Formation of the central pattern generator for locomotion in the rat and mouse

Brain Research Bulletin

Volumn 53, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 661-669

  Nishimaru, Hiroshi ^a   Kudo, Norio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

Author keywords

Development; Fetus; Motor activity; Rhythm; Spinal cord

Indexed keywords

N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID; SEROTONIN;

ANIMAL TISSUE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMBRYO; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; FETUS; IN VITRO STUDY; LOCOMOTION; MOTONEURON; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOUSE; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW; RHYTHM; SPINAL CORD;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; EMBRYO; LOCOMOTION; LUMBAR VERTEBRAE; MICE; NERVE NET; PERIODICITY; RATS; SPINAL CORD;

EID: 0034668726     PISSN: 03619230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0361-9230(00)00399-3     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Interlimb coordination in 20-day-old rat fetuses
2. Hemisegmental localisation of rhythmic networks in the lumbosacral spinal cord of neonate mouse
3. Spontaneous rhythmic bursts induced by pharmacological block of inhibition in lumbar motoneurons of the neonatal rat spinal cord
4. Localization of rhythmogenic networks responsible for spontaneous bursts induced by strychnine and bicuculline in the rat isolated spinal cord
5. GABAergic control of spinal locomotor networks in the neonatal rat
6. Localization and organization of the central pattern generator for hindlimb locomotion in newborn rat
7. Activation of the central pattern generators for locomotion by serotonin and excitatory amino acids in neonatal rat
8. Gap junctional coupling and patterns of connexin expression among neonatal rat lumbar spinal motor neurons
9. - cotransporter expression in rat neocortex
10. The neuronal correlate of locomotion in fish. 'Fictive swimming' induced in an in vitro preparation of the lamprey spinal cord
11. A comparison of motor patterns induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate, acetylcholine and serotonin in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord
12. Effects of inhibitory amino acid antagonists on reciprocal inhibitory interactions during rhythmic motor activity in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord
13. Regional distribution of the locomotor pattern-generating network in the neonatal rat spinal cord
14. Experimentally derived model for the locomotor pattern generator in the Xenopus embryo
15. AHP in reticularis neurons
16. The capacity for generation of rhythmic oscillations is distributed in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the cat
17. Spontaneous and locomotor-related GABAergic input onto primary afferents in the neonatal rat
18. Development of glycine- and GABA-gated currents in rat spinal motoneurons
19. The roles of glycine and GABA in mediating inhibitory currents change during development of the rat spinal cord
20. On the generation of locomotion in the spinal dogfish
21. Locomotion in vertebrates; Central mechanisms and reflex interaction
22. Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish
23. Neurobiological bases of rhythmic motor acts in vertebrates
24. The neural network underlying locomotion in lamprey
25. On the central generation of locomotion in the low spinal cat
26. Regionalization and intersegmental coordination of rhythm-generating networks in the spinal cord of the chick embryo
27. Development in neonatal rats of the sensory resetting of the locomotor rhythm induced by NMDA and 5-HT
28. Development of the spatial pattern of 5-HT-induced locomotor rhythm in the lumbar spinal cord of rat fetuses in vitro
29. An in vitro functionally mature mouse spinal cord preparation for the study of spinal motor networks
30. Corelease of two fast neurotransmitters at a central synapse
31. Experiments on the central pattern generator for swimming in amphibian embryos
32. Regulation of intracellular chloride by cotransporters in developing lateral superior olive neurons
33. Basic buildings blocks of vertebrate central pattern generators
34. Spatiotemporal characteristics of 5-HT and dopamine-induced rhythmic hindlimb activity in the in vitro neonatal rat
35. Distribution of central pattern generators for rhythmic motor outputs in the spinal cord of limbed vertebrates
36. Effects of noradrenaline on locomotor rhythm-generating networks in the isolated neonatal rat spinal cord
37. Distribution of networks generating and coordinating locomotor activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro; A lesion study
38. Crossed rhythmic synaptic input to motoneurons during selective activation of the contralateral spinal locomotor network
39. Localization of the spinal network associated with generation of hindlimb locomotion in the neonatal rat and organization of its transverse coupling system
40. N-methyl-D,L-asparatate-induced locomotor activity in a spinal cord-hindlimb muscles preparation of the newborn rat studied in vitro
41. Reorganization of locomotor activity during development in the prenatal rat
42. Transient expression of GABA immunoreactivity in the developing rat spinal cord
43. Prenatal administration of para-chlorophenylalanine results in suppression of serotonergic system and disturbance of swimming movements in newborn rats
44. Rostrocaudal progression in the development of periodic spontaneous activity in fetal rat spinal motor circuits in vitro
45. Neuronal mechanisms generating 5-HT-induced rhythmic activity in the fetal rat spinal cord
46. Prenatal development of spontaneous and evoked activity in the rat (Rattus norvegicus albinus)
47. Motor neuron columns in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat
48. Spontaneous motoneuronal activity mediated by glycine and GABA in the spinal cord of rat fetuses in vitro
49. Calcium transients evoked by GABA and glycine in ventral horn neurones of rat fetuses
50. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-induced locomotor rhythm in the neonatal mouse spinal cord in vitro
51. The absence of significant postnatal motoneuron death in the brachial and lumbar spinal cord of the rat
52. Development of locomotor activities induced by NMDA receptor activation in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat fetus studied in vitro
53. Ventrally located commissural neurons express the GABAergic phenotype in developing rat spinal cord
54. Pre- and post-natal ontogeny of serotonergic projections to the rat spinal cord
55. A receptor-mediated responses in spinal neurons
56. - co-transporter KCC2 renders GABA hyperpolarizing during neuronal maturation
57. Development of spinal reflexes in the rat fetus studied in vitro
58. NMDA receptor-mediated oscillatory properties; Potential role in rhythm generation in the mammalian spinal cord
59. Chemical modulation of vertebrate motor circuits
60. Modulation of swimming rhythmicity by 5-hydroxytryptamine during post-embryonic development in Xenopus laevis
61. Development of commissural neurons in the embryonic rat spinal cord
62. In vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparations for study of motor systems for mammalian respiration and locomotion
63. Ionic and pharmacological properties of reciprocal inhibition in Xenopus embryo motoneurones
64. Physiological activities of late-gestation rat fetuses in vitro
65. Coding of locomotor phase in populations of neurons in rostral and caudal segments of the neonatal rat lumbar spinal cord
66. L-dopa-induced air-stepping in developing rats
67. Antidromic discharges of dorsal root afferents in the neonatal rat
68. The development of locomotion in the rat
69. Changes in the electromyogram of two major hindlimb muscles during locomotor development in the rat
70. Early development of glycine- and GABA-mediated synapses in rat spinal cord
71. Changes in serotonin-induced potentials during spinal cord development