Hantavirus infections in Europe

Advances in Virus Research

Volumn 57, Issue , 2001, Pages 105-136

  Plyusnin, Alexander ^a,b   Krüger, Detlev H ^b   Lundkvist, Åke ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^c CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^d SWEDISH INSTITUTE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BLOOD; ECOSYSTEM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EUROPE; HANTAVIRUS; HUMAN; REVIEW; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANIMALS; ECOSYSTEM; EPIDEMIOLOGY, MOLECULAR; EUROPE; HANTAVIRUS; HANTAVIRUS INFECTIONS; HUMANS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES;

EID: 0035231816     PISSN: 00653527     EISSN: 15578399     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(01)57002-5     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. C Ahlm M Linderholm P Juto B Stegmayr B Settergren Prevalence of serum IgG antibodies to Puumala virus (haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) in northern Sweden Epidemiol. Infect. 113 1994 129 136
2. C Ahlm P Juto B Stegmayr B Settergren G Wadell A Tärnvik F Elgh Prevalence of serum antibodies to hantaviruses in northern Sweden as measured by recombinant nucleocapsid proteins Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 29 1997 349 354
3. C Ahlm A Thelin F Elgh P Juto E.L Stiernströ S Holmberg A Tärnvik Prevalence of antibodies specific to Puumala virus among farmers in Sweden Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health 24 1998 104 108
4. C Ahlm K Wallin Å Lundkvist F Elgh P Juto M Merza A Tärnvik Serologic evidence of Puumala virus infection in wild moose in northern Sweden Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62 2000 106 111
5. A Antoniadis A Stylianakis A Papa S Alexiou-Daniel A Lampropoulos S.T Nichol C.J Peters C.F Spiropoulou Direct genetic detection of Dobrava virus in Greek and Albanian patients with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome J. Infect. Dis. 174 1996 407 410
6. J Arikawa A.L Schmaljohn J.M Dalrymple C.S Schmaljohn Characterization of Hantaan virus envelope glycoprotein antigenic determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies J. Gen. Virol. 70 1989 615 624
7. J Arikawa J.-S Yao K Yoshimatsu L Takashima N Hashimoto Protective role of antigenic sites on the envelope protein of Hantaan virus defined by monoclonal antibodies Arch. Virol. 126 1992 271 281
8. H Asada M Tamura K Kondo Y Okuno Y Takahashi Y Dohi T Nagai T Kurata K Yamanishi Role of T lymphocyte subsets in protection and recovery from Hantaan virus infection in mice J. Gen. Virol. 68 1987 1069 1961
9. H Asada M Tamura K Kondo Y Dohi K Yamanishi Cell-mediated immunity to virus causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes J. Gen. Virol. 69 1988 2179 2188
10. T.S Avsic-Zupanc S.Y Xiao R Stojanovic A Gligic J van der Groen J.W Le Duc Characterization of Dobrava virus: a hantavirus from Slovenia, Yugoslavia J. Med. Virol. 38 1992 132 137
11. T Avsic-Zupanc A Toney K Anderson Y.K Chu C Schmaljohn Genetic and antigenic properties of Dobrava virus: a unique member of the hantavirus genus, family Bunyaviridae J. Gen. Virol. 76 1995 2801 2808
12. T Avzic-Zupanc M Petrovec P Furlan R Kaps F Elgh Å Lundkvist Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the Dolenjska region of Slovenia—a tenyear survey Clin. Infect. Dis. 28 1999 860 865
13. T Avsic-Zupanc K Nemirov M Petrovec T Trilar M Poljack A Vaheri A Plyusnin Genetic analysis of wild-type Dobrava hantavirus in Slovenia: co-existence of two distinct genetic lineages within the same natural focus J. Gen. Virol. 81 2000 1747 1755
14. A.D Bernstein N.S Apekina T.V Mikhailova Yu.A Myasnikov L.A Klyap I.N Gavrilovskaya Characteristics of hantavirus infection in naturally infected bank voles (Clethrinomys glareolus) Arch. Virol. 144 1999 2415 2428
15. M.D Bowen W Gelbmann T.G Ksiazek S.T Nichol N Nowotny Puumala virus and two genetic variants of Tula virus are present in Austrian rodents J. Med. Virol. 53 1997 174 181
16. M Brummer-Korvenkontio A Vaheri T Hovi C-H von Bonsdorff J Vuorimies T Manni H Penttinen N Oker-Blom J Lḧdevirta Nephropathia epidemica: detection of antigen in bank voles and serologic diagnosis of human infection J. Infect. Dis. 141 1980 131 134
17. M Brummer-Korvenkontio H Henttonen A Vaheri Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Finland: ecology and virology of nephropathia epidemica Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl. 36 1982 88 91
18. M Brummer-Korvenkontio O Vapalahti H Henttonen P Koskela P Kuusisto A Vaheri Epidemiological study of Nephropathia epidemica in Finland 1989–1996 Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 31 1999 1 9
19. K Brus Sjölander F Elgh H Kallio-Kokko O Vapalahti M Hägglund V Palmcrantz P Juto A Vaheri B Niklasson Å Lundkvist Evaluation of serological methods for diagnosis of Puumala hantavirus infection (Nephropathia epidemica) J. Clin. Microbial. 35 1997 3264 3268
20. K Brus Sjölander Å Lundkvist Dobrava virus infection: serological diagnosis and cross-reactions to other hantaviruses J. Virol. Methods 80 1999 137 143
21. Yu.-G Chernukha O.A Evdokimova A.V Chechovich Results of caryological and immunobiological studies of the striped field mouse ( Apodemus agrarius ) from different areas of its range Zool. J. 65 1986 471 475 (in Russian)
22. J.R Dantas Jr. Y Okuno H Asada M Tamura M Takahashi O Tanishita Y Takahashi T Kurata K Yamanishi Characterization of glycoproteins of viruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) using monoclonal antibodies Virology 151 1986 379 384
23. J Desmyter J.W LeDuc K.M Johnson E Brasseur C Deckers C van Ypersele de Strihou Laboratory rat associated outbreak of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome due to Hantaan-like virus in Belgium Lancet 2 8365-66 1983 1445 1448
24. K Dohmae U Koshimizu Y Nishimune In utero and mammary transfer of hantavirus antibody from dams to infant rats Lab. Anim. Sci. 43 1993 557 561
25. K Dohmae Y Nishimune Maternal transfer of Hantavirus antibodies in rats Lab. Anim. Sci. 48 1998 395 397
26. F Elgh G Wadell P Juto Comparison of the kinetics of Puumala virus specific IgM and IgG antibody responses in nephropathia epidemica as measured by a recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunofluorescence test J. Med. Virol. 45 1995 146 150
27. F Elgh M Linderholm G Wadell P Juto The clinical usefulness of a Puumala virus recombinant nucleocapsid protein based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis of nephropathia epidemica as compared with an immunofluorescence assay Clin. Diag. Virol. 6 1996 17 26
28. F Elgh Å Lundkvist O.A Alexeyev G Wadell P Juto A major antigenic domain for the human humoral response to Puumala virus nucleocapsid protein is located at the amino-terminus J. Virol. Methods 59 1996 161 172
29. F Elgh Å Lundkvist O.A Alexeyev H Stenlund T Avsic-Zupanc B Hjelle H.W Lee K.J Smith R Vainionpää D Wiger G Wadell P Juto Serological diagnosis of hantavirus infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on detection of immunoglobulin G and M responses to recombinant nucleocapsid protein of five viral serotypes J. Clin. Microbiol. 35 1997 1122 1130
30. R.M Elliott M Bouloy C.H Calisher R Goldbach J.T Moyer S.T Nichol R Pettersson A Plyusnin C.S Schmaljohn Bunyaviridae M.H.V van Regenmortel C.M Fauquet D.H.L Bishop E.B Carsten M.K Estes S.M Lemon J Maniloff M.A Mayo D.J McGeoch C.R Pringle R.B Wickner Virus Taxonomy. VIIth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 2000 Academic Press San Diego, CA 599 631
31. F.A Ennis J Cruz C.F Spiropoulou D Waite C.J Peters S.T Nichol H Kariwa F.T Koster Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: CD8+ and CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes to epitopes on Sin Nombre virus nucleocapsid protein isolated during acute illness Virology 238 1997 380 390
32. J Felsenstein PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) 1993 version 3.5c
33. I Gavrilovskaya N.S Apekina A.D Bernstein V.D Demina N.M Okulova Y.A Myasnikov M.P Chumakov Pathogenesis of HFRS virus infection and mode of horizontal transmission of hantavirus in bank voles Arch. Virol. Suppl. 1 1990 57 62
34. L Gavrilovskaya M Shepley R Shaw M Ginsberg E Mackow Beta3 integrins mediate the cellular entry of hantaviruses that cause respiratory failure Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 1998 7074 7079
35. I.N Gavrilovskaya E.J Brown M.H Ginsberg E.R Mackow Cellular entry of hantaviruses which cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is mediated by β3 integrins J. Virol. 73 1999 3951 3959
36. L.B Giebel R Stohwasser L Zöller E.K.F Bautz G Darai Determination of the coding capacity of the M genome segment of Nephropathia epidemica virus strain Hâllnâs B1 by molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis Virology 172 1989 498 505
37. P Heyman T Vervoort P Colson Y.K Chu T Avsic-Zupanc A Lundkvist A major outbreak of hantavirus infection in Belgium in 1995 and 1996 Epidemiol. Infect. 122 1999 447 453
38. B Hjelle D Goade N Torrez-Martinez M Lang-Williams J Kim R.L Harris J.A Rawlings Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, renal insufficiency, and myositis associated with infection by Bayou hantavirus Clin. Infect. Dis. 23 1996 495 500
39. J Hörling Å Lundkvist J.W Huggins B Niklasson Antibodies to Puumala virus in humans determined by neutralization test J. Virol. Methods. 39 1992 139 147
40. J Hörling Å Lundkvist K Persson M Mullart T Czagurova A Dekonenko E Tkachenko B Niklasson Detection and subsequent sequencing of Puumala virus from human specimens by polymerase chain reaction J. Clin. Microbiol. 33 1995 277 282
41. J Hörling Å Lundkvist A Plyusnin M Jaarola H Tegelströ K Persson H Lehv⇒lahio B Hörnfeldt A Vaheri B Niklasson Distribution and genetic heterogeneity of Puumala virus in Sweden J. Gen. Virol. 77 1996 2555 2562
42. C Huang B Jin M Wang E Li C Sun Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: relationship between pathogenesis and cellular immunity J. Infect. Dis. 169 1993 868 870
43. J.W Huggins C.M Hsiang T.M Cosgrif M.Y Guang J.I Smith Z.O Wu J.W LeDuc Z.M Zheng J.M Meegan Q.N Wang Prospective, double-blind, concurrent, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ribavirin therapy of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome J. Infect. Dis. 164 1991 1119 1127
44. M Hukic A Kurt S Torstensson Å Lundkvist D Wiger B Niklasson Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in north-east Bosnia Lancet 347 1996 56 57
45. A Ivanov O Vapalahti H Lankinen E Tkachenko A Vaheri B Niklasson Å Lundkvist Biotin-labeled antigen: a novel approach for detection of Puumala virus-specific IgM J. Viral. Methods 62 1996 87 92
46. M Jaarola H Tegelström Colonization history of north European field voles (Microtus agrestis) revealed by mitochondrial DNA Mol. Ecol. 4 1995 299 310
47. H Kallio-Kokko O Vapalahti Å Lundkvist A Vaheri Evaluation of Puumala virus IgG and IgM enzyme immunoassays based on recombinant baculovirus expressed nucleocapsid protein for early nephropathia epidemica diagnosis Clin. Diag. Virol. 10 1998 83 90
48. H Kallio-Kokko Å Lundkvist A Plyusnin T Avsic-Zupanc A Vaheri O Vapalahti Antigenic properties and diagnostic potential of recombinant Dobrava virus nucleocapsid protein J. Med. Virol. 61 2000 266 274
49. M Kanerva J Mustonen A Vaheri Pathogenesis of Puumala and other hantavirus infections Rev. Med. Virol. 8 1998 67 86
50. H Kariwa S Yoshizumi J Arikawa K Yoshimatsu K Takahashi I Takashima N Hashimoto Evidence for the existence of Puumala-related virus among Clethrionomys rufocanus in Hokkaido, Japan Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 53 1995 222 227
51. H Kariwa K Yoshimatsu J Sawabe E Yokota J Arikawa L Takashima H Fukushima Å Lundkvist F.N Shubin L.M Isachkova R.A Slonova G.N Leonova N Hashimoto Genetic diversities of hantaviruses among rodents in Hokkaido, Japan and Far East Russia Virus Res. 59 1999 219 228
52. A.S Khan C.F Spiropoulou S Morzunov S.R Zaki M.A Kohn S.R Nawas L McFarland S.T Nichol Fatal illness associated with a new hantavirus in Louisiana J. Med. Virol. 46 1995 281 286
53. A.S Khan T.G Ksiazek C.J Peters Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Lancet 347 1996 739 741
54. A.S Khan M Gaviria P.E Rollin W.G Hlady T.G Ksiazek L.R Armstrong R Greenman E Ravkov M Kolber H Anapol E.D Sfakianaki S.T Nichol C.J Peters R.F Khabbaz Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Florida: association with the newly identified Black Creek Canal virus Am. J. Med. 100 1996 46 48
55. P.T Kitsutani R.W Denton C.L Fritz R.A Murray R.L Todd W.J Pape J.W Frampton J.C Young A.S Khan C.J Peters T.G Ksiazek Acute Sin Nombre hantavirus infection without pulmonary syndrome, United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. 5 1999 701 705
56. S.K Kukkonen A Vaheri A Plyusnin Completion of the Tula hantavirus genome sequence: properties of the L segment and heterogeneity found in the 3′ termini of S and L genome RNAs J. Gen. Virol. 79 1998 2615 2622
57. P Kulzer R.M Schafer A Heidland Hantavirus-Infektionen 1993: Endemie oder unerkannte Pandemie? Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr 118 1993 1546
58. M Linderholm A Billströ B Settergren A Tärnvik Pulmonary involvement in nephropathia epidemica as demonstrated by computed tomography Infection 20 1992 263 266
59. G Lloyd E.T Bowen N Jones A Pendry HFRS outbreak associated with laboratory rats in UK Lancet 1 8387 1984 1175 1176
60. Å Lundkvist B Niklasson Bank vole monoclonal antibodies against Puumala virus envelope glycoproteins: identification of epitopes involved in neutralization Arch. Virol. 26 1992 93 105
61. Å Lundkvist J Hörling B Niklasson The humoral response to Puumala virus infection (nephropathia epidemica) investigated by viral protein specific immunoassays Arch. Virol. 130 1993 121 130
62. Å Lundkvist S Björsten B Niklasson Immunoglobulin G subclass responses against the structural components of Puumala virus J. Clin. Microbiol. 31 1993 368 372
63. Å Lundkvist S Björsten B Niklasson N Ahlborg Mapping of B-cell determinants in the nucleocapsid protein of Puumala virus; definition of epitopes specific for acute IgG recognition in humans Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 2 1995 82 86
64. Å Lundkvist H Kallio-Kokko K.B Brus Sjolander H Lankinen B Niklasson A Vaheri O Vapalahti Characterization of Puumala virus nucleocapsid protein: identification of B-cell epitopes and domains involved in protective immunity Virology 216 1996 397 406
65. Å Lundkvist M Hukic J Hörling M Gilljam S Nichol B Niklasson Puumala and Dobrava viruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Bosnia-Herzegovina: evidence of highly cross-neutralizing antibody responses in early patient sera J. Med. Virol. 53 1997 51 59
66. Å Lundkvist N Apekina Y Myasnikov O Vapalahti A Vaheri A Plyusnin Dobrava hantavirus outbreak in Russia Lancet 350 1997 781 782
67. Å Lundkvist Y Cheng K.B Brus Sjolander B Niklasson A Vaheri A Plyusnin Cell culture adaptation of Puumala hantavirus changes the infectivity for its natural reservoir, Clethrionomys glareolus , and leads to accumulation of mutants with altered genomic RNA S segment J. Virol. 71 1997 9515 9523
68. Å Lundkvist V Vasilenko I Golovljova A Plyusnin A Vaheri Human Dobrava hantavirus infections in Estonia Lancet 352 1998 369
69. Å Lundkvist D Wiger J Hörling K Brus Sjolander A Plyusnina R Mehl A Vaheri A Plyusnin Isolation and characterization of Puumala hantavirus from Norway: evidence for a distinct phylogenetic sublineage J. Gen. Virol. 78 1998 2603 2614
70. Å Lundkvist O Vapalahti H Henttonen A Vaheri A Plyusnin Hantavirus infections among European mammologists studied by focus reduction neutralisation test Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 19 2000 802 803
71. H Meisel Å Lundkvist K Gantzer W Bär C Sibold D.H Krüger First clinical case of infection by Dobrava hantavirus in Germany Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 17 1998 884 885
72. G.J Mertz B.L Hjelle R.T Braan Hantavirus infection Adv. Intern. Med. 42 1997 369 421
73. A.J Mitchell-Jones G Amori W Bogdanowicz B Krystufek P.J.H Reijnders F Spitzenberger M Stubbe J.B.M Thissen V Vohralik J Zima The Atlas of European Mammals 1999 T & AD Poyser Natural History London
74. S Morzunov J Rowe T Ksiazek C.J Peters S St. Jeor S Nichol Genetic analysis of the diversity and origin of hantaviruses in Peromyscus leucopus mice in North America J. Virol. 72 1998 57 64
75. K Nemirov O Vapalahti Å Lundkvist V Vasilenko I Golovjova A Plyusnina J Niemiaa J Laakkonen H Henttonen A Vaheri A Plyusnin Isolation and characterization of Dobrava hantavirus carried by the striped field mouse ( Apodemus agrarius ) in Estonia J. Gen. Virol. 80 1999 371 379
76. S.T Nichol T.G Ksiazek P.E Rollin C.J Peters Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and newly described hantaviruses in the United States R.M Elliott The Bunyaviridae 1996 Plenum Press New York 269 280
77. B Niklasson J.W LeDuc Epidemiology of nephropathia epidemics in Sweden J. Infect. Dis. 155 1987 269 276
78. A Papa A Johnson P Stockton Retrospective serological and genetic study of the distribution of hantaviruses in Greece J. Med. Virol. 55 1998 321 327
79. H Piiparinen O Vapalahti A Plyusnin A Vaheri H Lankinen Sequence analysis of the Puumala hantavirus Sotkamo strain L segment Virus Res. 51 1997 1 7
80. J Pilaski H Feldmann S Morzunov P.E Rollin S.L Ruo B Lauer C.J Peters S.T Nichol Genetic identification of a new Puumala virus strain causing severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Germany J. Infect. Dis. 170 1994 1456 1462
81. A Plyusnin O Vapalahti K Ulfves H Lehväslaiho N Apekina I Gavrilovskaya V Blinov A Vaheri Sequences of wild Puumala virus genes show a correlation of genetic variation with geographic origin of the strains J. Gen. Virol. 75 1994 405 409
82. A Plyusnin O Vapalahti H Lankinen H Lehväslaiho N Apekina Y Myasnikov H Kallio-Kokko H Henttonen Å Lundkvist M Brummer-Korvenkontio I Gavrilovskaya A Vaheri Tula virus: a new hantavirus carried by European common voles ( Microtus arvalis and Microtus rossiaemeridionalis ) J. Virol. 68 1994 7833 7839
83. A Plyusnin Y Cheng O Vapalahti M Pejcoch J Unar Z Jelinkova H Lehväslaiho Å Lundkvist A Vaheri Genetic variation in Tula hantaviruses: sequence analysis of the S and M segments of strains from Central Europe Virus Res. 39 1995 237 250
84. A Plyusnin O Vapalahti A Vaheri Hantaviruses: genome structure, expression and evolution J. Gen. Viral. 77 1996 2677 2687
85. A Plyusnin O Vapalahti Å Lundkvist H Henttonen A Vaheri Newly recognized hantavirus in Siberian lemmings Lancet 347 1996 1835 1836
86. A Plyusnin J Hörling M Kanerva J Mustonen Y Cheng J Partanen O Vapalahti S.K.J Kukkonen J Niemimaa H Henttonen B Niklasson Å Lundkvist A Vaheri Puumala hantavirus genome in patients with nephropathia epidemics: correlation of PCR positivity with HLA haplotype and link to viral sequences in local rodents J. Clin. Microbial. 35 1997 1090 1096
87. A Plyusnin O Vapalahti V Vasilenko H Henttonen A Vaheri Dobrava hantavirus in Estonia: does the virus exist throughout Europe? Lancet 349 1997 1369 1370
88. A Plyusnin K Nemirov N Apekina A Plyusnina Å Lundkvist A Vaheri Dobrava hantavirus in Russia Lancet 353 1999 207
89. A Plyusnin J Mustonen K Asikainen A Plyusnina J Niemimaa H Henttonen A Vaheri Analysis of Puumala hantavirus genome in patients with nephropathia epidemica and rodent carriers from the sites of infection J. Med. Virol. 59 1999 397 405
90. A Plyusnin S Morzunov Virus evolution and genetic diversity of Hantaviruses and their rodent hosts (Review) C.S Schmaljohn S Nichol Current Topics Microbial. Immunol., vol. 256, Hantaviruses 2001 Springer Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo
91. A Reip B Haring C Sibold R Stohwasser E.K.F Bautz G Darai H Meisel D.H Kruuger Coding strategy of the S and M genomic segments of a hantavirus representing a new subtype of the Puumala serotype Arch. Virol. 140 1995 2011 2026
92. P.E Rollin T.G Ksiazek L.H Elliott E.V Ravkov M.L Martin S Morzunov W Livingstone M Monroe G Glass S Ruo Isolation of Black Creek Canal virus, a new hantavirus from Sigmodon hispidus in Florida J. Med. Virol. 46 1995 35 39
93. C.S Schmaljohn S.E Hasty J.M Dalrymple J.W LeDuc H.W Lee C.-H von Bonsdorff M Brummer-Korvenkontio A Vaheri T.F Tsai H.L Regnery D Goldgaber P.W Lee Antigenic and genetic properties of viruses linked to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome Science 227 1985 1041 1044
94. C.S Schmaljohn Y.K Chu A.L Schmaljohn J.M Dalrymple Antigenic subunits of Hantaan virus expressed by baculovirus and vaccinia virus recombinants J. Virol. 64 1990 3162 3170
95. B Settergren P Juto B Trollfors G Wadell S.R Norrby Clinical characteristics of nephropathia epidemica in Sweden: prospective study of 74 cases Rev. Infect. Dis. 11 1989 921 927
96. B Settergren C Ahlm P Juto B Niklasson Specific Puumala virus IgG half a century after haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome Lancet 338 1991 66
97. C Sibold S Sparr A Schulz M Labuda O Kozuch J Lysy D.H Krüger H Meisel Genetic characterization of a new hantavirus detected in Microtus arualis from Slovakia Virus Genes 10 1995 277 281
98. C Sibold H Meisel D.H Krüger M Labuda J Lysy O Kozuch M Pejcoch A Vaheri A Plyusnin Recombination in Tula hantavirus evolution: analysis of genetic lineages from Slovakia J. Virol. 73 1999 667 675
99. C Sibold H Meisel Å Lundkvist A Schulz F Cifire R Ulrich O Kozuch M Labuda D.H Krüger Simultaneous occurrence of Dobrava, Puumala and Tula hantaviruses in Slovakia, Central Europe Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61 1999 409 411
100. R Stohwasser L.B Giebel L Zàller E.K.F Bautz G Darai Molecular characterization of the RNA S segment of nephropathia epidemica virus strain Häll-näs B1 Virology 174 1990 79 86
101. H Tegelström P.-I Wyöni H Gelter M Jaarola Concordant divergence in protwins and mitochondrial DNA between two vole species in the genus Clethrionomys Biochem. Genet. 26 1988 223 237
102. R Ulrich Å Lundkvist H Meisel D Koletzki K Brus Sjölander H.R Gelderblom G Borisova P Schnitzler G Darai D.H Krüger Chimeric HBV core particles carrying a defined segment of Puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein evoke protective immunity in an animal model Vaccine 16 1998 272 280
103. H.L Van Epps C.S Schmaljohn F.A Ennis Human memory cytotoxic Tlymphocyte (CTL) responses to Hantaan virus infection: identification of virus-specific and cross-reactive CD8(+) CTL epitopes on nucleocapsid protein J. Virol. 73 1999 5301 5308
104. K Vapalahti M Paunio M Brummer-Korvenkontio A Vaheri O Vapalahti Puumala virus infections in Finland: increased occupational risk for farmers Am. J. Epidemiol. 149 1999 1142 1151
105. O Vapalahti H Kallio-Kokko E.M Salonen M Brummer-Korvenkontio A Vaheri Cloning and sequencing of Puumala virus Sotkamo strain S and M RNA segments: evidence for strain variation in hantaviruses and expression of the nucleocapsid protein J. Gen. Virol. 73 1992 829 838
106. O Vapalahti H Kallio-Kokko A Närvänen I Julkunen Å Lundkvist A Plyusnin H Lehväslaiho M Brummer-Korvenkontio A Vaheri H Lankinen Human B-cell epitopes of Puumala virus nucleocapsid protein, the major antigen in early serological response J. Med. Virol. 46 1995 293 303
107. O Vapalahti A Plyusnin A Vaheri H Henttonen Hantavirus antibodies in European mammalogists Lancet 345 1995 1569
108. O Vapalahti Å Lundkvist H Kallio-Kokko K Paukku I Julkunen H Lankinen A Vaheri Antigenic properties and diagnostic potential of Puumala virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in insect cells J. Clin. Microbiol. 34 1996 119 125
109. O Vapalahti Å Lundkvist S.K.J Kukkonen Y Cheng M Gilljam M Kanerva T Manni M Pejcoch J Niemimaa A Kaikusalo H Henttonen A Vaheri A Plyusnin Isolation and characterization of Tula virus, a distinct serotype in the genus Hantavirus , family Bunyaviridae J. Gen. Virol. 77 1996 3063 3067
110. O Vapalahti Å Lundkvist V Fedorov C.J Conroy S Hirvonen A Plyusnina K Nemirov K Fredga J.A Cook J Niemimaa A Kaikusalo H Henttonen A Vaheri A Plyusnin Isolation and characterization of a hantavirus from Lemmus sibiricus : evidence for host switch during hantavirus evolution J. Virol. 73 1999 5586 5592
111. O Vapalahti Å Lundkvist A Vaheri Human immune response, host genetics, and severity of disease C Schmaljohn S.N Nichol Curr. Topics Microbiol Immunol. Hantaviruses 256 2001 153 196
112. S.Y Xiao K.W Spik D Li C.S Schmaljohn Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the M and S genome segments of two Puumala virus isolates from Russia Virus Res. 30 1993 97 103
113. K Yoshimatsu Y.C Yoo R Yoshida C Ishihara I Azuma J Arikawa Protective immunity of Hantaan virus nucleocapsid and envelope protein studied using baculovirus expressed proteins Arch. Virol. 130 1993 365 376
114. L Zl̈ler S Yang P Gött E.K.F Bautz G Darai A novel p-capture EIA based on recombinant proteins for sensitive and specific diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome J. Clin. Microbiol. 31 1993 1194 1199
115. L Zöller S Yang P Gött E.K.F Bautz G Darai Use of recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of the Hantaan and nephropathia epidemica serotypes of hantaviruses as immunodiagnostic agents J. Med. Virol. 39 1993 200 207
116. L Zöller M Faulde H Meisel B Ruh P Kimmig U Schelling M Zeier P Kulzer C Becker M Roggendorf E.K.F Bautz D.H Krüger G Darai Seroprevalence of hantavirus antibodies in Germany as determined by a new recombinant enzyme immunoassay Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 14 1995 305 313
117. X.K Zhang I Takashima N Hashimoto Characteristics of passive immunity against hantavirus infection in rats Arch. Viral. 105 1989 235 246