HCG production and activity during pregnancy

Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 191-208

  Randeva, H S ^a   Jackson, A ^a   Karteris, E ^a   Hillhouse, E W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN RECEPTOR; FOLLITROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; THYROTROPIN;

ABORTION; ANOVULATION; CHORIOCARCINOMA; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; FEMALE; GONADOTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; GONADOTROPIN RELEASE; HORMONAL REGULATION; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HORMONE STRUCTURE; HUMAN; HYDATIDIFORM MOLE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY TEST; PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW;

EID: 0034865162     PISSN: 09655395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S096553950100033X     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Chorionic gonadotropin secretion by human embryos in vitro
2. Dynamics of human chorionic gonadotropin, prolactin and growth hormone in serum and amniotic fluid throughout normal human pregnancy
3. Isolation, cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin
4. Human chorionic gonadotropn beta-subunit is encoded by at least eight genes arranged in tandem and inverted pairs
5. The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin is encoded by multiple genes
6. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms in epidermal growth factor regulation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) subunits and hCG-receptor gene expression in human choriocarcinoma cells
7. Epidermal growth factor binding to human amnion, chorion, decidua and placenta from mid and term pregnancy: Quantitative light microscopic autoradiographic studies
8. Human chorionic gonadotropin-alpha gene is transcriptionally activated by epidermal growth factor through cAMP response element in trophoblast cells
9. Regulation of the human chorionic gonadotropin α- and β-Subunit Promoters by AP-2
10. AP-2 family members regulate basal and cAMP-induced expression of human chorionic gonadotropin
11. The cDNA for the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin suggests evolution of a gene by readthrough into the 3′-untranslated region
12. Identification of the transcriptionally active genes of the chorionic gonadotropin beta gene cluster in vivo
13. Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin
14. Structure of human chorionic gonadotropin at 2.5A resolution from MAD analysis of the selenomethionyl protein
15. Assignment of disulfide bonds in the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin
16. Assignment of disulfide bonds in the β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin
17. Kinetics of folding and assembly of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells
18. Intracellular folding pathway of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit
19. The biologic action of single-chain choriogonadotropin is not dependent on the individual disulfide bonds of the beta subunit
20. Cystine knot of the gonadotropin alpha subunit is critical for intracellular behavior but not for in vitro biological activity
21. The biological action of schoriogonadotropin is not dependent on the complete native quaternary interactions between the subunits
22. Design of a long-acting follitropin agonist by fusing the C-terminal sequence of the chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit to the follitropin beta subunit
23. The asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit facilitate correct disulfide bond pairing
24. Glycosylation changes in human chorionic gonadotropin and free alpha subunit as gestation progresses
25. Carbohydrate composition if the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and the free alpha molecules produced in pregnancy: Most free alpha and some combined alpha molecules are fucosylated
26. Free alpha molecules from pregnancy stimulate secretion of prolactin from human decidual cells: A novel function for free alpha in pregnancy
27. Localization of the human lutainizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene (LHCGR) to chromosome 2p21
28. Lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptor: An unusual member of the G protein-coupled receptor family
29. The thyrotropin receptor 25 years after its discovery: New insight after its molecular cloning
30. Extracellular domain of lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor expressed in transfected cells binds choriogonadotropin with high affinity
31. Derivation of functional antagonists using N-terminal extracellular domain of gonadotropin and thyrotropin receptors
32. The Structure of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor
33. Expression of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/luteinizing hormone receptors and regulation of the cyclooxygenase-1 gene by exogenous hCG in human fetal membranes
34. Human intermediate trophoblasts express chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor gene
35. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in epidermal growth factor regulation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) subunits and hCG receptor gene expression in human choriocarcinoma cells
36. Novel expression of functional human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor gene in human umbilical cords
37. The expression of human chorionic gonadotropin/human luteinizing hormone receptors in ectopic human endometrial implants
38. Decreased expression of functional human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor gene in human uterine leiomyomas
39. Novel coexpression of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human luteinizing hormone receptors and their ligand hCG in human fallopian tubes
40. Lymphocytes from pregnant women express human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor gene
41. Neurons from fetal rat brains contain functional luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors
42. Human skin contains luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors
43. The presence of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptors in lactating rat mammary glands
44. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels throughout normal pregnancy
45. Placental proteins in late pregnancy: Relation to fetal sex
46. Biologically active chorionic gonadotropin: Synthesis by the human fetus
47. Physiological studies of human chorionicgonadotrophin (hCG), αhCG and βhCG as measured by specific monoclonalimmunoradiometric assays
48. Human placental hormone production is linked to the stage of trophoblast differentiation
49. Regulation of chorionic gonadotropin gene expression
50. Chorionic gonadotropin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in human term placenta
51. Distribution, metabolism and excretion of human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits in man
52. Potential control of fertility in women by immunization with hCG
53. In vitro response to crude and purified hCG in human thyroid membranes
54. Role of hCG in the regulation of the fetal zone of the human fetal adrenal gland
55. Free alpha molecules from pregnancy stimulate secretion of prolactin from human decidual cells: A novel function of free alpha in pregnancy
56. Increased expression of LH/hCG receptors in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in anovulatory women
57. Increased expression of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor gene in human endometrial carcinomas
58. Abnormal maternal serum chorionic gonadotropin level in pregnancies with fetal chromosome abnormalities
59. HCG concentration and receptor gene expression in placental tissue from trisomy 18 and 21
60. Placental proteins as tumour markers
61. Immunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin, its free subunits, and metabolites
62. Early embryonic mortality in women
63. Evaluation of threatened abortion by human chorionic gonadotropin levels and ultrasonography
64. Evaluation of the prognosis of threatened abortion from the peripheral plasma levels of progesterone, estradiol and human chorionic gonadotropin
65. Transvaginal ultrasound scanning in early pregnancy and correlation with human chorionic gonadotropin levels
66. Conservative management of ectopic pregnancy
67. Urinary beta-core fragment as a predictor of abnormal pregnancy at 4-6 weeks gestation
68. Elevated serum nicked and urinary beta-core fragment hCG in preeclamptic pregnancies
69. Midtrimester N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide, free beta hCG, and alpha-fetoprotein in predicting pre-eclampsia
70. Second trimester serum free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin levels as a predictor of pre-eclampsia
71. Midtrimester urine human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit core fragment levels and the subsequent development of pre-eclampsia
72. Correlation of elevated levels of maternal serum beta-hCG in pregnancy induced hypertension and pregnancy outcomes in these patients
73. HCG expression in trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic tumors
74. Prognostic characteristics of the serum radioimmunoassay beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin titer regression curve following molar pregnancy
75. Radioimmunoassay of hCG as an early diagnosis of cerebral metastases in choriocarcinoma patients
76. Phantom hCG and phantom choriocarcinoma
77. Improved methods of screening for Down's syndrome
78. Maternal serum screening for trisomy 18 in the first trimester of pregnancy
79. Prenatal screening in the first trimester of pregnancy
80. Maternal serum levels of free beta-hCG and PAPP-A in the first trimester of pregnancy are not associated with subsequent fetal growth retardation or preterm delivery
81. Screening for Down's syndrome: Changes in marker levels and detection rates between first and second trimesters
82. Screening for Down syndrome during first trimester: A prospective study using free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
83. Free beta-hCG subunit versus intact hCG in Down syndrome screening
84. HCG and the free beta-subunit as screening tests for Down syndrome
85. Second-trimester maternal urinary gonadotrophin peptide screening for fetal Down syndrome in Asian women
86. Screening for Down syndrome using urine hCG free beta-subunit in the second trimester of pregnancy
87. Combining beta-core fragment and total oestriol measurements to test for Down syndrome pregnancies
88. Levels of urinary beta-core fragment, total oestriol, and the ratio of the two in second trimester screening for Down Syndrome
89. New triple screen test for Down syndrome: Combined urine analytes and serum AFP
90. First trimester screening for fetal aneuploidy: Biochemistry and nuchal translucency
91. A new screening protocol combining urine beta-core fragment and ultrasonography for Down syndrome detection
92. Tumour markers in advanced nonseminomatous testicular cancer
93. Tumour markers
94. Combination of ectopic and standard human glycoprotein hormone alpha and beta subunits: Discordance of immunologic and receptor-binding activity
95. Human chorionic gonadotropin-like substances in plasma of normal nonpregnant subjects and women with breast cancer
96. Secretion of chorionic gonadotropin by cultured human pituitary cells