Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: Mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, monitoring, efficacy, and safety

Chest

Volumn 119, Issue 1 SUPPL., 2001, Pages 64S-94S

  Hirsh, J ^a   Warkentin, T E ^a   Shaughnessy, S G ^a   Anand, S S ^a   Halperin, J L ^a   Raschke, R ^a   Granger, C ^a   Ohman, E M ^a   Dalen, J E ^a  

^a HAMILTON HEALTH SCIENCES   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARDEPARIN; ARGATROBAN; DALTEPARIN; DANAPAROID; ENOXAPARIN; HEPARIN; LEPIRUDIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; NADROPARIN; PROTAMINE; REVIPARIN; TINZAPARIN; WARFARIN;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DILATATION; CORONARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG COST; DRUG DISPOSITION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; GANGRENE; HUMAN; KIDNEY FAILURE; LUNG EMBOLISM; OBESITY; ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY; PATIENT MONITORING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THROMBOEMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS; VEIN THROMBOSIS;

EID: 0035125405     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.119.1_suppl.64S     Document Type: Conference Paper

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253. Prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after knee arthroplasty: A randomized double-blind trial comparing enoxaparin with warfarin sodium
254. Prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after knee arthroplasty: A randomized, double-blind trial, comparing enoxaparin to warfarin sodium
255. Subcutaneous low-molecular weight heparin or oral anticoagulants for the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis in elective hip and knee replacement?
256. Low molecular weight heparinoid orgaran is more effective than aspirin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after surgery for hip fracture
257. A comparison of low-dose heparin with low-molecular-weight heparin as prophylaxes against venous thromboembolism after major trauma
258. Enoxaparin plus compression after elective neurosurgery
259. Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis with a low molecular weight heparin (Kabi 2165) in stroke patients
260. A double-blind randomized trial of ORG 10172 low molecular weight heparinoid in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in thrombotic stroke
261. Prevention of thromboembolism after spinal cord injury using low molecular weight heparin
262. A low molecular weight heparinoid compared with unfractionated heparin in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke
263. Low-molecular-weight heparins: Treatment of venous thromboembolism
264. Platelet-active drugs: The relationships among dose, effectiveness, and side effects
265. Randomized trial of low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) versus unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease: One year results of the ESSENCE study
266. Long-term low-molecular-mass heparin in unstable coronary-artery disease: FRISC II prospective randomised multicentre study: Fragmin and fast revascularisation during instability in coronary artery disease
267. Randomized trial of low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin) in prevention of left ventricular thrombus formation and arterial embolism after acute anterior myocardial infarction: The Fragmin in Acute Myocardial Infarction (FRAMI) Study
268. Reduction of reinfarction and angina with use of low-molecular-weight heparin therapy after streptokinase (and heparin) in acute myocardial infarction
269. Inhibition of cellular proliferation after experimental balloon angioplasty by low-molecular-weight heparin
270. Low-molecular-weight heparin reduces neointimal proliferation after coronary stent implantaton in hypercholesterolemic minipigs
271. Low molecular weight heparin in prevention of restenosis after angioplasty
272. Fish oils and low-molecular-weight heparin for the reduction of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
273. Protamine sulfate antiheparin agents 20:12.08
274. Protamine: A review of its toxicity
275. Protamine sulfate and fish allergy
276. Increased risk of severe protamine reactions in NPH insulin-dependent diabetics undergoing cardiac catheterization
277. Recent experiences with hexadimethrine for neutralizing heparin after cardiopulmonary bypass
278. Heparin neutralization with methylene blue, hexadimethrine, or vancomycin after cardiopulmonary bypass
279. In vitro reversal of heparin effect with heparinase: Evaluation with whole blood prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in cardiac surgical patients
280. Reversal of heparin anticoagulation by recombinant platelet factor 4 in humans
281. Restoration of the normal coagulation process: Advances in therapies to antagonize heparin
282. The use of a heparin removal device: A valid alternative to protamine
283. Extracorporeal heparin adsorption following cardiopulmonary bypass with a heparin removal device: An alternative to protamine
284. A novel protamine variant reversal of heparin anticoagulation in human blood in vitro
285. Biochemical and pharmacologic studies on the protamine interactions with heparin: Its fractions and fragments
286. Protamine reversal of anticoagulation achieved with a low molecular weight heparin: The effects on eicosanoids, clotting and complement factors
287. Partial reversal of low molecular weight heparin (PK 10169) anti-Xa activity by protamine sulfate: In vitro and in vivo study during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation
288. Comparative effects of heparin and LMW heparin on hemostasis
289. Studies on the neutralizing effects of protamine on unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin) at the site of activation of the coagulation system in man
290. Does protamine chloride neutralize low molecular weight heparin sufficiently?
291. Study on neutralization of low molecular weight heparin by protamine sulfate and its neutralization characteristics
292. Inhibition of low molecular weight heparin by protamine chloride in vivo
293. Low molecular weight heparin induced bleeding can be neutralized by protamine
294. Neutralization of enoxaparine-induced bleeding by protamine sulfate
295. In vivo neutralization of low-molecular weight heparin fraction CY 216 by protamine
296. Effective and less toxic reversal of low-molecular weight heparin anticoagulation by a designer variant of protamine
297. Low molecular weight protamine: A potential nontoxic heparin antagonist
298. Comparison of the hemodynamic and hematologic toxicity of a protamine variant after reversal of low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation in a canine model
299. A [+18RGD] protamine variant for nontoxic and effective reversal of conventional heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation
300. Structural features and bleeding activity of commercial low molecular weight heparins: Neutralization by ATP and protamine
301. Development of heparin antagonists with focused biological activity
302. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Towards consensus
303. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A clinicopathologic syndrome
304. Formation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia IgG without thrombocytopenia: Analysis of a clinical trial
305. Heparin-induced skin lesions
306. Platelet factor 4 complexed to heparin is the target for antibodies generated in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
307. Heparin-dependent antigens in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
308. Molecular immunopathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
309. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia in a patient treated with polysulphated chondroitin sulphate: Evidence for immunological crossreactivity between heparin and polysulphated glycosaminoglycan
310. Pentosan polysulfate-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis
311. Diagnostic testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT): An enhanced platelet factor 4 complex enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (PF ELISA)
312. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in orthopedic patients: A prospective cohort trial comparing UFH and LMWH
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315. Synthesis of thrombin-inhibiting heparin mimetics without side effects
316. Thrombocytopenia due to platelet destruction and hypersplenism
317. Plasma P-selectin is increased in thrombotic consumptive platelet disorders
318. Sera from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia generate platelet-derived microparticles with procoagulant activity: An explanation for the thrombotic complications of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
319. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Laboratory studies
320. The pathogenesis of venous limb gangrene associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
321. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thromboembolic complications: Meta-analysis of two prospective trials to assess the value of parenteral treatment with lepirudin and its therapeutic aPTT range
322. Generation of platelet-derived microparticles and procoagulant activity by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia IgG/serum and other IgG platelet agonists: A comparison with standard platelet agonists
323. Clinical picture of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
324. Multicentric warfarin-induced skin necrosis complicating heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
325. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: IgG-mediated platelet activation, platelet microparticle generation, and altered procoagulant/anticoagulant balance in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and venous limb gangrene complicating heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
326. Venous limb gangrene (VLG) complicating warfarin treatment of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in metastatic carcinoma
327. The impact of the patient population on the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
328. Frequency of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
329. Laboratory testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
330. Assays for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
331. Determinants of donor platelet variability when testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
332. Laboratory diagnosis of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and comparison of platelet aggregation test, heparin-induced platelet activation test, and platelet factor 4/heparin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
333. First workshop for detection of heparin-induced antibodies: Validation of the heparin-induced platelet-activation test (HIPA) in comparison with a PF4/heparin ELISA
334. A 14-year study of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
335. Low molecular weight heparinoid and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
336. Danaparoid for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
337. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: IgG binding to PF4-heparin complexes in the fluid phase and cross-reactivity with low molecular weight heparin and heparinoid
338. Danaparoid (Orgaran®) for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and thrombosis: Effects on in vivo thrombin and cross-linked fibrin generation, and evaluation of the clinical significance of in vitro cross-reactivity (XR) of danaparoid for HIT-IgG
339. Recombinant hirudin for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
340. Recombinant hirudin (lepirudin) provides safe and effective anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A prospective study
341. Lepirudin (recombinant hirudin) for parenteral anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
342. Generation of anti-hirudin antibodies in heparin-induced thrombocytopenic patients treated with r-hirudin
343. Preliminary results of a prospective randomized controlled trial of argatroban versus conventional therapy for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
344. Limitations of conventional treatment options for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
345. Thrombocytopenia, cutaneous necrosis, and gangrene of the upper and lower extremities in a 35-year-old man
346. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
347. Venous gangrene associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
348. Safety of warfarin anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
349. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: Antibody is not heparin-specific
350. The use of low-molecular-weight heparins in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT): A cohort study
351. The appropriate use of platelets: An update from the Edinburgh Consensus Conference
352. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
353. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Association with a platelet aggregating factor and arterial thromboses
354. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and antithrombotic therapy
355. Failure of early heparin cessation as treatment for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
356. Lower limb veins should be systematically explored in patients with isolated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
357. Heparin osteoporosis
358. Multiple fractures associated with long term sodium heparin therapy
359. Osteoporosis resulting from heparin therapy
360. Heparin induced osteoporosis: An appraisal
361. Heparin-induced spinal fractures
362. Risk of osteoporosis in patients treated with long-term intravenous heparin
363. Heparins, coumarin, and bone density
364. Heparin therapy and bone fractures
365. Osteoporotic fractures and the recurrence of thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperium in 184 women undergoing thromboprophylaxis with heparin
366. A prospective study of heparin-induced osteoporosis in pregnancy using bone densitometry
367. Bone mineral density during long-term prophylaxis with heparin in pregnancy
368. Comparison of subcutaneous unfractionated heparin with a low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin) in patients with venous thromboembolism and contraindications to coumarin
369. Histomorphometric analysis of the effects of standard heparin on trabecular bone in vivo
370. A histomorphometric evaluation of heparin-induced bone loss after discontinuation of heparin treatment in rats
371. A histomorphometric comparison of the effects of heparin and low molecular-weight heparin on cancellous bone in rats
372. The effect of heparin and low molecular weight heparin on osteoblastogenesis in vitro