Femtochemistry: Atomic-scale dynamics of the chemical bond using ultrafast lasers (Nobel lecture)

Angewandte Chemie - International Edition

Volumn 39, Issue 15, 2000, Pages 2586-2631

  Zewail, Ahmed H ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Femtobiology; Femtochemistry; Noble lecture; Physical chemistry; Transition states

Indexed keywords

DNA;

ANALYTIC METHOD; DNA STRUCTURE; LASER; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; REVIEW; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

EID: 0034604660     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20000804)39:15<2586::AID-ANIE2586>3.0.CO;2-O     Document Type: Review

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323. B. Steiger, J. S. Baskin, F. C. Anson, A. H. Zewail, Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 263; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 257; A. Douhal, S. K. Kim, A. H. Zewail, Nature 1995, 378, 260; T. Fiebig, M. Chachisvilis, M. M. Manger, I. Garcia Ochoa, A. de La Hoz Ayuso, A. Douhal, A. H. Zewail, J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 7419; B. A. Leland, A. D. Joran, P. M. Felker, J. J. Hopfield, A. H. Zewail, P. B. Dervan, J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 5571; A. D. Joran, B. A. Leland, P. M. Felker, A. H. Zewail, J. J. Hopfield, P. B. Dervan, Nature 1987, 327, 508.
324. B. Steiger, J. S. Baskin, F. C. Anson, A. H. Zewail, Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 263; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 257; A. Douhal, S. K. Kim, A. H. Zewail, Nature 1995, 378, 260; T. Fiebig, M. Chachisvilis, M. M. Manger, I. Garcia Ochoa, A. de La Hoz Ayuso, A. Douhal, A. H. Zewail, J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 7419; B. A. Leland, A. D. Joran, P. M. Felker, J. J. Hopfield, A. H. Zewail, P. B. Dervan, J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 5571; A. D. Joran, B. A. Leland, P. M. Felker, A. H. Zewail, J. J. Hopfield, P. B. Dervan, Nature 1987, 327, 508.
325. B. Steiger, J. S. Baskin, F. C. Anson, A. H. Zewail, Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 263; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 257; A. Douhal, S. K. Kim, A. H. Zewail, Nature 1995, 378, 260; T. Fiebig, M. Chachisvilis, M. M. Manger, I. Garcia Ochoa, A. de La Hoz Ayuso, A. Douhal, A. H. Zewail, J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 7419; B. A. Leland, A. D. Joran, P. M. Felker, J. J. Hopfield, A. H. Zewail, P. B. Dervan, J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 5571; A. D. Joran, B. A. Leland, P. M. Felker, A. H. Zewail, J. J. Hopfield, P. B. Dervan, Nature 1987, 327, 508.
326. B. Steiger, J. S. Baskin, F. C. Anson, A. H. Zewail, Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 263; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 257; A. Douhal, S. K. Kim, A. H. Zewail, Nature 1995, 378, 260; T. Fiebig, M. Chachisvilis, M. M. Manger, I. Garcia Ochoa, A. de La Hoz Ayuso, A. Douhal, A. H. Zewail, J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 7419; B. A. Leland, A. D. Joran, P. M. Felker, J. J. Hopfield, A. H. Zewail, P. B. Dervan, J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 5571; A. D. Joran, B. A. Leland, P. M. Felker, A. H. Zewail, J. J. Hopfield, P. B. Dervan, Nature 1987, 327, 508.
327. A. H. Zewail, Femtochemistry - Ultrafast Dynamics of the Chemical Bond, Vol. I and II. World Scientific, New Jersey, Singapore, 1994.
328. The Chemical Bond: Structure and Dynamics (Ed.: A. H. Zewail), Academic Press, Boston, 1992. Book Chapters
329. "Molecular Clusters: Real-Time Dynamics and Reactivity": J. A. Syage, A. H. Zewail in Molecular Clusters (Eds.: J. M. Bowman, Z. Bacic), JAI Press, London, 1998.
330. "Femtochemistry: Dynamics with Atomic Resolution": A. H. Zewail in Femtochemistry & Femtobiology (Ed.: V. Sundström), World Scientific, Singapore, 1997.
331. C. Wittig, A. H. Zewail in Dynamics of Ground State Bimolecular Reactions, Chemical Reactions in Clusters (Ed.: E. R. Bernstein), Oxford University Press, New York, 1996, p. 54.
332. "Femtochemistry: Concepts and Applications": A. H. Zewail in Femtosecond Chemistry (Eds.: J. Manz, L. Wöste), VCH, New York, 1995, p. 15.
333. "Molecular Structures from Ultrafast Coherence Spectroscopy": P. M. Felker, A. H. Zewail in: Femtosecond Chemistry (Eds.: J. Manz, L. Wöste), VCH, New York, 1995, p. 193.
334. "Ultrafast Dynamics of the Chemical Bond - Femtochemistry": A. H. Zewail in Ultrafast Processes in Chemistry and Photobiology, Chemistry for the 21st Century. (Eds.: M. A. El-Sayed, I. Tanaka, Y. N. Molin), IUPAC, Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Oxford, 1995, p. 1.
335. "Molecular Mechanisms for Dephasing: Toward a Unified Treatment of Gases, Solids, and Liquids": K. E. Jones, A. H. Zewail, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys. 1978, 3, 258 (Advances in Laser Chemistry). Reviews
336. "Femlochemistry: Recent Progress in Studies of Dynamics and Control of Reactions and Their Transition States": A. H. Zewail, J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 12701 (Centennial Issue).
337. "Proton-transfer Reaction Dynamics": A. Douhal, F. Lahmani, A. H. Zewail, Chem. Phys. 1996, 207, 477 (Special Issue).
338. "Direct Observation of The Transition State": J. C. Polanyi, A. H. Zewail, Acc.Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 119 (Holy-Grail Special Issue).
339. "Coherence - A Powerful Concept in the Studies of Structures and Dynamics": A. H. Zewail, Laser Phys. 1995, 5, 417.
340. "Femtochemistry": A. H. Zewail. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 12427 (Feature Article).
341. "Femtochemistry: Recent Advances and Extension to High-Pressures": see ref. [75a].
342. "Real-Time Laser Femtochemistry: Viewing the Transition Stales from Reagents to Products": A. H. Zewail, R. B. Bernstein, Chem. Eng. News 1988, 66(Nov 7) 24: Feature Article/Special Report in: The Chemical Bond: Structure and Dynamics (Ed.: A. H. Zewail), Academic Press, Boston, 1992, p. 223.
343. "Real-Time Laser Femtochemistry: Viewing the Transition Stales from Reagents to Products": A. H. Zewail, R. B. Bernstein, Chem. Eng. News 1988, 66(Nov 7) 24: Feature Article/Special Report in: The Chemical Bond: Structure and Dynamics (Ed.: A. H. Zewail), Academic Press, Boston, 1992, p. 223.
344. "Femtosecond Transition-State Dynamics in Structure and Dynamics of Reactive Transition States": A. H. Zewail, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 1991, 91, 207.
345. "Femtochemistry: The Role of Alignment and Orientation": A. H. Zewail, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1989, 285, 1221.
346. "Laser Femtochemistry": A. H. Zewail, Science 1988, 242, 1645.
347. "IVR: Its Coherent and Incoherent Dynamics": A. H. Zewail, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 264.
348. "Energy Redistribution in Isolated Molecules and the Question of Mode-Selective Laser Chemistry Revisited": N. Bloembergen, A. H. Zewail, J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 5459 (Feature Article).
349. "Phase Coherence in Multiple Pulse Optical Spectroscopy": W. S. Warren, A. H. Zewail in Photochemistry and Photobiology: Proceedings of the International Conference, Vol. 1 and 11 (Ed.: A. H. Zewail), Harwood Academic, Chur, Switzerland, 1983 (Alexandria, Egypt, January 5-10, 1983); W. S. Warren, A. H. Zewail, Laser Chem. 1983, 2(1, 6), 37.
350. "Phase Coherence in Multiple Pulse Optical Spectroscopy": W. S. Warren, A. H. Zewail in Photochemistry and Photobiology: Proceedings of the International Conference, Vol. 1 and 11 (Ed.: A. H. Zewail), Harwood Academic, Chur, Switzerland, 1983 (Alexandria, Egypt, January 5-10, 1983); W. S. Warren, A. H. Zewail, Laser Chem. 1983, 2(1, 6), 37.
351. "Optical Molecular Dephasing: Principles of and Probings by Coherent Laser Spectroscopy": A. H. Zewail, Acc. Chem. Res. 1980, 13, 360.
352. "Laser Selective Chemistry - Is it Possible?": A. H. Zewail, Phys. Today 1980, 33, 2.
353. "Freezing Time - In a Femtosecond": J. S. Baskin, A. H. Zewail, Sci. Spectra 1998, (14), 62.
354. "What is Chemistry? 100 Years After J. J. Thomson's Discovery": A. H. Zewail, Cambridge Rev. 1997, 118(2330), 65.
355. "Discoveries at Atomic Resolution (Small is Beautiful)": A. H. Zewail, Nature 1993, 361, 215.
356. "The Birth of Molecules": A. H. Zewail, Sci. Am. 1990, 263, 76. Also available in other languages: Italian, Japanese, French, Spanish, German, Russian, Chinese, Arabic, Hungarian, and Indian.
357. Nobel Symposium: Femtochemislry & Femtobiology (Ed.: V. Sundström), World Scientific, Singapore, 1997.
358. Solvay Conference: "Chemical Reactions and Their Control on the Femtosecond Time Scale": Adv. Chem. Phys. 1997, 101.
359. Lausanne Conference: Femtochemistry (Ed.: M. Chergui), World Scientific, Singapore, 1996.
360. Berlin Conference: Femtosecond Chemistry, Vol. 1 and 2 (Eds.: J. Manz, L. Wöste), VCH, Weinheim, 1995.
361. Amsterdam Conference: Femtosecond Reaction Dynamics (Ed.: D. A. Wiersma), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1994.
362. Ultrafast Processes in Chemistry and Biology - Chemistry for the 21st Century (Eds.: M. A. El-Sayed, I. Tanaka, Y. N. Molin), IUPAC Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 1994.
363. Density Matrix Method and Femtosecond Processes, (Eds.:S. H. Lin, R. Alden, R. Isalampour, H. Ma, A. A. Villaeys), World Scientific, Singapore, 1991.
364. Principles of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy, S. Mukamel, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995.
365. Ultrafast Dynamics of Chemical Systems (Ed.: J. D. Simon), Kluwer, Boston, 1994.
366. E. Schreiber, Femtosecond Real-Time Spectroscopy of Small Molecules & Clusters, Springer, New York. 1998. Special Issues
367. "Femtochemistry - Ten Years of": J. Phys. Chem. 1998, 92 (June Issue).
368. "Femtochemistry": J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97 (December Issue).
369. "Ullrafast Lasers in Chemistry":, Isr. J. Chem. 1994, 34(1). Reviews
370. "Chemistry in Microtime": G. Porter in The Chemical Bond: Structures and Dynamics (Ed.: A. H. Zewail), Academic Press, Boston, 1992, p. 113.
371. "Molecular Photophysics": G. Beddard, Rep. Prog. Phys. 1993, 56, 63.
372. "Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Impulsive Limit": L. Dhar, J. A. Rogers, K. A. Nelson, Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 157.
373. "The Dynamics of Wave Packets of Highly-Excited States of Atoms and Molecules": I. Sh. Averbukh, N. F. Perel'man, Sov. Phys. Usp. (Engl. Transl.) 1991, 34, 572.
374. "Hot Electron Femtochemistry at Surfaces": J. W. Gadzuk in ref. [B32], Vol. 2, p. 603.
375. "Dynamics of Nonthermal Reactions: Surface Femtosecond Chemistry": R. R. Cavanagh, D. S. King, J. C. Stephenson, T. F. Heinz, J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 786.
376. "Femtochemistry": J. G. Thorne, G. S. Beddard, Chem. Ind. 1994, 456.
377. "Wave Packet Dynamics: New Physics and Chemistry in Femtotime": B. M. Garraway, K.-A. Suominen, Rep. Prog. Phys. 1995, 58, 365.
378. "Femtosecond Broadband Absorption Spectroscopy of Fragments Formed in the Photodissociation of Gas-phase Molecules": J. H. Glownia, R. E. Walkup, D. R. Gnass, M. Kaschke, J. A. Misewich, P. P. Sorokin in ref. [B32], Vol. 1, p. 131.
379. "Theory of Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Excited-State Processes and their Spectroscopic Detection in Real Time": W. Domcke, G. Stock, Adv. Chem. Phys. 1997, 100, 1.
380. "Femtosecond Surface Science", J. A. Misewich, T. F. Heinz, P. Weigand, A. Katamarides in Advanced Series in Physical Chemistry, Vol. 5 (Eds.: H.-L. Dai, W. Ho), World Scientific, Singapore, 1995.
381. "Femtosecond Time-Resolved Photochemistry of Molecules and Metal Clusters": T. Baumert, R. Thalweiser, V. Weiss, G. Gerber in ref. [B32], Vol. 2, p. 397.
382. "Pulse, Pump and Probe": R. Hoffmann, Am. Sci. 1999, 87, 308.
383. "Femtochemistry": Y. Tanimura, K. Yamashita, P. A. Anfinrud, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 8823; P. Anfinrud, R. de Vivie-Riedle, V. Engel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 8328.
384. "Femtochemistry": Y. Tanimura, K. Yamashita, P. A. Anfinrud, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 8823; P. Anfinrud, R. de Vivie-Riedle, V. Engel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 8328.
385. P. Ball, Designing the Molecular World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1994; P. Ball, Chemie der Zukunft - Magie oder Design?, VCH, Weinheim, 1996.
386. P. Ball, Designing the Molecular World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1994; P. Ball, Chemie der Zukunft - Magie oder Design?, VCH, Weinheim, 1996.
387. H. C. von Baeyer, Taming the Atom, Random House, New York, 1992.
388. P. W. Atkins, Atoms, Electrons, and Change, Freeman, New York, 1991.
389. "The World's Fastest Camera": V. K. Jain, The World and I, Washington Times Publishing, 1995, p. 156.
390. see ref. [5a].
391. "The Classical Limit of an Atom": M. Nauenberg, C. Stroud, J. Yaezell, Sci. Am. 1994, 44.
392. "Coherent Thinking": D. L. Smith, Eng. Sci. 1999, 62(4), 6.