Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission

HIV Medicine

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 314-334

  Lyall, E G H ^a   Blott, M ^b   De Ruiter, A ^c   Hawkins, D ^d   Mercy, D ^e   Mitchla, Z ^f   Newell, M L ^g   O'Shea, S ^c   Smith, J R ^d   Sunderland, J ^h   Webb, R ^a   Taylor, G P ^a  

^a ST MARY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c GUY'S AND ST THOMAS' NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^d CHELSEA AND WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^f ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^g UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^h NEWHAM UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; VIRUS RNA; ZIDOVUDINE;

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; ASSAY; BREAST FEEDING; CESAREAN SECTION; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELIVERY; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FEMALE; FETOTOXICITY; GENITAL SYSTEM; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IATROGENIC DISEASE; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MATERNAL WELFARE; MEMBRANE RUPTURE; MOTHER; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANCY; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; VIRUS DETECTION; VIRUS LOAD;

ADULT; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; BREAST FEEDING; DELIVERY, OBSTETRIC; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES; FEMALE; FETUS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFANT FOOD; INFANT, NEWBORN; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS; PRENATAL CARE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RESEARCH DESIGN; RISK FACTORS; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 0035194795     PISSN: 14642662     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-2662.2001.00082.x     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. Acute pain management: Operative or medical procedures and trauma
2. British HIV Association Guidelines for antiretroviral treatment of HIV seropositive individuals
3. British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy
4. Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by pregnant women with RNA virus loads <1000 copies/ml
5. Maternal viral load and vertical transmission of HIV-1: An important factor but not the only one
6. Risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1
7. Estimates of the risk of HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding
8. Mode of delivery and vertical transmission of HIV-1: A meta-analysis from fifteen prospective cohort studies
9. Elective caesarian-section versus vaginal delivery in prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission: A randomised clinical trial
10. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment
11. Man-to-woman sexual transmission of HIV: Longitudinal study of 343 steady partners of infected men
12. Probabilities of sexual HIV transmission
13. Natural conception in HIV-negative women with HIV-infected partners
14. Insemination of HIV-negative women with processed semen of HIV-positive partners
15. HIV prevention. Assisted reproduction in HIV-discordant couples
16. Pregnancy following intracytoplasmic sperm injection from an HIV-1-seropositive man
17. Infertility management in HIV positive couples: A dilemma
18. HIV and infertility: Time to treat
19. Demographic, clinical and social factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases in a cohort of women from the United Kingdom and Ireland
20. The pregnancy and HIV (EGE) Group. Should screening of genital infections be part of antenatal care in areas of high HIV prevalence? A prospective cohort study from Kigali, Rwanda, 1992-93
21. A case-control study of chorioamnionic infection and histologic chorioamnionitis in prematurity
22. Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery
23. Obstetrical factors and the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to child
24. Vertical transmission of HIV-1: Maternal immune status and obstetric factors
25. The Ariel Project. A prospective cohort study of maternal-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the era of maternal antiretroviral therapy
26. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant
27. Activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by Gardnerella vaginalis
28. Induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis
29. Genital tract infections and perinatal transmission of HIV
30. Female to male transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Risk factors for seroconversion in men
31. The causal role for genital ulcer disease as a risk factor for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. An application of the Bradford Hill criteria
32. The associations between cervicovaginal HIV shedding, sexually transmitted diseases and immunosuppression in female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
33. Correlation between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in the female genital tract and immune activation associated with ulceration of the cervix
34. Treatment of cervicitis is associated with decreased cervical shedding of HIV-1
35. Short-course antenatal zidovudine reduces both cervicovaginal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels and risk of perinatal transmission
36. Correlation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in blood and female genital tract
37. UK National Guidelines on sexually transmitted infections and closely related conditions
38. Determinations of levels of human immunodeficiency virus type I RNA in plasma; reassessment of parameters affecting assay outcome
39. Comparison of the Quantiplex. Version 3.0 assay and a sensitised Amplicor Monitor assay for measurement of human immunodeficiency virus type I RNA levels in plasma samples
40. National surveillance of HIV-1 subtypes for England and Wales: Design, methods and initial findings
41. Comparative evaluation of three assays for the quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type I in plasma
42. Impact of HIV-1 subtype variation on viral RNA quantitation
43. HIV-1 subtypes and plasma RNA quantification
44. Rapid decline in detectability of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations after stopping therapy
45. Transmission of antiretroviral-resistant HIV-1 variants
46. Reduced antiretroviral drug susceptibility among patients with primary HIV infection
47. HIV-1 drug resistance in newly infected individuals
48. Detection of drug resistance associated mutations in HIV primary infection within the UK
49. High prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistant HIV-1 strains among patients receiving ARV in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
50. Clinical and laboratory guidelines for the use of HIV-1 drug resistance testing as part of treatment management: Recommendations for the European setting
51. A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type I
52. Short-course zidovudine for perinatal HIV-1 transmission in Bangkok, Thailand: A randomised controlled trial
53. After AIDS Clinical Trial 076: The changing pattern of zidovudine use during pregnancy, and subsequent reduction in the vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in a cohort of infected women and their infants
54. Acceptability and impact of zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transmission in France
55. Therapeutic and other interventions to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Europe
56. Abbreviated regimens of zidovudine prophylaxis and perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus
57. Short-course oral zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: A randomised trial
58. 15-month efficacy of maternal oral zidovudine to decrease vertical transmission of HIV-1 in breastfed African children
59. Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant
60. Maternal viral genotypic zidovudine resistance and infrequent failure of zidovudine therapy to prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076
61. Rapid development of genotypic resistance to lamivudine when combined with zidovudine in pregnancy
62. Antiretroviral resistance mutations among pregnant HIV-infected women and their newborns in the US. Vertical transmission and clades
63. Clinical course of HIV infection and surveillance for zidovudine resistance among HIV-infected women receiving short-course zidovudine therapy in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
64. Codon 215 mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women. Swiss Collaborative 'HIV and Pregnancy' Study
65. HIV-1 genotypic zidovudine drug resistance and the risk of maternal-infant transmission in the Women and Infants Transmission Study
66. Preliminary efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of short-course regimens of nucleoside analogs for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
67. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of ritonavir in the prevention of vertical transmission
68. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial
69. The one year safety and efficacy data of the HIVNET 012 trial
70. High-dose nevirapine. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral effect in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
71. R) in Ugandan women and infants receiving NVP prophylaxis to prevent vertical transmission (HIVNET-012)
72. The SAINT Trial: Nevirapine (NVP) versus zidovudine (ZDV) + lamivudine (3TC) in prevention of peripartum HIV transmission
73. Lamivudine-Zidovudine combination for prevention of maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1
74. The PETRA study early and late efficacy of three short ZDV/3TCcombination regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1
75. Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy on reducing perinatal transmission of HIV
76. Multicentre review of protease inhibitors in 89 pregnancies
77. Antiretroviral therapies in pregnancy: Maternal, foetal and neonatal effects
78. Combination antiretroviral therapy and duration of pregnancy
79. Antepartum antiretroviral therapy and pregnancy outcomes in 462 HIV-1 infected women in 1998-99
80. Report of results of PACTG 316: An international Phase III trial of Standard Antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis plus nevirapine (NVP) for prevention of perinatal HIV transmission
81. Genotypic Resistance analysis in women participating in PACTG 316 with HIV RNA > 400 copies/ml
82. Antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy. A focus on safety
83. Mitochondrial toxicity induced by nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of antiretroviral therapy related lipodystrophy
84. New-onset diabetes mellitus associated with use of protease inhibitor
85. Reports of diabetes and hyperglycemia in patients receiving protease inhibitors for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
86. Severe diabetes associated with protease inhibitor therapy
87. Association of diabetes and protease inhibitor use in a large natural history cohort of HIV+ women
88. Safety and tolerance of ritonavir in combination with lamivudine and zidovudine in HIV-1 infected pregnant women and their infants
89. Maternal and Infant Outcomes with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy During Pregnancy
90. Safety and Efficacy of Saquinavir-Sft Gelatin Capsules + Zidovudine + Optional Lamivudine in Pregnancy and Prevention of Vertical HIV Transmission
91. Experience of Nevirapine use in a London cohort of HIV infected pregnant women
92. Is first trimester exposure to antiretroviral therapy and to late antagonists a risk factor for congenital abnormalities?
93. An assessment of the timing of mother-to-child transmission of human immuno-deficiency by polymerase chain reaction
94. Mechanisms and timing of mother to child transmission of HIV-1
95. Proposed definitions for in utero versus intrapartum transmission of HIV-1
96. Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: A meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies
97. The cost-effectiveness of elective caesarean section delivery for HIV-infected women with detectable HIV RNA during pregnancy
98. The incidence of complications after caesarean section in 156 HIV-1 positive women
99. Post caesarean morbidity in HIV-positive women
100. Complications after caesarean section in HIV-1 infected women not taking antiretroviral therapy
101. Neonatal respiratory morbidity and mode of delivery at term: Influence of timing of elective caesaren section
102. Is Zidovudine therapy in pregnant HIV infected women associated with gestational age and birth weight
103. PACTG 353. A Phase I study of safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of combination nelfinavir (NFV), ZDV and 3TC in HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants
104. Pharmacological implications of prolonged in utero exposure to nevirapine
105. Nevirapine: Pharmacokinetic considerations in children and pregnant women
106. Safety and pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir when administered with stavudine and didanosine in HIV-1 exposed newborn infants
107. Lack of tumors in infants with perinatal HIV-1 exposure and fetal/neonatal exposure to zidovudine
108. Lack of long-term effects of in utero exposure to zidovudine among uninfected children born to HIV-infected women
109. Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and perinatal exposure to antiretroviral nucleoside analogues
110. Mitochondrial and mitochondrial-like symptoms in children born to HIV-infected mothers. Exhaustive evaluation in a large prospective cohort
111. Lack of evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the offspring of HIV-infected women: Retrospective review of perinatal exposure to anti-retroviral drugs in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study
112. Absence of cardiac toxicity of zidovudine in infants
113. Severe transient neonatal lactic acidosis during prophylactic zidovudine treatment
114. Lacticacidiosis and hypoglycaemia in three neonates exposed to antiretrovirals in utero
115. Is lactic acid a predictor of mitochondrial dysfunction in ARV-exposed noninfected infants
116. Initial multicenter experience with double nucleoside therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection during pregnancy
117. Combined antiretroviral treatment, but not zidovudine monotherapy, in gestation may damage biliary epithelium in infants
118. A meta-analytic evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of HIV infection in infants
119. Early diagnosis of HIV-1 status in neonates
120. A significant number of uninfected infants can be HIV RNA (false) positive
121. Misdiagnosis of HIV infection by HIV-1 plasma viral load testing: A case series
122. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cytomegalovirus infection in children with vertically acquired HIV infection
123. Effect of breast-feeding and formula feeding on transmission of HIV-1: A randomised clinical trial
124. Method of feeding and transmission of HIV-1 from mothers to children by 15 months of age: Prospective cohort study from Durban, South Africa
125. AIDS and HIV infection in the United Kingdom: Monthly report
126. HIV-2 infected patients survive longer than HIV-1 infected patients
127. Low peripheral blood viral HIV-2 RNA in individuals with high CD4 percentage differentiates HIV-2 from HIV-1 infection
128. A prospective study of vertical transmission of HIV-2 in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
129. Lack of evidence of vertical transmission of HIV-2 in a sample of the general population in Bissau
130. HIV-2 in pregnancy: To treat or not to treat?
131. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-2 infected patients