Nationalism and bounded integration: What it would take to construct a European demos

European Journal of International Relations

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 139-174

  Cederman, Lars Erik ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Constructivism; Democracy; European integration; Identity formation; Nationalism

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035533638     PISSN: 13540661     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1354066101007002001     Document Type: Article

References (140)

1. Abromeit, H. (1998) Democracy in Europe: Legitimising Politics in a Non-State Polity. New York: Berghahn Books.
2. Adler, E. (1997) "Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics", European Journal of International Relations 3: 319-63.
3. Adler, E. and M. Barnett (eds) (1998) Security Communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4. Anderson, B. (1991) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
5. Aron, R. (1964) "Old Nations, New Europe", in S.R. Granbard (ed.) A New Europe? London: Oldbourne Press.
6. Banschoff, T. and M.P. Smith (1999) "Introduction: Conceptualizing Legitimacy in a Contested Polity", in T. Banschoff and M.P. Smith (eds) Legitimacy the European Union: The Contested Polity. London: Routledge.
7. Barth, F. (1969) "Introduction", in F. Barth (ed.) Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
8. Bartolini, S. (1998) "Exit Options, Boundary Building, Political Structuring." European University Institute. Working Paper SPS No. 98/1.
9. Boli, J. (1989) New Citizens for a New Society: The Institutional Origins of Mass Schooling in Sweden. Oxford: Pergamon.
10. Brass, P. (1991) Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison. Newbury Park: Sage.
11. Breuilly, J. (1982) Nationalism and the State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
12. Brubaker, R. (1992) Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
13. Brubaker, R. (1998) "Myths and Misconceptions in the Study of Nationalism" in J.A. Hall (ed.) The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. Bunce, V. (1999) Subversive Institutions: The Design and the Destruction of Socialism and the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Calhoun, C. (1993) "Nationalism and Ethnicity", Annual Review of Sociology 19: 211-39.
16. Calhoun, C. (1997) Nationalism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
17. Cederman, L.-E. (1997) Emergent Actors in World Politics: How States and Nations Develop and Dissolve. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
18. Cederman, L.-E. (ed.) (2001) Constructing Europe's Identity: The External Dimension. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
19. Christiansen, T., K.E., Jørgensten and A. Winer (1999) "The Social Construction of Europe", Journal of European Public Policy 6: 528-44.
20. Closa, C. (1998) "Supranational Citizenship and Democracy: Normative and Empirical Dimensions", in M. La Torre (ed.) European Citizenship: An Institutional Challenge. Kluwer Law International.
21. Cohen, J. and J. Rogers (1995) Associations and Democracy: The Real Utopias Project. London: Verso.
22. Colley, L. (1992) Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837. London: Pimlico.
23. Connor, W. (1994) Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
24. Coulmas, F. (1991) "European Integration and the Idea of the National Language", in F. Coulmas (ed.) A Language Policy for the European Community: Prospects and Quandaries. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
25. Dahl, R.A. (1956) A Preface to Democratic Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
26. Dahl, R.A. (1989) Democracy and its Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
27. Dahl, R.A. (1994) "A Democratic Dilemma: System Effectiveness versus Citizen Participation", Political Science Quarterly 109: 23-34.
28. Delanty, G. (1995) Inventing Europe: Idea, Identity, Reality. London: Macmillan.
29. de Rougemont, D. (1965) The Making of Europe. New York: Stein and Day.
30. de Swaan, A. (1993) "The Evolving European Language System: A Theory of Communication", International Political Science Review 14: 241-55.
31. de Witte, B. (1987) "Building Europe's Image and Identity", in A. Rijksbaron, W.H. Roobol and M. Weisglad (eds) Europe from a Cultural Perspective. The Hague: UPR.
32. de Witte, B. (1993) "Cultural Legitimation: Back to the Language Question", in S. García (ed.) European Identity and the Search for Legitimacy. London: Pinter.
33. Deutsch, K.W. (1953) Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
34. Elster, J. (1998) "Introduction", in J. Elster (ed.) Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35. Etzioni, A. (1965) Political Unification: A Comparative Study of Leaders and Forces. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
36. Eurobarometer. European Commission. Eurobarometer no. 45. Brussels.
37. European Commission (2000) "Languages in Europe." http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/languages/lang/europeanlanguages.html. (24 May 2000).
38. Ferry, J.-M. (1992a) "Identité et citoyenneté européennes", in J. Lenoble and N. Dewandre (eds) L'Europe au soir du siècle: Identité et démocratie. Paris: Éditions Esprit.
39. Ferry, J.-M. (1992b) "Pertience du postnational", in J. Lenoble and N. Dewandre (eds) L'Europe au soir du siècle: Identité et démocratie. Paris: Éditions Esprit.
40. Field, J. (1998) European Dimensions: Education, Training and the European Union. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
41. Flora, P. (2000) "Externe Grenzbildung und interne Strukturierung - Europa und seine Nationen: Eine Rokkanische Forschungsperspektive", Berliner Journal für Soziologie 2: 151-66.
42. Gellner, E. (1964) Thought and Change. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
43. Gellner, E. (1983) Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
44. Gerhards, J. (1993) "Westeuropäische Integration und die Schwierigkeiten der Entstehung einer europäischen Öffentlichkeit", Zeitschrift für Soziologie 22: 96-110.
45. Giddens, A. (1985) The Nation-State and Violence: Volume Two of a Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism. Berkeley: University of California Press.
46. Gilbert, M. (1989) On Social Facts. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
47. Greenfeld, L. (1992) Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
48. Grimm, D. (1995) "Does Europe Need a Constitution?", European Law Journal 1: 282-302.
49. Gustavsson, S. (1997) "Double Asymmetry as Normative Challenge", in A. FØllesdal and P. Koslowski (eds) Democracy and the EU. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
50. Haas, E. (1958) The Uniting of Europe: Political, Economic and Social Forces. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
51. Haas, E.B. (1964) Beyond the Nation-State. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
52. Haas, E.B. (1976) "Turbulent Fields and the Theory of European Integration", International Organization 30: 173-212.
53. Haas, E.B. (1990) When Knowledge is Power. Berkeley: University of California Press.
54. Haas, E.B. (1993) "Nationalism: An Instrumental Social Construction", Millennium 22: 505-45.
55. Haas, E.B. (1997) Nationalism, Liberalism, and Progress. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
56. Habermas, J. (1992a) Faktizität und Geltung: Beiträge zur Diskurstheorie des Rechts und des demokratischen Rechtsstaats. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
57. Habermas, J. (1992b) "Citizenship and National Identity: Some Reflections on the Future of Europe", Praxis International 12: 1-19.
58. Habermas, J. (1996) Die Einbeziehung des Anderen: Studien zur politischen Theorie. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
59. Habermas, J. (1998) Die postnationale Konstellation: Politische Essays. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
60. Hall, P.A. and R.C.R. Taylor (1996) "Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms", Political Studies 44: 936-57.
61. Harrison, R.J. (1974) Europe in Question: Theories of Regional International Integration. London: George Allen and Unwin.
62. Held, D. (1995) Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press.
63. Hobsbawm, E.J. (1990) Nations and Nationalism Since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
64. Hoffmann, S. (1966) "Obstinate or Obsolete? The Fate of the Nation-State and the Case of Western Europe", Dodalus 85: 862-915.
65. Hroch, M. (1985) Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of the Social Composition of Patriotic Groups among the Smaller European Nations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
66. Huntington, S.P. (1993) "The Clash of Civilizations?", Foreign Affairs 72: 22-49.
67. Huntington, S.P. (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Shuster.
68. Jepperson, R.L., A.W. Wendt and P.J. Katzenstein (1996) "Norms, Identity, and Culture in National Security", in Peter J. Katzenstein (ed.) The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press.
69. Joerges, C. and J. Neyer (1998) "Von intergouvernementalem Verhandeln zur deliberativen Politik: Gründe und Chancen für eine Konstitutionalisierung der europäischen Komitologie", in B. Kohler-Koch (ed.) Regieren in entgrentzten Räumen. Opladen: PVS-Sonderheft 29.
70. Kielmansegg, P. (1996) "Integration und Demokratie", in M. Jachtenfuchs and B. Kohler-Koch (eds) Europäische Integration. Opladen: Leske and Budrich.
71. Koslowski, R. (1999) "EU Citizenship: Implications for Identity and Legitimacy", in T. Banschoff and M.P. Smith (eds) Legitimacy and the European Union: The Contested Polity. London: Routledge.
72. Kraus, P.A. (2000a) "Political Unity and Linguistic Diversity in Europe", Archives européennes de sociologie 41: 138-63.
73. Kraus, P.A. (2000b) "Von Westfalen nach Kosmopolis? Die Problematik kultureller Identität in der europäischen Politik", Berliner Journal für Soziologie 2: 203-18.
74. Laffan, B. (1998) "The European Union: A Distinctive Model of Internationalization", Journal of European Public Policy 5: 235-53.
75. Laitin, D.D. (1997) "The Cultural Identities of a European State", Politics and Society 25: 277-302.
76. Lepsius, M.R. (1991) "Nationalstaat oder Nationalitätenstaat als Modell für die Weiterentwicklung der Europäischen Gemeinschaft", in R. Wildenmann (ed.) Staatswerdung Europas. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
77. Lijphart, A. (1977) Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press.
78. Lindberg, L. and S. Scheingold (1970) Europe's Would-be Polity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
79. Mann, M. (1992) "The Emergence of Modern European Nationalism", in J.A. Hall and I. Jarvie (eds) Transition to Modernity: Essays on Power, Wealth and Belief. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
80. Mann, M. (1993) The Sources of Social Power: The Rise of Classes and Nation-States, 1760-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
81. March, J.G. and J.P. Olsen (1995) Democratic Governance. New York: Free Press.
82. March, J.G. and J.P. Olsen (1998) "The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders", International Organization 52: 943-69.
83. Meyer, J.W. (1977) "The Effects of Education as an Institution", American Journal of Sociology 83: 55-77.
84. Meyer, J.W., J. Boli, G.M. Thomas, and F.O. Ramirez (1997) "World Society and the Nation-State", American Journal of Sociology 103: 144-81.
85. Meyer, J.W., F.O. Ramirez and Y.N. Soysal (1992) "World Expansion of Mass Education, 1870-1980", Sociology of Education 65: 128-149.
86. Miller, D. (1995) On Nationality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
87. Milward, A.S. (1992) The European Rescue of the Nation-State. Berkeley: University of California Press.
88. Mitrany, D. (1975) The Functional Theory of Politics. London: St Martin's Press.
89. Moravcsik, A. (1998) The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
90. Müller, H. (1994) "Internationale Beziehungen als kommunikatives Handeln: Zur Kritik der utilitaristischen Handlungstheorie", Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen 1: 15-44.
91. Münch, R. (2000) "Democracy Without Demos: European Integration as a Process of the Change of Institutions and Cultures", Conference paper EUR/30 presented at the IDNET Workshop, European Forum, European University Institute, Florence, 7-8 April.
92. Niedermayer, O. (1995) "Trends and Contrasts", in O. Niedermayer and R. Sinnott (eds) Public Opinion and International Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
93. Obradovic, D. (1996) "Policy Legitimacy and the European Union", Journal of Common Market Studies 34: 191-221.
94. Offe, C. (1998) Demokratie und Wohlfahrsstaat: eine europäische Regimeform unter dem Stress der europäischen Integration", Swiss Political Science Review 4: 35-56.
95. O'Leary, B. (1998) "Ernest Gellner's Diagnoses of Nationalism", in J.A. Hall (ed.) The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
96. Olsen, J.P. (2000) "Organising European Institutions of Governance: A Prelude to an Institutional Account of Political Integration", ARENA Working Paper, WP 00/2, Oslo.
97. Pasic, S.C. (1996) "Culturing International Relations Theory: A Call for Extension", in Y. Lapid and F. Kratochwil (eds) The Return of Culture and Identity in IR Theory. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
98. Pentland, C. (1973) International Theory and European Integration. London: Faber and Faber.
99. Riker, W.H. (1964) Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance. Boston: Little Brown.
100. Risse, T. (2000) "Let's Argue!": Communicative Action in World Politics", International Organization 54: 1-39.
101. Rokkan, S. (1999) State Formation, Nation-Building, and Mass Politics in Europe: The Theory of Stein Rokkan. ed. P. Flora. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
102. Scharpf, F.W. (1996) "Democratic Policy in Europe", European Law Journal 2: 136-55.
103. Scharpf, F.W. (1999) Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
104. Schlesinger, P. (1991) Media, State and Nation: Political Violence and Collective Identities. London: Sage.
105. Schlesinger, P. (1999) "Changing Spaces of Political Communication: The Case of the European Union", Political Communication 16: 263-79.
106. Schmalz-Bruns, R. (1997) "Bürgergesellschaftliche Politik - ein Modell der Demokratisierung der Europäischen Union?", in K.-D. Wolf (ed.) Projekt Europa im Übergang. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
107. Schmalz-Bruns, R. (1999) "Deliberativer Supranationalismus: Demokratisches Regieren jenseits des Nationalstaats", Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen 6: 185-244.
108. Schmitter, P.C. (1998) "Citizenship in an Eventual Euro-Democracy", Swiss Political Science Review 4: 141-68.
109. Sciarini, P., S. Hug and C. Dupont (2001) "Example, Exception, or Both? Swiss National Identity in Perspective", in L.-E. Cederman (ed.) Constructing Europe's Identity: The External Dimension. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
110. Shaw, J. (1999) "Postnational Constitutionalism in the European Union", Journal of European Public Policy 6: 579-97.
111. Shore, C. (1993) "Inventing the "People's Europe": Critical Approaches to European Community "Cultural Policy", Man 28: 779-99.
112. Sinnott, R. (1999) "Europeanization and Public Opinion: The Extent and Implications of "Non-Europe", paper presented at the conference "Multi-Level Party Systems: Europeanization and the Reshaping of National Political Representation", European University Institute, Florence, December.
113. Smith, A.D. (1981) The Ethnic Revival in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
114. Smith, A.D. (1986) The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
115. Smith, A.D. (1990) "The Supersession of Nationalism?", International Journal of Comparative Sociology 31: 1-31.
116. Smith, A.D. (1992) "National Identity and the Idea of European Unity", International Affairs 68: 55-76.
117. Smith, A.D. (1993) "A Europe of Nations or the Nations of Europe", Journal of Peace Research 30: 129-35.
118. Smith, A.D. (1995a) Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era. Cambridge: Polity Press.
119. Smith, A.D. (1995b) "Gastronomy or Geology? The Role of Nationalism in the Reconstruction of Nations", Nations and Nationalism 1: 3-23.
120. Snyder, L. (1984) Macro-Nationalisms: A History of the Pan-Movements. Westport, CN: Greenwood Publishers.
121. Soysal, Y.N. (1994) Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
122. Streeck, W. (1995) "Inclusion and Secession: Questions on the Boundaries of Associative Democracy", in J. Cohen and J. Rogers (eds) Associations and Democracy. London: Verso.
123. Streeck, W. (1998) "Einleitung: Internationale Wirtschaft, nationale Demokratie?", in W. Streeck (ed.) Internationale Wirtschaft, nationale Demokratie: Herausforderungen für die Demokratietheorie. Frankfurt a.M.: Campus Verlag.
124. Taylor, P. (1991) "The European Community and the State: Assumptions, Theories and Propositions", Review of International Studies 17: 109-23.
125. Theiler, T. (1998) "The European Union and the "European Dimension" in Schools: Theory and Evidence", Journal of European Integration 21: 307-41.
126. Tranholm-Mikkelsen, J. (1991) "Neo-functionalism: Obstinate or Obsolete? A Reappraisal in the Light of the New Dynamism of the EC", Millennium 20: 1-22.
127. Varenne, H. (1993) "The Question of European Nationalism", in T.M. Wilson and M.E. Smith (eds) Cultural Change and the New Europe: Perspectives on the European Community. Boulder: Westview Press.
128. Walzer, M. (1994) Thick and Thin: Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
129. Weber, E. (1976) Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870-1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
130. Weber, M. (1946) From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press.
131. Weber, M. ([1921] 1972) Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr.
132. Weiler, J.H.H. (1996) "Legitimacy and Democracy of Union Governance: The 1996 Intergovernmental Agenda and Beyond." Working Paper, ARENA.
133. Weiler, J.H.H. (1999) The Constitution of Europe: "Do the New Clothes Have an Emperor?" Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
134. Weiler, J.H.H. with U.R Haltern and F.C. Mayer (1995) "European Democracy and its Critique", in J. Hayward (ed.) The Crisis of Representation in Europe. London: Frank Cass.
135. Wendt, A. (1994) "Collective Identity Formation and the International State", American Political Science Review 88: 384-96.
136. Wendt, A. (1999) Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
137. Wiener, A. (1997) "Making Sense of the New Geography of Citizenship: Fragmented Citizenship in the European Union", Theory and Society 26: 529-60.
138. Williams, S. (1991) "Sovereignty and Accountability in the European Community", in R.O. Keohane and S. Hoffmann (eds) The New European Community: Decisionmaking and Institutional Change. Boulder: Westview.
139. Zürn, M. (1998) Regieren jenseits des Nationalstaates. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
140. Zürn, M. (2000) "Democratic Governance Beyond the Nation-State: The EU and Other International Institutions", European Journal of International Relations 6: 147-82.