Sedation in the intensive care unit: A systematic review

JAMA

Volumn 283, Issue 11, 2000, Pages 1451-1459

  Ostermann, Marlies E ^a   Keenan, Sean P ^a,b,d,e   Seiferling, Roxanne A ^b,c   Sibbald, William J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b Victoria Campus   (Canada)

^c LONDON HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^e ST PAUL S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FENTANYL; ISOFLURANE; KETAMINE; LORAZEPAM; MIDAZOLAM; PROPOFOL;

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; EXTUBATION; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LENGTH OF STAY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEDATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 0034653987     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.283.11.1451     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Mazzeo AJ. Sedation for the mechanically ventilated patient. Crit Care Clin. 1995;11:937-955.
2. Tung A, Rosenthal M. Patients requiring sedation. Crit Care Clin. 1995;11:791-802.
3. Durbin CG Jr. Sedation in the critically ill patient. New Horiz. 1994;2:64-74.
4. Hansen-Flaschen JH, Brazinsky S, Basile C, Lanken PN. Use of sedating drugs and neuromuscular blocking agents in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. JAMA. 1991;266:2870-2875.
5. Reeve WC, Wallace PGM. A survey of sedation in intensive care. Care Critically III. 1991;7:238.
6. Dasta JF, Fuhrman TM, McCandles C. Patterns of prescribing and administering drugs for agitation and pain in patients in a surgical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 1994;22:974-980.
7. Mendel PR, White PF. Sedation of the critically ill patient. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1993;1:185-200.
8. Kress JP, O'Connor MF, Pohlman AS, Hall JB. Sedating critically ill ventilated patients: a pharmacologic primer. J Crit Illness. 1997;12:287-299.
9. Louvelle JM. Sedation in the intensive care unit: an overview. Car J Hosp Pharm. 1995;48:344-347.
10. Reves JC, Greenblatt DJ, Sladen RN. Drug Infusion for Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit. Boston, Mass: Tufts University; 1994.
11. Crippen DW. The role of sedation in the ICU patient with pain and agitation. Crit Care Clin. 1990;6: 369-392.
12. Crippen DW. Pharmacologic treatment of brain failure and delirium. Crit Care Clin. 1994;10:733-766.
13. Wheeler AP. Sedation, analgesia, and paralysis in the intensive care unit. Chest. 1993;104:566-577.
14. Berger I, Waldhorn RE. Analgesia, sedation and paralysis in the intensive care unit. Am Fam Physician. 1995;51:166-172.
15. Stoltzfus DP. Advantages and disadvantages of combining sedative agents. Crit Care Clin. 1995;11: 903-912.
16. Kovarik WD, Goldstein B. Pharmacological approach to sedation of the critically ill patient. Clin Intensive Care. 1996;7:248-257.
17. Shapiro BA, Warren J, Egol AB, et al. Practice parameters for intravenous analgesia and sedation for adult patients in the intensive care unit: an executive summary. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:1596-1600.
18. Rhoney DH, Murry KR. A national survey of the use of sedating and neuromuscular blocking agents in the intensive care unit [abstract]. Crit Care Med. 1998;26:A24.
19. De Jonghe B, Cook D, Appere-De-Vecchi C, et al. Using and understanding sedation scoring systems: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. In press.
20. Grounds RM, Lalor JM, Lumley J, Royston D, Morgan M. Propofol Infusion for sedation in the intensive care unit. BMJ. 1987;294:397-400.
21. McMurray TJ, Collier PS, Carson IW, Lyons SM, Elliott P. Propofol sedation after open heart surgery. Anaesthesia. 1990;45:322-326.
22. Snellen F, Lauwers P, Demeyere R, Byttebier G, Van Aken H. The use of midazolam versus propofol for short-term sedation following coronary artery bypass grafting. Intensive Care Med. 1990;16:312-316.
23. Chaudhri S, Kenny GN. Sedation after cardiac bypass surgery: comparison of propofol and midazolam in the presence of a computerized closed loop arterial pressure controller. Br J Anaesth. 1992;68:98-99.
24. Roekaerts PM, Huygen FJ, de Lange S. Infusion of propofol versus midazolam for sedation in the intensive care unit following coronary artery surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1993;7:142-147.
25. Higgins TL, Yared JP, Estafanous FG, Coyle JP, Ko HK, Goodale DB. Propofol versus midazolam for intensive care unit sedation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Crit Care Med. 1994;22:1415-1423.
26. Wahr JA, Plunkett JJ, Ramsay JG, et al, for the Institutions of the McSPI Research Group. Cardiovascular responses during sedation after coronary revascularization. Anesthesiology. 1996;84:1350-1360.
27. Searle NR, Cote S, Taillefer J, et al. Propofol or midazolam for sedation and early extubation following cardiac surgery. Can J Anaesth. 1997;44:629-635.
28. Carrasco G, Cabre L, Sobrepere G, et al. Synergistic sedation with propofol and midazolam in intensive care patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. Crit Care Med 1998;26:844-851.
29. Aitkenhead AR, Pepperman ML, Willatts SM, et al. Comparison of propofol and midazolam for sedation in critically ill patients. Lancet. 1989;2:704-709.
30. Beyer R, Seyde WC. Propofol versus midazolam: long-term sedation in the intensive care unit [in German]. Anaesthetist. 1992;41:335-341.
31. Boyd O, Mackay CJ, Rushmer F, Bennett ED, Grounds RM. Propofol or midazolam for short-term alterations in sedation. Can J Anaesth. 1993;40: 1142.
32. Carrasco G, Molina R, Costa J, et al. Propofol vs midazolam in short-, medium-, and long-term sedation of critically ill patients. Chest. 1993;103:557-564.
33. Costa J, Cabre L, Molina R, Carrasco G. Cost of ICU sedation. Clin Intensive Care. 1994;5(suppl 5): 17-21.
34. Ronan KP, Gallagher TJ, George B, Hamby B. Comparison of propofol and midazolam for sedation in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 1995;23: 286-293.
35. Kress JP, O'Connor MF, Pohlman AS, et al. Sedation of critically ill patients during mechanical ventilation: a comparison of propofol and midazolam. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;153:1012-1018.
36. Chamorro C DeLatorre FJ, Montero A, et al. Comparative study of propofol versus midazolam in the sedation of critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1996; 24:932-939.
37. Barrientos-Vega R, Mar Sanchez-Soria M, Morales-Garcia C, et al. Prolonged sedation of critically ill patients with midazolam or propofol: impact on weaning and costs. Crit Care Med. 1997;25:33-40.
38. Weinbroum AA, Halpern P, Rudick V, Sorkine P, Freedman M, Geller E. Midazolam versus propofol for long-term sedation in the ICU. Intensive Care Med. 1997;23:1258-1263.
39. Sanchez-Izquierdo JA, Caballero-Cubedo RE, Perez-Vela JL, et al. Propofol versus midazolam: safety and efficacy for sedating severe trauma patients. Anesth Analg. 1998;86:1219-1224.
40. Pohlman AS, Simpson KP, Hall JB. Continuous intravenous infusions of lorazepam versus midazolam for sedation during mechanical ventilatory support. Crit Care Med. 1994;22:1241-1247.
41. Cernaianu AC, DelRossi AJ, Flum DR, et al. Randomized, prospective, multicenter study of hemodynamics, oxygen transport, efficacy, and cost. Crit Care Med. 1996;24:222-228.
42. Kong KL, Willatts SM, Prys-Roberts C. Isoflurane compared with midazolam for sedation in the intensive care unit. BMJ. 1989;298:1277-1280.
43. Spencer EM, Willatts SM. Isoflurane for prolonged sedation in the intensive care unit: efficacy and safety. Intensive Care Med. 1992;18:415-421.
44. Yate PM, Thomas D, Short SM, Sebel PS, Morton J. Comparison of infusions of alfentanil or pethidine for sedation for ventilated patients on the ITU. Br J Anaesth. 1986;58:1091-1099.
45. Heinrichs W, Tzanova I, Brost F, Weiler N, Dick W. Propofol for sedation during postoperative mechanical ventilation [in German]. Anaesthesiol Reanim. 1992;17:77-79, 82-86.
46. Kolenda H, Gremmelt A, Rading S, Braun U, Markakis E. Ketamine for analgosedative therapy in intensive care treatment of head-injured patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1996;138:1193-1199.
47. Adams HA, Biscoping J, Russ W, Bachmann B, Ratthey K, Hempelmann G. Sedative-analgesic medication in intensive care patients needing ventilator treatment [in German]. Anaesthesist. 1988;37:268-276.
48. Ledingham IM, Bion JF, Newman LH, McDonald JC, Wallace PG. Mortality and morbidity amongst sedated intensive care patients. Resuscitation. 1988;(16 suppl):S69-S77.
49. Harris CE, Grounds RM, Murray AM, Lumley J, Royston D, Morgan M. Propofol for long-term sedation in the intensive care unit. Anaesthesia. 1990;45: 366-372.
50. Adams HA, Claussen E, Gebhardt B, Biscoping J, Hempelmann G. The use of ketamine and midazolam for analgesia and sedation in ventilated patients subject to obligatory treatment with catecholamines [in German]. Anaesthesist. 1991;40:238-244.
51. Manley NM, Fitzpatrick RW, Long T, Jones PW. A cost analysis of alfentanil + propofol vs morphine + midazolam for the sedation of critically ill patients. Pharmacoeconomics. 1997;12(2 pt 2):247-255.
52. Vinik HR, Kissin I. Sedation in the ICU. Intensive Care Med. 1991;17(suppl 1):S20-S23.
53. Treggiari-Venzi M, Borgeat A, Fuchs-Buder T, Gachoud JP, Suter PM. Overnight sedation with midazolam or propofol in the ICU. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:1186-1190.
54. Sherry KM, McNamara J, Brown JS, Drummond M. An economic evaluation of propofol/fentanyl compared with midazolam/fentanyl on recovery in the ICU following cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia. 1996;51:312.
55. Polster MR, Gray PA, O'Sullivan G, et al. Comparison of the sedative and amnesic effects of midazolam and propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1993;70:612-616.
56. Weyland W, Brauer A, Weyland A, et al. Effect of sedation on oxygen uptake during spontaneous breathing [in German]. Anaesthesist. 1993;42:391-395.
57. Kong KL, Tyler JE, Willatts SM, Prys-Roberts C. Isoflurane sedation for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Br J Anaesth. 1990;64:159-162.
58. Plunkett JJ, Reeves JD, Ngo L, et al, for the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group, and the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation (IREF). Urine and plasma catecholamine and cortisol concentrations after myocardial revascularization. Anesthesiology. 1997;86: 785-796.
59. Miller DR, Martineau RJ, Hull KA, Vallee F, LeBel M. Optimizing sedation following major vascular surgery. Can J Anaesth. 1994;41:782-793.
60. Harper SJ, Buckley PM, Carr K. Propofol and alfentanil infusions for sedation in intensive therapy. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1991;8:157-165.
61. Westphal LM, Cheng EY, White PF, et al. Use of midazotam infusion for sedation following cardiac surgery. Anesthesiotogy. 1987;67:257-262.
62. Hall RI, MacLaren C, Smith MS, et al. Light versus heavy sedation after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 1997;85:971-978.
63. O'Connor M, Stow P, Mortimer A, Fisher A, Sear JW. Propofol to provide sedation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Acta Anaesthe+siol Belg. 1992; 43:235-241.
64. Mathews HM, Carson IW, Collier PS, et al. Midazolam sedation following open heart surgery. Br J Anaesth. 1987;59:557-560.
65. Hall RI. Sedation in the ICU: implications for the long-stay patient. Clin Intensive Care. 1996;7:10-12.
66. Ewart MC, Yau KW, Morgan M. 2% Propofol for sedation in the intensive care unit: a feasibility study. Anaesthesia. 1992;47:146-148.
67. Harding J, Kemper M, Weissman C. Midazolam attenuates the metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses to an acute increase in oxygen demand. Chest. 1994;106:194-200.
68. McLeod C, Wallis C, Dick J, et al. Use of 2% propofol to produce diurnal sedation in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 1997;23:428-434.
69. Ramsay MA, Savege TM, Simpson BR, Goodwin R. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone. BMJ. 1974;2:656-659.
70. Cook S, Palma O. Propofol as a sole agent for prolonged infusion in intensive care. J Drug Dev. 1989; 4:65-67.
71. Task Force on Principles for Economic Analysis of Health Care Technology. Economic analysis of health care technology. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:61-70.
72. Russell LB, Gold MR, Siegel JE, Daniels N, Weinstein MC, for the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. The role of cost-effectiveness analysis in health and medicine. JAMA. 1996;276:1172-1177.
73. Weinstein MC, Siegel JE, Gold MR, Kamlet MS, Russell LB. Recommendations of the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. JAMA. 1996; 276:1253-1258.
74. Siegel JE, Weinstein MC, Russell LB, Gold MR, for the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Recommendations for reporting cost-effectiveness analyses JAM . 1996;276:1339-1341.
75. Engelman RM, Rousou JA, Flack JE III, et al. Fast-track recovery of the coronary bypass patient. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;58:1742-1746.