메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 49-58

Rewiring the keyboard: Evolvability of the genetic code

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TRANSFER RNA;

EID: 0035234558     PISSN: 14710056     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/35047500     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (342)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0014378880 scopus 로고
    • The origin of the genetic code
    • Crick, F. H. C. The origin of the genetic code. J. Mol. Biol. 38, 367-379 (1968).
    • (1968) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.38 , pp. 367-379
    • Crick, F.H.C.1
  • 2
    • 0033152412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection, history and chemistry: The three faces of the genetic code
    • Knight, R. D., Freeland, S. J. & Landweber, L. F. Selection, history and chemistry: the three faces of the genetic code. Trends Biochem. Sci. 24, 241-247 (1999).
    • (1999) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.24 , pp. 241-247
    • Knight, R.D.1    Freeland, S.J.2    Landweber, L.F.3
  • 3
    • 0033152895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of the genetic code: Amino acids as cofactors in an RNA world
    • Szathmáry, E. The origin of the genetic code: amino acids as cofactors in an RNA world. Trends Genet. 15, 223-229 (1999).
    • (1999) Trends Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 223-229
    • Szathmáry, E.1
  • 4
    • 0018577407 scopus 로고
    • A different genetic code in human mitochondria
    • Barrell, B. G., Bankier, A. T. & Drouin, J. A different genetic code in human mitochondria. Nature 282, 189-194 (1979).
    • (1979) Nature , vol.282 , pp. 189-194
    • Barrell, B.G.1    Bankier, A.T.2    Drouin, J.3
  • 6
    • 0030138792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On malleability in the genetic code
    • Schultz, D. W. & Yarus, M. On malleability in the genetic code. J. Mol. Evol. 42, 597-601 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.42 , pp. 597-601
    • Schultz, D.W.1    Yarus, M.2
  • 7
    • 0032911874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective advantages created by codon ambiguity allowed for the evolution of an alternative genetic code in Candida spp
    • Santos, M. A., Chessman, C., Costa, V., Moradas-Ferreira, P. & Tuite, M. F. Selective advantages created by codon ambiguity allowed for the evolution of an alternative genetic code in Candida spp. Mol. Microbiol. 31, 937-947 (1999).
    • (1999) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 937-947
    • Santos, M.A.1    Chessman, C.2    Costa, V.3    Moradas-Ferreira, P.4    Tuite, M.F.5
  • 8
    • 0029661332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex adaptations and the evolution of evolvability
    • Wagner, G. P. & Altenberg, L. Complex adaptations and the evolution of evolvability. Evolution 50, 967-976 (1996).
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 967-976
    • Wagner, G.P.1    Altenberg, L.2
  • 9
    • 0029402902 scopus 로고
    • Genomic evolution drives the evolution of the translation system
    • Andersson, S. G. & Kurland, C. G. Genomic evolution drives the evolution of the translation system. Biochem. Cell Biol. 73, 775-787 (1995).
    • (1995) Biochem. Cell Biol. , vol.73 , pp. 775-787
    • Andersson, S.G.1    Kurland, C.G.2
  • 10
    • 0033023336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-universal usage of the leucine CUG codon and the molecular phylogeny of the genus Candida
    • Sugita, T. & Nakase, T. Non-universal usage of the leucine CUG codon and the molecular phylogeny of the genus Candida. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 22, 79-86 (1999).
    • (1999) Syst. Appl. Microbiol. , vol.22 , pp. 79-86
    • Sugita, T.1    Nakase, T.2
  • 11
    • 0029069222 scopus 로고
    • Genetic code deviations in the ciliates: Evidence for multiple and independent events
    • Tourancheau, A. B., Tsao, N., Klobutcher, L. A., Pearlman, R. E. & Adoutte, A. Genetic code deviations in the ciliates: evidence for multiple and independent events. EMBO J. 14, 3262-3267 (1995).
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 3262-3267
    • Tourancheau, A.B.1    Tsao, N.2    Klobutcher, L.A.3    Pearlman, R.E.4    Adoutte, A.5
  • 12
    • 0034020911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of diatom cox1 genes and implications of a fluctuating GC content on mitochondrial genetic code evolution
    • Ehara, M., Inagaki, Y., Watanabe, K. I. & Ohama, T. Phylogenetic analysis of diatom cox1 genes and implications of a fluctuating GC content on mitochondrial genetic code evolution. Curr. Genet. 37, 29-33 (2000).
    • (2000) Curr. Genet. , vol.37 , pp. 29-33
    • Ehara, M.1    Inagaki, Y.2    Watanabe, K.I.3    Ohama, T.4
  • 14
    • 0030685714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A deviant mitochondrial genetic code in prymnesiophytes (yellow-algae): UGA codon for tryptophan
    • Hayashi-Ishimaru, Y., Ehara, M., Inagaki, Y. & Ohama, T. A deviant mitochondrial genetic code in prymnesiophytes (yellow-algae): UGA codon for tryptophan. Curr. Genet. 32, 296-299 (1997).
    • (1997) Curr. Genet. , vol.32 , pp. 296-299
    • Hayashi-Ishimaru, Y.1    Ehara, M.2    Inagaki, Y.3    Ohama, T.4
  • 15
    • 0032584155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon reassignment and amino acid composition in hemichordate mitochondria
    • Castresana, J., Feldmaier-Fuchs, G. & Pääbo, S. Codon reassignment and amino acid composition in hemichordate mitochondria. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 3703-3707 (1998).
    • (1998) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 3703-3707
    • Castresana, J.1    Feldmaier-Fuchs, G.2    Pääbo, S.3
  • 16
    • 0026574207 scopus 로고
    • Recent evidence for evolution of the genetic code
    • Osawa, S., Jukes, T. H., Watanabe, K. & Muto, A. Recent evidence for evolution of the genetic code. Microbiol. Rev. 56, 229-264 (1992).
    • (1992) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.56 , pp. 229-264
    • Osawa, S.1    Jukes, T.H.2    Watanabe, K.3    Muto, A.4
  • 17
    • 0019412323 scopus 로고
    • Unorthodox codon reading and the evolution of the genetic code
    • Lagerkvist, U. Unorthodox codon reading and the evolution of the genetic code. Cell 23, 305-306 (1981).
    • (1981) Cell , vol.23 , pp. 305-306
    • Lagerkvist, U.1
  • 18
    • 0033993457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guilt by association: The arginine case revisited
    • Knight, R. D. & Landweber, L. F. Guilt by association: the arginine case revisited. RNA 6, 499-510 (2000).
    • (2000) RNA , vol.6 , pp. 499-510
    • Knight, R.D.1    Landweber, L.F.2
  • 19
    • 0034628438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tripeptide 'anticodon' deciphers stop codons in messenger RNA
    • Ito, K., Uno, M. & Nakamura, Y. A tripeptide 'anticodon' deciphers stop codons in messenger RNA. Nature 403, 680-684 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 680-684
    • Ito, K.1    Uno, M.2    Nakamura, Y.3
  • 20
    • 0025267036 scopus 로고
    • Relaxation of a transfer RNA specificity by removal of modified nucleotides
    • Perret, V. et al. Relaxation of a transfer RNA specificity by removal of modified nucleotides. Nature 344, 787-789 (1990).
    • (1990) Nature , vol.344 , pp. 787-789
    • Perret, V.1
  • 21
    • 0023734317 scopus 로고
    • Codon and amino-acid specificities of a transfer RNA are both converted by a single post-transcriptional modification
    • Muramatsu, T. et al. Codon and amino-acid specificities of a transfer RNA are both converted by a single post-transcriptional modification. Nature 336, 179-181 (1988).
    • (1988) Nature , vol.336 , pp. 179-181
    • Muramatsu, T.1
  • 22
    • 0003634460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds Grosjean, H. & Benne, R.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington
    • Cermakian, N. & Cedegren, R. C. in Modification and Editing of RNA (eds Grosjean, H. & Benne, R.) 535-541 (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 1998).
    • (1998) Modification and Editing of RNA , pp. 535-541
    • Cermakian, N.1    Cedegren, R.C.2
  • 23
    • 0032541654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-catalysed nucleotide synthesis
    • Unrau, P. J. & Bartel, D. P. RNA-catalysed nucleotide synthesis. Nature 395, 260-263 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 260-263
    • Unrau, P.J.1    Bartel, D.P.2
  • 24
    • 0032999966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prebiotic synthesis of modified purines and their potential role in the RNA world
    • Levy, M. & Miller, S. L. The prebiotic synthesis of modified purines and their potential role in the RNA world. J. Mol. Evol. 48, 631-637 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.48 , pp. 631-637
    • Levy, M.1    Miller, S.L.2
  • 25
    • 0025897378 scopus 로고
    • Posttranscriptional modification of tRNA in thermophilic archaea (Archaebacteria)
    • Edmonds, C. G. et al. Posttranscriptional modification of tRNA in thermophilic archaea (Archaebacteria). J. Bacteriol. 173, 3138-3148 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Bacteriol. , vol.173 , pp. 3138-3148
    • Edmonds, C.G.1
  • 26
    • 3643114575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universal rules and idiosyncratic features in tRNA identity
    • Giege, R., Sissler, M. & Florentz, C. Universal rules and idiosyncratic features in tRNA identity. Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 5017-5035 (1998). Excellent review of tRNA identity.
    • (1998) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.26 , pp. 5017-5035
    • Giege, R.1    Sissler, M.2    Florentz, C.3
  • 27
    • 0022328469 scopus 로고
    • tRNA, suppression, and the code
    • Murgola, E. J. tRNA, suppression, and the code. Annu. Rev. Genet, 19, 57-80 (1985).
    • (1985) Annu. Rev. Genet , vol.19 , pp. 57-80
    • Murgola, E.J.1
  • 28
    • 0030962189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional considerations of the aminoacylation reaction
    • Arnez, J. G. & Moras, D. Structural and functional considerations of the aminoacylation reaction. Trends Biochem. Sci. 22, 211-216 (1997).
    • (1997) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 211-216
    • Arnez, J.G.1    Moras, D.2
  • 29
    • 0032488826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel wobble rule found in starfish mitochondria. Presence of 7-methylguanosine at the anticodon wobble position expands decoding capability of tRNA
    • Matsuyama, S., Ueda, T., Crain, P. F., McCloskey, J. A. & Watanabe, K. A novel wobble rule found in starfish mitochondria. Presence of 7-methylguanosine at the anticodon wobble position expands decoding capability of tRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 3363-3363 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 3363-3363
    • Matsuyama, S.1    Ueda, T.2    Crain, P.F.3    McCloskey, J.A.4    Watanabe, K.5
  • 30
    • 0032581682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 7-Methylguanosine at the anticodon wobble position of squid mitochondrial tRNA(Ser)GCU: Molecular basis for assignment of AGA/AGG codons as serine in invertebrate mitochondria
    • Tomita, K., Ueda, T. & Watanabe, K. 7-Methylguanosine at the anticodon wobble position of squid mitochondrial tRNA(Ser)GCU: molecular basis for assignment of AGA/AGG codons as serine in invertebrate mitochondria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1399, 78-82 (1998).
    • (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1399 , pp. 78-82
    • Tomita, K.1    Ueda, T.2    Watanabe, K.3
  • 31
    • 0033572678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C to U editing of the anticodon of imported mitochondrial tRNA(Trp) allows decoding of the UGA stop codon in Leishmania tarentolae
    • Alfonzo, J. D., Blanc, V., Estevez, A. M., Rubio, M. A. & Simpson, L. C to U editing of the anticodon of imported mitochondrial tRNA(Trp) allows decoding of the UGA stop codon in Leishmania tarentolae. EMBO J. 18, 7056-7062 (1999).
    • (1999) EMBO J. , vol.18 , pp. 7056-7062
    • Alfonzo, J.D.1    Blanc, V.2    Estevez, A.M.3    Rubio, M.A.4    Simpson, L.5
  • 32
    • 0032168849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two birds with one stone: Genes that encode products targeted to two or more compartments
    • Small, I., Wintz, H., Akashi, K. & Mireau, H. Two birds with one stone: genes that encode products targeted to two or more compartments. Plant Mol. Biol. 38, 265-277 (1998).
    • (1998) Plant Mol. Biol. , vol.38 , pp. 265-277
    • Small, I.1    Wintz, H.2    Akashi, K.3    Mireau, H.4
  • 33
    • 0032833024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gy identity and functional interrelation with the glycylation systems from other phylae
    • Gy identity and functional interrelation with the glycylation systems from other phylae. Biochemistry 38, 13094-13105 (1999).
    • (1999) Biochemistry , vol.38 , pp. 13094-13105
    • Mazauric, M.H.1    Roy, H.2    Kern, D.3
  • 34
    • 0344468103 scopus 로고
    • The recent excitement in the coding problem
    • Crick, F. H. C. The recent excitement in the coding problem. Prog. Nucleic Acids 1, 163-217 (1963).
    • (1963) Prog. Nucleic Acids , vol.1 , pp. 163-217
    • Crick, F.H.C.1
  • 35
    • 0013936167 scopus 로고
    • Codon-anticodon pairing: The wobble hypothesis
    • Crick, F. H. Codon-anticodon pairing: the wobble hypothesis. J. Mol. Biol. 19, 548-555 (1966).
    • (1966) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 548-555
    • Crick, F.H.1
  • 36
    • 0024583607 scopus 로고
    • Codon reassignment (codon capture) in evolution
    • Osawa, S. & Jukes, T. H. Codon reassignment (codon capture) in evolution. J. Mol. Evol. 28, 271-278 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.28 , pp. 271-278
    • Osawa, S.1    Jukes, T.H.2
  • 37
    • 0028332057 scopus 로고
    • Transfer RNA mutation and the malleability of the genetic code
    • Schultz, D. W. & Yarus, M. Transfer RNA mutation and the malleability of the genetic code. J. Mol. Biol. 235, 1377-1380 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.235 , pp. 1377-1380
    • Schultz, D.W.1    Yarus, M.2
  • 38
    • 0032127258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductive evolution of resident genomes
    • Andersson, S. G. & Kurland, C. G. Reductive evolution of resident genomes. Trends Microbiol. 6, 263-268 (1998).
    • (1998) Trends Microbiol. , vol.6 , pp. 263-268
    • Andersson, S.G.1    Kurland, C.G.2
  • 40
    • 0025908021 scopus 로고
    • Codon swapping as a possible evolutionary mechanism
    • Szathmáry, E. Codon swapping as a possible evolutionary mechanism. J. Mol. Evol. 32, 178-182 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.32 , pp. 178-182
    • Szathmáry, E.1
  • 41
    • 0345345078 scopus 로고
    • 'Two out of three': An alternative method for codon reading
    • Lagerkvist, U. 'Two out of three': An alternative method for codon reading. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 75, 1759-1762 (1978).
    • (1978) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.75 , pp. 1759-1762
    • Lagerkvist, U.1
  • 42
    • 0032513368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a transfer RNA gene through a point mutation in the anticodon
    • Saks, M. E., Sampson, J. R. & Abelson, J. Evolution of a transfer RNA gene through a point mutation in the anticodon. Science 279, 1665-1670 (1998). Demonstration that a single-base change at the anticodon of a tRNA can change both its decoding and aminoacytation specificities. This paper has important implications for the use of tRNA phylogeny to track the evolution of the genetic code.
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 1665-1670
    • Saks, M.E.1    Sampson, J.R.2    Abelson, J.3
  • 44
    • 0002229790 scopus 로고
    • (eds Soil, D. & RajBhandary, U.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington
    • Murgola, E. J. in tRNA: Structure, Biosynthesis and Function (eds Soil, D. & RajBhandary, U.) 491-509 (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 1995).
    • (1995) tRNA: Structure, Biosynthesis and Function , pp. 491-509
    • Murgola, E.J.1
  • 45
    • 0025610787 scopus 로고
    • Genetic code 1990. Outlook
    • Jukes, T. H. Genetic code 1990. Outlook. Experientia 46, 1149-1157 (1990).
    • (1990) Experientia , vol.46 , pp. 1149-1157
    • Jukes, T.H.1
  • 46
    • 0033230183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon reading patterns in Drosophila melanogaster mitochondria based on their tRNA sequences: A unique wobble rule in animal mitochondria
    • Tomita, K. et al. Codon reading patterns in Drosophila melanogaster mitochondria based on their tRNA sequences: a unique wobble rule in animal mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res. 27, 4291-4297 (1999).
    • (1999) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.27 , pp. 4291-4297
    • Tomita, K.1
  • 47
    • 0027436686 scopus 로고
    • An operational genetic code for amino acids and possible relationship to genetic code
    • Schimmel, P., Giege, R., Moras, D. & Yokoyama, S. An operational genetic code for amino acids and possible relationship to genetic code. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 8763-8768 (1993).
    • (1993) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 8763-8768
    • Schimmel, P.1    Giege, R.2    Moras, D.3    Yokoyama, S.4
  • 49
    • 0030119172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral changes and modifications of the genetic code
    • Jukes, T. H. Neutral changes and modifications of the genetic code. Theor. Popul. Biol. 49, 143-145 (1996).
    • (1996) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.49 , pp. 143-145
    • Jukes, T.H.1
  • 50
    • 0030802495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread and ancient distribution of a noncanonical genetic Code in diplomonads
    • Keeling, P. J. & Doolittle, W. F. Widespread and ancient distribution of a noncanonical genetic Code in diplomonads. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14, 895-901 (1997).
    • (1997) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 895-901
    • Keeling, P.J.1    Doolittle, W.F.2
  • 51
    • 0031662136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic code is one in a million
    • Freeland, S. J. & Hurst, L. D. The genetic code is one in a million. J. Mol. Evol. 47, 238-248 (1998). A statistical argument to show that the actual genetic code minimizes the effects of error far better than would be expected by chance.
    • (1998) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.47 , pp. 238-248
    • Freeland, S.J.1    Hurst, L.D.2
  • 53
    • 0031182554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response: Further comments on codon reassignment
    • Yarus, M. & Schultz, D. W. Response: Further comments on codon reassignment. J. Mol. Evol. 45, 1-8 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.45 , pp. 1-8
    • Yarus, M.1    Schultz, D.W.2
  • 54
    • 0028899217 scopus 로고
    • Decoding with the A:l wobble pair is inefficient
    • Curran, J. F. Decoding with the A:l wobble pair is inefficient. Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 683-688 (1995).
    • (1995) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.23 , pp. 683-688
    • Curran, J.F.1
  • 55
    • 0025904515 scopus 로고
    • An extreme codon preference strategy: Codon reassignment
    • Andersson, G. E. & Kurland, C. G. An extreme codon preference strategy: codon reassignment. Mol. Biol. Evol. 8, 530-544 (1991).
    • (1991) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 530-544
    • Andersson, G.E.1    Kurland, C.G.2
  • 56
    • 0034002683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-ligand chemistry: A testable source for the genetic code
    • Yarus, M. RNA-ligand chemistry: a testable source for the genetic code. RNA 6, 475-484 (2000).
    • (2000) RNA , vol.6 , pp. 475-484
    • Yarus, M.1
  • 57
    • 0025923213 scopus 로고
    • Sequences of two rbcS cDNA clones of Batophora oerstedii: Structural and evolutionary considerations
    • Schneider, S. U. & de Groot, E. J. Sequences of two rbcS cDNA clones of Batophora oerstedii: structural and evolutionary considerations. Curr. Genet. 20, 173-175 (1991).
    • (1991) Curr. Genet. , vol.20 , pp. 173-175
    • Schneider, S.U.1    De Groot, E.J.2
  • 58
    • 0035936577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of nuclear genetic code change in ciliates
    • in the press
    • Lozupone, C. A., Knight, R. D. & Landweber, L. F. The molecular basis of nuclear genetic code change in ciliates. Curr. Biol. (in the press).
    • Curr. Biol.
    • Lozupone, C.A.1    Knight, R.D.2    Landweber, L.F.3
  • 59
    • 0026013476 scopus 로고
    • CGG: An unassigned or nonsense codon in Mycoplasma capricolum
    • Oba, T., Andachi, Y., Muto, A. & Osawa, S. CGG: an unassigned or nonsense codon in Mycoplasma capricolum. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 921-925 (1991).
    • (1991) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 921-925
    • Oba, T.1    Andachi, Y.2    Muto, A.3    Osawa, S.4
  • 60
    • 0342758596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus: Evidence for UAG being a leucine and UCA being a non-sense codon
    • Kuck, U., Jekosch, K. & Holzamer, P. DNA sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus: evidence for UAG being a leucine and UCA being a non-sense codon. Gene 253, 13-18 (2000).
    • (2000) Gene , vol.253 , pp. 13-18
    • Kuck, U.1    Jekosch, K.2    Holzamer, P.3
  • 61
    • 0027458828 scopus 로고
    • Unassigned or nonsense codons in Micrococcus luteus
    • Kano, A., Ohama, T., Abe, R. & Osawa, S. Unassigned or nonsense codons in Micrococcus luteus. J. Mol. Biol. 230, 51-56 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.230 , pp. 51-56
    • Kano, A.1    Ohama, T.2    Abe, R.3    Osawa, S.4
  • 62
    • 0027145102 scopus 로고
    • Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla
    • Cavalier-Smith, T. Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla. Microbiol. Rev. 57, 953-994 (1993).
    • (1993) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.57 , pp. 953-994
    • Cavalier-Smith, T.1
  • 63
    • 0034633762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in mitochondrial genetic codes as phylogenetic characters: Two examples from the ftatworms
    • Telford, M. J., Hemiou, E. A., Russell, R. B. & Littlewood, D. T. Changes in mitochondrial genetic codes as phylogenetic characters: two examples from the ftatworms. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 11359-11364 (2000).
    • (2000) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 11359-11364
    • Telford, M.J.1    Hemiou, E.A.2    Russell, R.B.3    Littlewood, D.T.4
  • 64
    • 0031716525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directionally evolving genetic code: The UGA codon from stop to tryptophan in mitochondria
    • Inagaki, Y., Ehara, M., Watanabe, K. I., Hayashi-Ishimaru, Y. & Ohama, T. Directionally evolving genetic code: the UGA codon from stop to tryptophan in mitochondria. J. Mol. Evol. 47, 378-384 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.47 , pp. 378-384
    • Inagaki, Y.1    Ehara, M.2    Watanabe, K.I.3    Hayashi-Ishimaru, Y.4    Ohama, T.5
  • 65
    • 0028363270 scopus 로고
    • The structure of the small mitochondrial DNA of Kluyveromyces thermotolerans is likely to reflect the ancestral gene order in fungi
    • Clark-Walker, G. D. & Weiller, G. F. The structure of the small mitochondrial DNA of Kluyveromyces thermotolerans is likely to reflect the ancestral gene order in fungi. J. Mol. Evol. 38, 593-601 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.38 , pp. 593-601
    • Clark-Walker, G.D.1    Weiller, G.F.2
  • 66
    • 0030810939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial tRNAs in the lower fungus Spizellomyces punctatus: tRNA editing and UAG 'stop' codons recognized as leucine
    • Laforest, M. J., Roewer, I. & Lang, B. F. Mitochondrial tRNAs in the lower fungus Spizellomyces punctatus: tRNA editing and UAG 'stop' codons recognized as leucine. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 626-632 (1997).
    • (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.25 , pp. 626-632
    • Laforest, M.J.1    Roewer, I.2    Lang, B.F.3
  • 68
    • 0031026931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic affinity of mitochondria of Euglena gracilis and kinetoplastids using cytochrome oxidase I and hsp60
    • Yasuhira, S. & Simpson, L. Phylogenetic affinity of mitochondria of Euglena gracilis and kinetoplastids using cytochrome oxidase I and hsp60. J. Mol. Evol. 44, 341-347 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.44 , pp. 341-347
    • Yasuhira, S.1    Simpson, L.2
  • 69
    • 0026016632 scopus 로고
    • UGA can be decoded as tryptophan at low efficiency in Bacillus subtilis
    • Lovett, P. S. et al. UGA can be decoded as tryptophan at low efficiency in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 173, 1810-1812 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Bacteriol. , vol.173 , pp. 1810-1812
    • Lovett, P.S.1
  • 70
    • 0033118871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The presence of pseudouridine in the anticodon alters the genetic code: A possible mechanism for assignment of the AAA lysine codon as asparagine in echinoderm mitochondria
    • Tomita, K., Ueda, T. & Watanabe, K. The presence of pseudouridine in the anticodon alters the genetic code: a possible mechanism for assignment of the AAA lysine codon as asparagine in echinoderm mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res. 27, 1683-1689 (1999).
    • (1999) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.27 , pp. 1683-1689
    • Tomita, K.1    Ueda, T.2    Watanabe, K.3
  • 71
    • 0033524395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modified nucleosides in the first positions of the anticodons of tRNA(Leu)4 and tRNA(Leu)5 from Escherichia coli
    • Horie, N. et al. Modified nucleosides in the first positions of the anticodons of tRNA(Leu)4 and tRNA(Leu)5 from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 38, 207-217 (1999).
    • (1999) Biochemistry , vol.38 , pp. 207-217
    • Horie, N.1
  • 72
    • 0031311973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-formylcytidine (f5C) found at the wobble position of the anticodon of squid mitochondrial tRNA(Met)CAU
    • Tomita, K., Ueda, T. & Watanabe, K. 5-formylcytidine (f5C) found at the wobble position of the anticodon of squid mitochondrial tRNA(Met)CAU. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 37, 197-198 (1997).
    • (1997) Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. , vol.37 , pp. 197-198
    • Tomita, K.1    Ueda, T.2    Watanabe, K.3
  • 73
    • 0031042043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary sequence of mitochondrial tRNA(Arg) of a nematode Ascaris suum: Occurrence of unmodified adenosine at the first position of the anticodon
    • Watanabe, Y. et al. Primary sequence of mitochondrial tRNA(Arg) of a nematode Ascaris suum: occurrence of unmodified adenosine at the first position of the anticodon. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1350, 119-122 (1997).
    • (1997) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1350 , pp. 119-122
    • Watanabe, Y.1
  • 74
    • 0027314978 scopus 로고
    • Undiscriminating codon reading with adenosine in the wobble position
    • Boren, T. et al. Undiscriminating codon reading with adenosine in the wobble position. J. Mol. Biol. 230, 739-749 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.230 , pp. 739-749
    • Boren, T.1
  • 76
    • 0003729361 scopus 로고
    • (eds Söll, D. & RajBhandary, U.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington
    • Watanabe, K. & Osawa, S. in tRNA: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function (eds Söll, D. & RajBhandary, U.) 225-250 (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 1995).
    • (1995) tRNA: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function , pp. 225-250
    • Watanabe, K.1    Osawa, S.2
  • 77
    • 0002365884 scopus 로고
    • (eds. Söll, D. & RajBhandary, U.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington
    • Yokoyama, S. & Nishimura, S. in tRNA: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function (eds. Söll, D. & RajBhandary, U.) 207-223 (American Society for Microbiology, Washington 1995).
    • (1995) tRNA: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function , pp. 207-223
    • Yokoyama, S.1    Nishimura, S.2
  • 78
    • 0003634460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds Grosjean, H. & Benne, R.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington
    • Björk, G. R. in Modification and Editing of RNA (eds Grosjean, H. & Benne, R.) 577-581 (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 1998).
    • (1998) Modification and Editing of RNA , pp. 577-581
    • Björk, G.R.1
  • 79
    • 0003634460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds Grosjean, H. & Benne, R.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington
    • Curran, J. F. in Modification and Editing of RNA (eds Grosjean, H. & Benne, R.) 493-516 (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 1998). Excellent review of the base-pairing roles of normal and modified bases at the wobble position in the tRNA anticodon.
    • (1998) Modification and Editing of RNA , pp. 493-516
    • Curran, J.F.1
  • 80
    • 0003634460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds Grosjean, H. & Benne, R.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington
    • Motorin, Y. & Grosjean, H. in Modification and Editing of RNA (eds Grosjean, H. & Benne, R.) 543-549 (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 1998).
    • (1998) Modification and Editing of RNA , pp. 543-549
    • Motorin, Y.1    Grosjean, H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.