1456.
    • (1998) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.63 , pp. 1448-1456
    • Field, L.L.1    Kaplan, B.J.2
  • 32
    • 0027256723 scopus 로고
    • Cosegregation of a balanced translocation (1;2) with retarded speech development and dyslexia
    • Froster, U., Schulte-Körne, G., Hebebrand, J., & Remsschmidt, H. (1993). Cosegregation of a balanced translocation (1;2) with retarded speech development and dyslexia. Lancet, 342, 178.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 178
    • Froster, U.1    Schulte-Körne, G.2    Hebebrand, J.3    Remsschmidt, H.4
  • 34
    • 0042778607 scopus 로고
    • Left-handedness: Association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder
    • Geschwind, N., & Behan, P. O. (1982). Left-handedness: association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 79, 5097-5100.
    • (1982) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.79 , pp. 5097-5100
    • Geschwind, N.1    Behan, P.O.2
  • 35
    • 0028046213 scopus 로고
    • Commingling and segregation analysis of reading performance in families of normal reading probands
    • Gilger, J. W., Borecki, I. B., DeFries, J. C., & Pennington, B. F. (1994). Commingling and segregation analysis of reading performance in families of normal reading probands. Behavior Genetics, 24, 345-355.
    • (1994) Behavior Genetics , vol.24 , pp. 345-355
    • Gilger, J.W.1    Borecki, I.B.2    DeFries, J.C.3    Pennington, B.F.4
  • 36
    • 0001358472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential risk for developmental reading disorders in the offspring of compensated versus noncompensated parents
    • Gilger, J. W., Hanebuth, E., Smith, S. D., & Pennington, B. F. (1996). Differential risk for developmental reading disorders in the offspring of compensated versus noncompensated parents. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 8, 407-417.
    • (1996) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.8 , pp. 407-417
    • Gilger, J.W.1    Hanebuth, E.2    Smith, S.D.3    Pennington, B.F.4
  • 37
    • 0000783911 scopus 로고
    • Risk for reading disability as a function of parental history in three family studies
    • Gilger, J. W., Pennington, B. F., & DeFries, J. C. (1991). Risk for reading disability as a function of parental history in three family studies. Reading and Writing, 3, 205-217.
    • (1991) Reading and Writing , vol.3 , pp. 205-217
    • Gilger, J.W.1    Pennington, B.F.2    DeFries, J.C.3
  • 38
    • 0031812486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A twin and family study of the association between immune system dysfunction and dyslexia using blood serum immunoassay and survey data
    • Gilger, J. W., Pennington, B. F., Harbeck, R. J., DeFries, J. C., Kotzin, B., Green, P., & Smith, S. (1998). A twin and family study of the association between immune system dysfunction and dyslexia using blood serum immunoassay and survey data. Brain and Cognition, 36, 310-333.
    • (1998) Brain and Cognition , vol.36 , pp. 310-333
    • Gilger, J.W.1    Pennington, B.F.2    Harbeck, R.J.3    DeFries, J.C.4    Kotzin, B.5    Green, P.6    Smith, S.7
  • 40
    • 0033928210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome 6p influences on different dyslexia-related cognitive processes: Further confirmation
    • Grigorenko, E. L., Wood, F. B., Meyer, M. S., & Pauls, D. L. (2000). Chromosome 6p influences on different dyslexia-related cognitive processes: further confirmation. American Journal of Human Genetics, 66, 715-723.
    • (2000) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.66 , pp. 715-723
    • Grigorenko, E.L.1    Wood, F.B.2    Meyer, M.S.3    Pauls, D.L.4
  • 42
    • 76549233000 scopus 로고
    • Specific dyslexia (congenital word-blindness): A clinical and genetic study
    • Hallgren, B. (1950). Specific dyslexia (congenital word-blindness): A clinical and genetic study. Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Supplement, 65, 1-287.
    • (1950) Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Supplement , vol.65 , pp. 1-287
    • Hallgren, B.1
  • 44
    • 0000122211 scopus 로고
    • Four cases of congenital word-blindness occurring in the same family
    • Hinshelwood, J. (1907). Four cases of congenital word-blindness occurring in the same family. British Medical Journal, 2, 1229-1232.
    • (1907) British Medical Journal , vol.2 , pp. 1229-1232
    • Hinshelwood, J.1
  • 47
    • 0026728506 scopus 로고
    • The sex ratios of dyslexic children and their sibs
    • James, W. H. (1992). The sex ratios of dyslexic children and their sibs. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 34, 530-533.
    • (1992) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 530-533
    • James, W.H.1
  • 48
    • 0028090414 scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissection of complex traits
    • Lander, E., & Kruglyak, L. (1995). Genetic dissection of complex traits. Science, 265, 2037-2048.
    • (1995) Science , vol.265 , pp. 2037-2048
    • Lander, E.1    Kruglyak, L.2
  • 50
    • 0032055958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate behavioral genetic analysis of achievement and cognitive measures in reading-disabled and control twin pairs
    • Light, J. G., DeFries, J. C., & Olson, R. K. (1998). Multivariate behavioral genetic analysis of achievement and cognitive measures in reading-disabled and control twin pairs. Human Biology, 70, 215-237.
    • (1998) Human Biology , vol.70 , pp. 215-237
    • Light, J.G.1    DeFries, J.C.2    Olson, R.K.3
  • 52
    • 0007036887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marshfield Clinic Website
    • Marshfield Clinic Website: http://research.marshfieldclinic.org
  • 53
    • 0000517679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor readers in adulthood: Psychosocial functioning
    • Maughan, B., & Hagell, A. (1996). Poor readers in adulthood: psychosocial functioning. Developmental Psychopathology, 8, 457-476.
    • (1996) Developmental Psychopathology , vol.8 , pp. 457-476
    • Maughan, B.1    Hagell, A.2
  • 55
    • 0043048571 scopus 로고
    • Sequential tests for the detection of linkage
    • Morton, N. E. (1955). Sequential tests for the detection of linkage. American Journal of Human Genetics, 7, 277-318.
    • (1955) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.7 , pp. 277-318
    • Morton, N.E.1
  • 57
    • 0002717148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A behavioral-genetic analysis of reading disabilities and component processes
    • R. M. Klein & P. A. McMullen (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Olson, R. K., Datta, H., Gayán, J., & DeFries, J. (1999). A behavioral-genetic analysis of reading disabilities and component processes. In R. M. Klein & P. A. McMullen (Eds.), Converging methods for understanding reading and dyslexia (pp. 133-151). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1999) Converging Methods for Understanding Reading and Dyslexia , pp. 133-151
    • Olson, R.K.1    Datta, H.2    Gayán, J.3    DeFries, J.4
  • 58
    • 0002823885 scopus 로고
    • Genes, environment, and the development of orthographic skills
    • V. W. Berninger (Ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluver Academic Publishers
    • Olson, R., Forsberg, H., & Wise, B. (1994). Genes, environment, and the development of orthographic skills. In V. W. Berninger (Ed.), The varieties of orthographic knowledge I: Theoretical and developmental issues (pp. 27-71). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluver Academic Publishers.
    • (1994) The Varieties of Orthographic Knowledge I: Theoretical and Developmental Issues , pp. 27-71
    • Olson, R.1    Forsberg, H.2    Wise, B.3
  • 59
    • 0024689078 scopus 로고
    • Specific deficits in component reading and language skills: Genetic and environmental influences
    • Olson, R., Wise, B., Connors, F., Rack, J., & Fulker, D. (1989) Specific deficits in component reading and language skills: genetic and environmental influences. Journal of Learning Disabilities 22, 339-348.
    • (1989) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.22 , pp. 339-348
    • Olson, R.1    Wise, B.2    Connors, F.3    Rack, J.4    Fulker, D.5
  • 61
    • 0017831120 scopus 로고
    • Dyslexia: Search for phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity
    • Omenn, G. S., & Weber, B. A. (1978). Dyslexia: search for phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 1, 333-342.
    • (1978) American Journal of Medical Genetics , vol.1 , pp. 333-342
    • Omenn, G.S.1    Weber, B.A.2
  • 62
    • 0026953405 scopus 로고
    • The external validity of age-versus IQ-discrepancy definitions of reading disability: Lessons from a twin study
    • Pennington, B. F., Gilger, J. W., Olson, R. K., & DeFries, J. C. (1992). The external validity of age-versus IQ-discrepancy definitions of reading disability: Lessons from a twin study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 562-573.
    • (1992) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.25 , pp. 562-573
    • Pennington, B.F.1    Gilger, J.W.2    Olson, R.K.3    DeFries, J.C.4
  • 63
    • 0025992157 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a major gene transmission of developmental dyslexia
    • Pennington, B., Gilger, J. W., Pauls, D., Smith, S. A., Smith, S. D., & DeFries, J. C. (1991). Evidence for a major gene transmission of developmental dyslexia. JAMA, 266, 1527-1534.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , pp. 1527-1534
    • Pennington, B.1    Gilger, J.W.2    Pauls, D.3    Smith, S.A.4    Smith, S.D.5    DeFries, J.C.6
  • 67
    • 0000306487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a susceptibility locus for phonological coding dyslexia on chromosome 6q13-q16.2
    • Petryshen, T. L., Kaplan, B. J., & Field, L. L. (1999). Evidence for a susceptibility locus for phonological coding dyslexia on chromosome 6q13-q16.2. American Journal of Human Genetics, 65, A163.
    • (1999) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.65
    • Petryshen, T.L.1    Kaplan, B.J.2    Field, L.L.3
  • 68
    • 0033912869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of significant linkage between phonological coding dyslexia and chromosome 6p23-21.3, as determined by use of quantitative-trait methods: Confirmation of qualitative analyses
    • Petryshen, T. L., Kaplan, B. J., Liu, M. F., & Field, L. L. (2000). Absence of significant linkage between phonological coding dyslexia and chromosome 6p23-21.3, as determined by use of quantitative-trait methods: confirmation of qualitative analyses. American Journal of Human Genetics, 66, 708-714.
    • (2000) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.66 , pp. 708-714
    • Petryshen, T.L.1    Kaplan, B.J.2    Liu, M.F.3    Field, L.L.4
  • 69
    • 0027213075 scopus 로고
    • Suggestive linkage of developmental dyslexia to chromosome 1p34-p36
    • Rabin, M., Wen, X. L., Hepburn, M., Lubs, H. A., Feldman, E., & Duara, R. (1993). Suggestive linkage of developmental dyslexia to chromosome 1p34-p36. Lancet, 342, 178.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 178
    • Rabin, M.1    Wen, X.L.2    Hepburn, M.3    Lubs, H.A.4    Feldman, E.5    Duara, R.6
  • 72
    • 0033853358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic factor analyses of specific cognitive abilities in 5-year-old Dutch children
    • Rietveld, M. J., van Baal, G. C., Dolan, C. V., & Boomsma, D. I. (2000). Genetic factor analyses of specific cognitive abilities in 5-year-old Dutch children. Behavior Genetics, 30, 29-40.
    • (2000) Behavior Genetics , vol.30 , pp. 29-40
    • Rietveld, M.J.1    Van Baal, G.C.2    Dolan, C.V.3    Boomsma, D.I.4
  • 76
    • 0025181072 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of reading disability in boys and girls
    • Shaywitz, S. E., Shaywitz, B. A., Fletcher, J. M., & Escobar, M. D. (1990). Prevalence of reading disability in boys and girls. JAMA, 264, 998-1002.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , pp. 998-1002
    • Shaywitz, S.E.1    Shaywitz, B.A.2    Fletcher, J.M.3    Escobar, M.D.4
  • 79
    • 0027014164 scopus 로고
    • Discrepancy compared to low achievement definitions of reading disability: Results from the Connecticut Longitudinal Study
    • Shaywitz, S. E., Fletcher, J. M., Holahan, J. M., & Shaywitz, B. A. (1992b). Discrepancy compared to low achievement definitions of reading disability: results from the Connecticut Longitudinal Study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 639-648.
    • (1992) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.25 , pp. 639-648
    • Shaywitz, S.E.1    Fletcher, J.M.2    Holahan, J.M.3    Shaywitz, B.A.4
  • 80
    • 0033458610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in the definition and diagnosis of learning disabilities: A perspective on Gluckenberger v. Boston University
    • Siegel, L. S. (1999). Issues in the definition and diagnosis of learning disabilities: A perspective on Gluckenberger v. Boston University. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 32, 350-361.
    • (1999) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.32 , pp. 350-361
    • Siegel, L.S.1
  • 82
    • 0020622130 scopus 로고
    • Specific reading disability: Identification of an inherited form through linkage analysis
    • Smith, S. D., Kimberling, W. J., Pennington, B. F., & Lubs H. A. (1983). Specific reading disability: identification of an inherited form through linkage analysis. Science, 219, 1345-1347.
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 1345-1347
    • Smith, S.D.1    Kimberling, W.J.2    Pennington, B.F.3    Lubs, H.A.4
  • 88
    • 0022443517 scopus 로고
    • Determining the mode of inheritance of RFLP-associated diseases using the affected sib-pair method
    • Thomson, G. (1986). Determining the mode of inheritance of RFLP-associated diseases using the affected sib-pair method. American Journal of Human Genetics, 93, 207-221.
    • (1986) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.93 , pp. 207-221
    • Thomson, G.1
  • 91
    • 0025068448 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in intelligence, language, visual-motor abilities, and academic achievement in wtudents with learning disabilities: A review of the literature
    • Vogel, S. (1990). Gender differences in intelligence, language, visual-motor abilities, and academic achievement in wtudents with learning disabilities: A review of the literature. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 44-52.
    • (1990) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.23 , pp. 44-52
    • Vogel, S.1
  • 96
    • 58149370819 scopus 로고
    • The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills
    • Wagner, R., & Torgesen, J. (1987) The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 192-212.
    • (1987) Psychological Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 192-212
    • Wagner, R.1    Torgesen, J.2
  • 102
    • 0031469587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of simulated oligogenic traits in nuclear and extended pedigrees: Summary of GAW10 contributions
    • Wijsman, E. M., & Amos, C. I. (1997). Genetic analysis of simulated oligogenic traits in nuclear and extended pedigrees: summary of GAW10 contributions. Genetic Epidemiology, 14, 719-735.
    • (1997) Genetic Epidemiology , vol.14 , pp. 719-735
    • Wijsman, E.M.1    Amos, C.I.2
  • 105
    • 0022620627 scopus 로고
    • Rapid alternating stimulus naming in the developmental dyslexias
    • Wolf, M. (1986). Rapid alternating stimulus naming in the developmental dyslexias. Brain and Language, 27, 360-379.
    • (1986) Brain and Language , vol.27 , pp. 360-379
    • Wolf, M.1
  • 106
    • 0022760427 scopus 로고
    • Automaticity, retrieval processes, and reading: A longitudinal study in average and impaired reading
    • Wolf, M., Bally, H., & Morris, R. (1986). Automaticity, retrieval processes, and reading: a longitudinal study in average and impaired reading. Child Development, 57, 988-1000.
    • (1986) Child Development , vol.57 , pp. 988-1000
    • Wolf, M.1    Bally, H.2    Morris, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.