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standard - 1] × 1000. Results were calibrated to PeeDee belemnite by reference to an in-house Carrara Marble standard.
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2 and acetone. Samples were then reacted at 90°C in a common phosphoric acid bath carbonate preparation system coupled to a PRISM mass spectrometer in the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford. The average time between the reaction of samples was about 30 min, which is sufficient to completely react all carbonate phases. Analytical precision better than 0.1‰ for both carbon and oxygen isotopes was maintained throughout all analyses.
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0345190579
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note
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13C trend that persists well into the Early Eocene. The onset of the CIE is assigned an age of 55.5 million years ago (20), which coincides precisely with the BEE in both sites. We assumed constant sedimentation rates before, during, and after the CIE.
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15 g
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Shackleton, N.J.1
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44
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0345190570
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note
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We thank J. Cartlidge and S. Wyatt for their expert help in the operation of the mass spectrometers in the Stable Isotope Laboratory at Oxford and O. Green, D. Patrick, W. Hale, M. Bowman, P. Weiss, and J. Firth for assistance. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (U.K.), scholarship number GT4/97/214/ES.
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