Theory of ultrafast nonadiabatic excited-state processes and their spectroscopic detection in real time

Advances in Chemical Physics

Volumn 100, Issue , 1997, Pages 1-169

  Domcke, Wolfgang ^a   Stock, Gerhard ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEGREES OF FREEDOM (MECHANICS); DYNAMICS; QUANTUM THEORY; WAVE PACKETS;

EXCITED-STATE PROCESS; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; MODEL HAMILTONIANS; NON-BORN OPPENHEIMER; NONLINEAR POLARIZATIONS; PATH INTEGRAL APPROACH; QUANTUM MECHANICAL; SPECTROSCOPIC DETECTION;

EXCITED STATES;

EID: 0006657080     PISSN: 00652385     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (542)

1. R. Schinke, Photodissociation Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993.
2. J. B. Birks, Photophysics of Aromatic Molecules, Wiley, New York, 1970.
3. J. Michl and V. Bonačić-Koutecký, Electronic Aspects of Organic Photochemistry, Wiley, New York, 1990.
4. E. S. Medvedev and V. I. Osherov, Radiationless Transitions in Polyatomic Molecules, Springer, Berlin, 1995.
5. M. Klessinger and J. Michl, Excited States and Photochemistry of Organic Molecules, VCH, New York, 1995.
6. Femtochemistry, Special Issue, Eds. J. Manz and A. W. Castleman, Jr., J. Phys. Chem., 97 (1993).
7. Ultrafast Phenomena IX, P. F. Barbara, W. H. Knox, G. A. Mourou and A. H. Zewail, Eds., Springer, Berlin, 1994.
8. A. H. Zewail, Femtochemistry - Ultrafast Dynamics of the Chemical Bond, World Scientific, Singapore, 1994.
9. Femtosecond Reaction Dynamics, D. A. Wiersma, Ed., North Holland, Amsterdam, 1994.
10. Femtosecond Chemistry, J. Manz and L. Wöste, Eds., VCH, New York, 1994.
11. M. Dantus, M. J. Rosker, and A. H. Zewail, J. Chem. Phys., 89, 6128 (1988).
12. T. Rose, M. J. Rosker, and A. H. Zewail, J. Chem. Phys., 88, 6672 (1988);
13. T. Rose, M. J. Rosker, and A. H. Zewail, J. Chem. Phys., 91, 7415 (1989);
14. Chem. Phys. Lett., 146, 175 (1988).
15. M. J. Rosker, F. W. Wise, and C. L. Tang, Phys. Rev. Lett., 57, 321 (1986);
16. F. W. Wise, M. J. Rosker, and C. L. Tang, J. Chem. Phys., 86, 2827 (1987).
17. M. H. Vos, J.-C. Lambry, S. J. Robles, D. C. Youvan, J. Breton, and J.-L. Martin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 8885 (1991).
18. J.-Y. Bigot, M. T. Portella, R. W. Schoenlein, C. J. Bardeen, A. Migus, and C. V. Shank, Phys. Rev. Lett, 66, 1138 (1991).
19. M. S. Pshenichnikov, K. Duppen, and D. A. Wiersma, Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, 674 (1995).
20. L. A. Peteanu, R. W. Schoenlein, R. A. Mathies, and C. V. Shank, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 11762 (1993).
21. P. J. Reid, C. Silva, P. F. Barbara, L. Karki, and J. T. Hupp, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 2609 (1995).
22. K. Dressler, E. Umlauf, S. Schmidt, P. Hamm, W. Zinth, S. Buchanan, and H. Michel, Chem. Phys. Lett., 183, 270 (1991).
23. B. Bühler, R. Thalweiser, and G. Gerber, Chem. Phys. Lett., 188, 247 (1992).
24. T. Baumert, C. Röttgermann, C. Rothenfusser, R. Thalweiser, V. Weiss, and G. Gerber, Phys. Rev. Lett., 69, 1512 (1992).
25. T. A. Gregory and S. Lipsky, J. Chem. Phys., 65, 296 (1976).
26. M. R. Topp, H.-B. Lin, and K.-J. Choi, Chem. Phys., 60, 47 (1981).
27. V. A. Lyubimtsev and V. L. Ermolaev, Opt. Spectrosc., 61, 320 (1986).
28. G. Herzberg and H. C. Longuet-Higgins, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 35, 77 (1963).
29. T. Carrington, Accts. Chem. Res., 7, 20 (1974).
30. L. Salem, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 96, 3486 (1974).
31. V. Bonačić-Koutecký and J. Michl, Theor. Chim. Acta, 68, 45 (1985).
32. F. Bernardi, S. De, M. Olivucci, and M. A. Robb, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, 1737 (1990).
33. S. Xantheas, S. T. Elbert, and K. Ruedenberg, Theor. Chim. Acta, 78, 365 (1991).
34. A. L. Sobolewski, C. Woywod, and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 5627 (1993).
35. D. R. Yarkony, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 3639 (1994).
36. P. Celani, F. Bernardi, M. Olivucci, and M. A. Robb, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 5733 (1995).
37. M. Klessinger, Angew. Chem., 107, 597 (1995).
38. H. Köppel, W. Domcke, and L. S. Cederbaum, Adv. Chem. Phys., 57, 59 (1984).
39. R. Schneider, W. Domcke, and H. Köppel, J. Chem. Phys., 92, 1045 (1990).
40. U. Manthe and H. Köppel, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 345 (1990).
41. U. Manthe and H. Köppel, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 1658 (1990).
42. L. Seidner and W. Domcke, Chem. Phys., 186, 27 (1994).
43. W. Domcke, H. Köppel, and L. S. Cederbaum in Stochasticity and Intramolecular Redistribution of Energy, Eds. R. Lefebvre and S. Mukamel, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1987, p. 217.
44. G. W. Robinson, in Excited States, E. C. Lim., Ed., Academic Press, New York, 1974, Vol. 1, p. 1.
45. J. Jortner and S. Mukamel, in Molecular Energy Transfer, R. Levine, J. Jortner, Eds., Wiley, New York, 1976, p. 178.
46. K. F. Freed, in Radiationless Processes, F. K. Fong, Ed., Springer, Berlin, 1976, p.23.
47. G. Stock and W. Domcke, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 12466 (1993).
48. C. Woywod, W. Domcke, A. L. Sobolewski, and H.-J. Werner, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 1400 (1994).
49. S. Mukamel, Phys. Rep., 93, 1 (1982).
50. M. Mitsunaga and C. L. Tang, Phys. Rev. A, 35, 1720 (1987).
51. S. Mukamel, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 41, 647 (1990).
52. W. T. Pollard, S.-Y. Lee, and R. A. Mathies, J. Chem. Phys., 92, 4012 (1990).
53. L. Seidner, G. Stock, and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys., 103, 3998 (1995).
54. L. R. Khundkar and A. H. Zewail, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 41, 15 (1990).
55. V. Engel and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys., 90, 6116 (1989);
56. V. Engel and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys., 91, 1596 (1989).
57. S. E. Choi and J. C. Light, J. Chem. Phys., 90, 2602 (1989).
58. S.-Y. Lee, W. T. Pollard, and R. A. Mathies, J. Chem. Phys., 90, 6146 (1989).
59. S. H. Lin, B. Fain, and N. Hamer, Adv. Chem. Phys., 79, 133 (1990).
60. S. Chapman and M. S. Child, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 578 (1991).
61. Ch. Meier, V. Engel, and J. S. Briggs, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 7337 (1991).
62. H. Kono and Y. Fujimura, Chem. Phys. Lett., 184, 497 (1991).
63. T. Baumert, B. Bühler, R. Thalweiser, and G. Gerber, Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 733 (1990).
64. R. M. Bowman, M. Dantus, and A. H. Zewail, Chem. Phys. Lett., 161, 297 (1989).
65. N. F. Scherer, R. J. Carlson, A. Mantro, M. Du, A. J. Ruggiero, V. Romero-Rochin, J. A. Cina, G. R. Fleming, and S. A. Rice, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 1487 (1991).
66. H. Metiu and V. Engel, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 5693 (1990).
67. M. Gruebele and A. H. Zewail, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 883 (1993).
68. N. F. Scherer, A. Mantro, L. D. Ziegler, M. Du, R. J. Carlson, J. A. Cina, and G. R. Fleming, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 4180 (1992).
69. Y. J. Yan, R. M. Whitnell, and K. R. Wilson, Chem. Phys. Lett., 193, 402 (1992).
70. R. Zadoyan, Z. Li, C. C. Martens, and V. A. Apkarian, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 6648 (1994);
71. Z. Li, V. A. Apkarian, and C. C. Martens, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 7453 (1995).
72. Q. Liu, J.-K. Wang, and A. H. Zewail, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 11321 (1995).
73. S. O. Williams and D. G. Imre, J. Phys. Chem., 92, 6636, 6648 (1988).
74. T. Baumert, R. Thalweiser, and G. Gerber, Chem. Phys. Lett., 209, 29 (1993).
75. S. Rutz, K. Kobe, H. Kühling, E. Schreiber, and L. Wöste, Z. Physik D, 26, 276 (1993).
76. A. J. Dobbyn and J. M. Hutson, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 11428 (1994).
77. G. Schön and H. Köppel, Chem. Phys. Lett., 231, 55 (1994);
78. J. Chem. Phys., 103, 9292 (1995).
79. B. Reischl, Chem. Phys. Lett., 239, 173 (1995).
80. Y. R. Shen, The Principles of Nonlinear Optics, Wiley, New York, 1984.
81. U. Fano, Rev. Mod. Phys., 29, 174 (1957).
82. A. G. Redfield, Adv. Magn. Reson., 1, 1 (1965).
83. W. H. Louisell, Quantum Statistical Properties of Radiation, Wiley, New York, 1973.
84. K. Blum, Density Matrix Theory and Applications, Plenum Press, New York, 1981.
85. B. Fain, S. H. Lin, and V. Khidekel, Phys. Rev. A, 47, 3222 (1993).
86. W. T. Pollard and R. A. Mathies, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem, 43, 497 (1992).
87. Y. J. Yan, L. E. Fried, and S. Mukamel, J. Phys. Chem, 93, 8149 (1989).
88. Y. J. Yan and S. Mukamel, Phys. Rev. A, 41, 6485 (1990).
89. W. B. Bosma, Y. J. Yan, and S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 3863 (1990).
90. S. Mukamel, Principles of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
91. J. M. Jean, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 10464 (1994).
92. O. Kühn, V. May, and M. Schreiber, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 10404 (1994).
93. Y. Tanimura and S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 3049 (1994).
94. W. Domcke and H. Köppel, Chem. Phys. Lett., 140, 133 (1987).
95. G. Stock, R. Scheider, and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys., 90, 7184 (1989).
96. G. Stock and W. Domcke, Opt. Soc. Am. B, 7, 1970 (1990).
97. M. Seel and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 7805 (1991).
98. G. Stock and W. Domcke, Phys. Rev. A. 45, 3032 (1992).
99. G. Stock, C. Woywod, and W. Domcke, Chem. Phys. Lett., 200, 163 (1992).
100. L. Seidner, G. Stock, and W. Domcke, Chem. Phys. Lett., 228, 665 (1994).
101. M. Born and K. Huang, Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices, Oxford University Press, London, 1954.
102. B. H. Lengsfield and D. R. Yarkony, Adv. Chem. Phys., 82, 1 (1992).
103. R. Shepard, Adv. Chem. Phys., 69, 63 (1987).
104. B. O. Roos, Adv. Chem. Phys., 69, 399 (1987).
105. H.-J. Werner, Adv. Chem. Phys., 69, 1 (1987).
106. B. H. Lengsfield, P. Saxe, and D. R. Yarkony, J. Chem. Phys., 81, 4549 (1984).
107. B. H. Lengsfield and D. R. Yarkony, J. Chem. Phys., 84, 348 (1986).
108. T. Neuheuser, N. Sukumar, and S. D. Peyerimhoff, Chem. Phys., 194, 45 (1995).
109. G. Parlant and D. R. Yarkony, Int. J. Quant. Chem. Symp., 26, 737 (1992).
110. H. C. Longuet-Higgins, in Advances in Spectroscopy, H. W. Thompson, Ed., Interscience, New York, 1961, Vol. 2, p. 429.
111. W. Lichten, Phys. Rev., 131, 229 (1963).
112. T. F. O'Malley, Phys. Rev., 162, 98 (1967).
113. T. F. O'Malley, Adv. At. Mol. Phys., 7, 223 (1971).
114. F. T. Smith, Phys. Rev., 179, 111 (1969).
115. M. Baer, Chem. Phys. Lett., 35, 112 (1975).
116. M. Baer, Chem. Phys., 15, 49 (1976).
117. C. J. Ballhausen and A. E. Hansen, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 23, 15 (1972).
118. V. Sidis, Adv. Chem. Phys., 82, 73 (1992).
119. T. Pacher, L. S. Cederbaum, and H. Köppel, Adv. Chem. Phys., 84, 293 (1993).
120. C. A. Mead, Rev. Mod. Phys., 64, 51 (1992).
121. W. Domcke, Phys. Rep., 208, 97 (1991).
122. C. A. Mead and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys., 77, 6090 (1982).
123. M. Baer, Adv. Chem. Phys., 82, 187 (1992).
124. T. Pacher, C. A. Mead, L. S. Cederbaum, and H. Köppel, J. Chem. Phys., 91, 7057 (1989).
125. H.-J. Werner and W. Meyer, J. Chem. Phys., 74, 5802 (1981).
126. C. Petrongolo, G. Hirsch, and R. J. Buenker, Mol. Phys., 70, 825 (1990).
127. M. Perić, S. D. Peyerimhoff, and R. J. Buenker, Z. Physik D, 24, 177 (1992).
128. J. Hendeković, Chem. Phys. Lett., 90, 193 (1982).
129. M. Persico, in Spectral Line Shapes, Vol. 3, F. Rostas, Ed., De Gruyter, Berlin, 1985.
130. R. Cimiraglia, J.-P. Malrieu, M. Persico, and F. Spiegelmann, J. Phys. B, 18, 3073 (1985).
131. F. X. Gadea and M. Pelissier, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 545 (1990).
132. I. D. Petsalakis, G. Theodorakopoulos, and C. A. Nicolaides, Chem. Phys. Lett., 185, 359 (1991).
133. K. Ruedenberg, L. M. Cheung and S. T. Elbert, Int. J. Quant. Chem., 16, 1069 (1979).
134. H.-J. Werner and W. Meyer, J. Chem. Phys., 74, 5794 (1981).
135. K. Anderson, P.-A. Malmquist, B. O. Roos, A. J. Sadlej, and K. J. Wolinski, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 5483 (1990).
136. W. Domcke, A. L. Sobolewski, and C. Woywod, Chem. Phys. Lett., 203, 220 (1993).
137. W. Domcke and C. Woywod, Chem. Phys. Lett., 216, 362 (1993).
138. W. Domcke, C. Woywod, and M. Stengle, Chem. Phys. Lett., 226, 257 (1994).
139. J. P. Gauyacq, J. Phys. B, 11, 85 (1978).
140. J. B. Delos and W. R. Thorson, J. Chem. Phys., 70, 1774 (1979).
141. T. Pacher, L. S. Cederbaum, and H. Köppel, J. Chem. Phys., 89, 7367 (1988).
142. L. S. Cederbaum, J. Schirmer, and H.-D. Meyer, J. Phys. A, 22, 2427 (1989).
143. T. Pacher, H. Köppel, and L. S. Cederbaum, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 6668 (1991).
144. M. Desouter-Lecomte, C. Galloy, J. C. Lorquet, and M. Vaz Pires, J. Chem. Phys., 71, 3661 (1979).
145. A. R. Gregory, W. H. Henneker, W. Siebrand, and M. Z. Zgierski, J. Chem. Phys., 65, 2071 (1976).
146. I. B. Bersuker and V. Z. Polinger, Vibronic Interactions in Molecules and Crystals, Springer, Berlin, 1989.
147. B. Heumann, K. Weide, R. Düren, and R. Schinke, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 5508 (1993).
148. H. Guo, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 6629 (1992).
149. A. Loettgers, A. Untch, M. Stumpf, R. Schinke, H.-J. Werner, C. Bauer, and P. Rosmus, Chem. Phys. Lett., 230, 290 (1994).
150. J. N. Murrell, S. Carter, S. C. Farantos, P. Huxley, and A. J. C. Varandas, Molecular Potential Energy Functions, Wiley, New York, 1984.
151. D. G. Truhlar, R. Steckler, and M. S. Gordon, Chem. Rev., 87, 217 (1987).
152. A. J. C. Varandas, Adv. Chem. Phys., 74, 255 (1988).
153. G. C. Schatz, Rev. Mod. Phys., 61, 669 (1989).
154. R. Car and M. Parinello, Phys. Rev. Lett, 55, 2471 (1985).
155. B. Hartke and E. A. Carter, Chem. Phys. Lett., 216, 324 (1993).
156. J. K. Gregory and D. C. Clary, Chem. Phys. Lett., 237, 39 (1995).
157. J. C. Greer, R. Ahlrichs, and I. V. Hertel, Z. Phys. D, 18, 413 (1991).
158. B. R. Smith, M. J. Bearpark, M. A. Robb, F. Bernardi, and M. Olivucci, Chem. Phys. Lett., 242, 27 (1995).
159. W. H. Miller, N. C. Handy, and J. E. Adams, J. Chem. Phys., 72, 99 (1980).
160. E. B. Wilson, Jr., J. C. Decius, and P. C. Cross, Molecular Vibrations, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1955.
161. U. Burkert and N. L. Allinger, Molecular Mechanics, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1982, Vol. 177.
162. Y. Guan, G. C. Lynch, and D. L. Thompson, J. Chem. Phys., 87, 6957 (1987).
163. P. M. Agrawal, D. L. Thompson, and L. M. Raff, J. Chem. Phys., 88, 5948 (1988).
164. Y. Guan and D. L. Thompson, Chem. Phys., 139, 147 (1989).
165. A. Preiskorn and D. L. Thompson, J. Chem. Phys., 91, 2299 (1989).
166. T. D. Sewell and D. L. Thompson, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 4077 (1990).
167. Y. Qin and D. L. Thompson, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 1992 (1992).
168. C. C. Chambers and D. L. Thompson, Chem. Phys. Lett., 218, 166 (1994).
169. A. Warshel and R. M. Weiss, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 102, 6218 (1980).
170. W. H. Miller, in Molecular Aspects of Biotechnology: Computational Models and Theories, J. Bertrán, Ed., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1992, p. 193.
171. N. C. Handy, Mol. Phys., 61, 207 (1987).
172. M. J. Bramley, W. H. Green, Jr., and N. C. Handy, Mol. Phys., 73, 1183 (1991).
173. B. Podolsky, Phys. Rev., 32, 812 (1928).
174. B. T. Sutcliffe, in Current Aspects of Quantum Chemistry, R. Carbo, Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982.
175. T. J. Lukka, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 3945 (1995).
176. A. G. Császár and N. C. Handy, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 3962 (1995).
177. M. J. Bramley and N. C. Handy, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 1378 (1993).
178. M. J. Bramley and T. Carrington, Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 99, 8519 (1993).
179. M. J. Bramley, J. W. Tromp, T. Carrington, Jr., and G. C. Corey, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 6175 (1994).
180. J. E. Hadder and J. H. Frederick, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 3500 (1992).
181. L. S. Cederbaum and W. Domcke, Adv. Chem. Phys., 36, 205 (1977).
182. G. Fischer, Vibronic Coupling, Academic Press, New York, 1984.
183. I. B. Bersuker, The John-Teller Effect and Vibronic Interactions in Modern Chemistry, Plenum Press, New York, 1984.
184. R. L. Whetten, G. S. Ezra, and E. R. Grant, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 36, 277 (1985).
185. E. J. Heller, Accts. Chem. Res., 14, 368 (1981).
186. R. Schneider and W. Domcke, Chem. Phys. Lett., 150, 235 (1988).
187. L. Seidner, G. Stock, A. L. Sobolewski, and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 5298 (1992).
188. G. Stock, C. Woywod, W. Domcke, T. Swinney, and B. Hudson, J. Chem. Phys., 103, 6851 (1995).
189. J. D. Lewis, T. B. Malloy, Jr., T. H. Chao, and J. Laane, J. Mol. Struct., 12, 427 (1972).
190. G. C. Groenenboom, PhD Thesis, Technical University of Eindhoven, 1991 (unpublished).
191. D. J. Tannor, R. Kosloff, and S. A. Rice, J. Chem. Phys., 85, 5805 (1986).
192. F. Bloch and A. Siegert, Phys. Rev., 57, 522 (1940).
193. R. Bavli and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 6632 (1993).
194. H. Köppel, Chem. Phys., 77, 359 (1983).
195. H. Köppel, L. S. Cederbaum, and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys., 89, 2023 (1988).
196. H. Köppel, Chem. Phys. Lett., 205, 361 (1993).
197. A. D. Hammerich, A. Nitzan, and M. A. Ratner, Theor. Chim. Acta, 89, 383 (1994).
198. M. Quack, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 41, 839 (1990).
199. R. E. Wyatt, C. Iung, and C. Leforestier, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 3477 (1992).
200. C. Iung and R. E. Wyatt, J. Chem. Phys., 99, 2261 (1993).
201. S. A. Schofield, P. G. Wolynes, and R. E. Wyatt, Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, 3720 (1995).
202. J. K. Cullum and R. A. Willoughby, Lanczos Algorithms for Large Sparse Eigenvalue Problems, Birkhäuser, Basel, 1985, Vol. 1.
203. D. Gottlieb and S. A. Orszag, Numerical Analysis of Spectral Methods: Theory and Applications, SIAM, Philadelphia, 1977.
204. J. C. Light, I. P. Hamilton, and J. V. Lill, J. Chem. Phys., 82, 1400 (1985).
205. J. P. Boyd, Chebyshev and Fourier Spectral Methods, Springer, Berlin, 1989.
206. D. O. Harris, G. G. Engerholm, and W. D. Gwinn, J. Chem. Phys., 43, 1515 (1969).
207. A. S. Dickinson and P. R. Certain, J. Chem. Phys., 49, 4209 (1968).
208. W. Domcke, H. Köppel, and L. S. Cederbaum, Mol. Phys., 43, 851 (1981).
209. Z. Bačić, R. M. Whitnell, D. Brown, and J. C. Light, Comput. Phys. Comm., 51, 35 (1988).
210. R. M. Whitnell and J. C. Light, J. Chem. Phys., 90, 1774 (1989).
211. Z. Bačić and J. C. Light, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 40, 469 (1989).
212. M. D. Feit and J. A. Fleck, Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 78, 301 (1983).
213. R. Kosloff, J. Phys. Chem., 92, 2087 (1988).
214. R. Kosloff, in Numerical Grid Methods and Their Application to Schrödinger's Equation, C. Cerjan, Ed., NATO ASI Series C 412. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1993.
215. R. Kosloff, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 45, 145 (1994).
216. T. Carrington, Jr., unpublished.
217. S. E. Choi and J. C. Light, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 7031 (1992).
218. J. A. Bentley, R. E. Wyatt, M. Menou, and C. Leforestier, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 4255 (1992).
219. H. Wei and T. Carrington, Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 101, 1343 (1994).
220. X.-P. Jiang, R. Heather, and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys., 90, 2555 (1989).
221. U. Manthe, H. Köppel, and S. Cederbaum, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 1708 (1991).
222. C. J. Williams, J. Quian, and D. J. Tannor, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 1721 (1991).
223. H. Guo, Chem. Phys. Lett., 187, 360 (1991);
224. J. Chem. Phys., 96, 2731 (1992).
225. M. D. Feit, J. A. Fleck, Jr., and A. Steiger, J. Comput. Phys., 47, 412 (1982).
226. D. Kosloff and R. Kosloff, J. Comput. Phys., 52, 35 (1983).
227. F. Le Quéré and C. Leforestier, J. Chem. Phys., 92, 247 (1990).
228. C. E. Dateo, V. Engel, R. Almeida, and H. Metiu, Comput. Phys. Comm., 63, 435 (1991).
229. G. C. Corey and D. Lemoine, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 4115 (1992).
230. S. Carter and N. C. Handy, Mol. Phys., 57, 175 (1986).
231. J. Tennyson and J. R. Henderson, J. Chem. Phys., 91, 3815 (1989).
232. R. A. Friesner, J. A. Bentley, M. Menou, and C. Leforestier, J. Chem. Phys., 99, 324 (1993).
233. M. J. Bramley and T. Carrington, Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 101, 8494 (1994).
234. F. B. Hildebrand, Introduction to Numerical Analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974.
235. L. F. Shampine and L. K. Gordon, Computer Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: The Initial Value Problem, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1975.
236. J. Stoer and R. Bulirsch, Einführung in die Numerische Mathematik 11, Springer, Berlin, 1978.
237. W. H. Press, B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vetterling, Numerical Recipes, Cambridge University Press, 1987.
238. E. A. McCullough, Jr. and R. E. Wyatt, J. Chem. Phys., 51, 1253 (1969).
239. A. Askar and A. S. Cakmak, J. Chem. Phys., 68, 2794 (1978).
240. C. Leforestier, Chem. Phys., 68, 2794 (1978).
241. K. C. Kulander, J. Chem. Phys., 69, 5064 (1978).
242. H. Tal-Ezer and R. Kosloff, J. Chem. Phys., 81, 3967 (1984).
243. T. J. Park and J. C. Light, J. Chem. Phys., 85, 5870 (1986).
244. C. Leforestier, R. H. Bisseling, C. Cerjan, M. D. Feit, R. Friesner, A. Guldberg, A. Hammerich, G. Jolicard, W. Karrlein, H.-D. Meyer, N. Lipkin, O. Roncero, and R. Kosloff, J. Comput. Phys., 94, 59 (1991).
245. S. K. Gray and J. M. Verosky, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 5011 (1994).
246. T. N. Truong, J. J. Tanner, P. Bala, J. A. McCammon, D. J. Kouri, B. Lesyng, and D. K. Hoffman, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 2077 (1992).
247. E. J. Mele and J. Socolar, Int. J. Quant. Chem. Symp., 18, 347 (1984).
248. J. Alvarellos and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys. 88, 4957 (1988).
249. J. Broeckhove, B. Feyen, L. Lathowers, F. Arickx, and P. Van Leuven, Chem. Phys. Lett., 174, 504 (1990).
250. F. M. Fernández and D. A. Micha, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 8173 (1992).
251. B. M. Garraway and K.-A. Suominen, Rep. Prog. Phys., 58, 365 (1995).
252. H. De Raedt, Comput. Phys. Rep., 7, 1 (1987).
253. A. D. Bandrauk and H. Shen, Chem. Phys. Lett., 176, 428 (1991).
254. U. Peskin, R. Kosloff, and N. Moiseyev, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 8849 (1994).
255. G. Yao and R. E. Wyatt, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 1904 (1994).
256. A. Ferretti, A. Lami, and G. Villani, Chem. Phys., 196, 447 (1995).
257. A. D. Hammerich, R. Kosloff, and M. A. Ratner, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 6410 (1992).
258. W. H. Press and S. A. Teukolsky, Computers in Physics, 6, 188 (1992).
259. A. J. Leggett, S. Chakravarty, A. T. Dorsey, M. P. A. Fisher, A. Garg, and W. Zwerger, Rev. Mod. Phys., 59, 1 (1987).
260. A. E. Orel and K. C. Kulander, Chem. Phys. Lett., 146, 428 (1988).
261. H. Guo and G. C. Schatz, J. Chem. Phys., 92, 1634 (1990).
262. B. Heumann and R. Schinke, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 7488 (1994).
263. H. Köppel, L. S. Cederbaum, and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys., 77, 2014 (1982).
264. H. Köppel, L. S. Cederbaum, W. Domcke, and S. S. Shaik, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 22, 210 (1983).
265. A. Kuppermann and Y. M. Wu, Chem. Phys. Lett., 205, 577 (1993).
266. J. A. Cina, T. J. Smith, Jr., and V. Romero-Rochin, Adv. Chem. Phys., 83, 1 (1993).
267. M. Durga Prasad, Chem. Phys. Lett., 194, 27 (1992).
268. H.-D. Meyer, Chem. Phys., 82, 199 (1983).
269. G. Stock, J. Chem. Phys., 103, 10015 (1995).
270. O. Braitbart, E. Castellucci, G. Dujardin, and S. Leach, J. Chem. Phys., 87, 4799 (1983).
271. J. Eiding, R. Schneider, W. Domcke, H. Köppel, and W. von Niessen, Chem. Phys. Lett, 177, 345 (1991);
272. J. Eiding, R. Schneider, W. Domcke, H. Köppel, and W. von Niessen, Chem. Phys. Lett, 191, 203 (1992).
273. J. Eiding, W. Domcke, W. Huber, and H.-P. Steinrück, Chem. Phys. Lett., 180, 133 (1991).
274. G. Stock, Chem. Phys. Lett., 224, 131 (1994).
275. G. Stock, J. Chem. Phys., 103, 2888 (1995).
276. V. E. Bondybey, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 35, 591 (1984).
277. H. A. Stuchebrukhov, Sov. Phys. JETP, 64, 1195 (1986).
278. T. Uzer, Phys. Rep., 199, 73 (1991).
279. R. J. Sension, S. T. Repinec, A. Z. Szarka, and R. M. Hochstrasser, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 6291 (1993).
280. S. K. Doorn, R. B. Dyer, P. O. Stoutland, and W. H. Woodruff, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 6398 (1993).
281. M. V. Rama Krishna and R. D. Coalson, Chem. Phys. Lett., 120, 327 (1988).
282. H. Metiu and V. Engel, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 7, 1709 (1990).
283. H. Mahr and M. D. Hirsch, Opt. Commun., 13, 96 (1975).
284. A. Mokhtari, A. Chebira, and J. Chesnoy, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 7, 1551 (1990).
285. D. C. Todd, J. M. Jean, S. J. Rosenthal, A. J. Ruggiero, D. Yang, and G. R. Fleming, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 8658 (1990).
286. M. Du, S. J. Rosenthal, X. Xie, T. J. DiMagno, M. Schmidt, D. K. Hanson, M. Schiffer, J. R. Norris, and G. R. Fleming, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 8517 (1992).
287. A. E. Johnson, W. Jarzeba, G. C. Walker, and P. F. Barbara, Israel J. Chem., 33, 199 (1993).
288. J. Chesnoy and A. Mokhtari, Phys. Rev. A, 38, 3566 (1988).
289. H. L. Fragnito, J. Y. Bigot, P. C. Becker, and C. V. Shank, Chem. Phys. Lett., 160, 101 (1989).
290. Y. Chen, L. Hunziker, P. Ludowise, and M. Morgen, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 2149 (1992).
291. P. Foggi, L. Pettini, I. Sànta, R. Righini, and S. Califano, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 7439 (1995).
292. J. M. Wiesenfeld and B. I. Greene, Phys. Rev. Lett., 51, 1745 (1983).
293. J. M. Smith, C. Lakshminarayan, and J. L. Knee, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 4475 (1990).
294. T. Baumert, M. Grosser, R. Thalweiser, and G. Gerber, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 3453 (1991).
295. T. Baumert, J. L. Herek, and A. H. Zewail, J. Chem. Phys., 99, 4430 (1993).
296. M. H. M. Janssen, M. Dantus, H. Guo, and A. H. Zewail, Chem. Phys. Lett., 214, 281 (1993).
297. H. Kühling, S. Rutz, K. Kobe, E. Schreiber, and L. Wöste, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 12500 (1993).
298. J. Purnell, S. Wei, S. A. Buzza, and A. W. Castleman, Jr., J. Phys. Chem., 97, 12530 (1993).
299. A. P. Baronavski and J. C. Owrutsky, Chem. Phys. Lett., 221, 419 (1994);
300. J. Phys. Chem., 99, 10077 (1995).
301. W. Radloff, T. Freudenberg, H.-H. Ritze, V. Stert, K. Weyers, and F. Noak, Chem. Phys. Lett., 245, 400 (1995).
302. C. C. Hayden and D. W. Chandler, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 7897 (1995).
303. I. Fischer, D. M. Villeneuve, M. J. J. Vrakking, and A. Stolow, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 5566 (1995);
304. M. J. J. Vrakking, I. Fischer, D. M. Villeneuve, and A. Stolow, J. Chem. Phys., 103, 4538 (1995).
305. D. R. Cyr and C. C. Hayden, J. Phys. Chem., 104, 771 (1996).
306. P. A. Afinrud, C. Han, T. Lian, and R. M. Hochstrasser, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 1180 (1990).
307. P. O. Stoutland, R. B. Dyer, and W. H. Woodruff, Science, 257, 1913 (1992).
308. T. P. Dougherty and E. J. Heilweil, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 4006 (1994).
309. P. Hamm, M. Zurek, W. Mäntele, M. Meyer, H. Scheer, and W. Zinth, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 1826 (1995).
310. G. Beddard, Rep. Prog. Phys., 56, 63 (1993).
311. C. V. Shank and E. P. Ippen, Appl. Phys. Lett., 26, 62 (1975).
312. M. Cho, M. Du, N. F. Scherer, G. R. Fleming, and S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys., 99, 2410 (1993).
313. M. Morgen, W. Price, P. Ludowise, and Y. Chen, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 8780 (1995).
314. W. P. de Boeij, M. S. Pshenichnikov, and D. A. Wiersma, Chem. Phys. Lett., 238, 1 (1995).
315. P. Kowalczyk, C. Radzewicz, J. Mostowski, and I. A. Walmsley, Phys. Rev. A, 42, 5622 (1990).
316. A. Icsevgi and W. E. Lamb, Phys. Rev., 185, 517 (1969).
317. R.E. Walkup, J. A. Misewich, J. H. Glownia, and P. P. Sorokin, J. Chem. Phys., 94, 3389 (1991).
318. J. H. Eberly and K. Wódkiewicz, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 67, 1252 (1977).
319. R. Heather and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys., 90, 6903 (1989).
320. G. Ebel and R. Schinke, J. Phys. Chem., 101, 1865 (1994).
321. H. Kono and Y. Fujimura, J. Chem. Phys., 91, 5960 (1989).
322. S. H. Lin, B. Fain, and C. Y. Yeh, Phys. Rev. A, 41, 2718 (1990).
323. N. A. Kurnit, I. D. Abella, and S. R. Hartmann, Phys. Rev. Lett., 13, 567 (1964);
324. I. D. Abella, N. A. Kurnit, and S. R. Hartmann, Phys. Rev., 141, 391 (1966).
325. W. H. Hesselink and D. A. Wiersma, Chem. Phys. Lett., 56, 227 (1978);
326. J. Chem. Phys., 73, 648 (1980).
327. K. Duppen, E. T. J. Nibbering, and D. A. Wiersma, in Femtosecond Reaction Dynamics, D. A. Wiersma, Ed., North Holland, Amsterdam, 1994, p. 197.
328. M. Cho, N. F. Scherer, G. R. Fleming and S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 5618 (1992).
329. J. Hager, M. A. Smith, and S. C. Wallace, J. Chem. Phys., 84, 6771 (1986).
330. A. Goto, M. Fujii, and M. Ito, J. Chem. Phys., 91, 2268 (1987).
331. A. Staib, W. Domcke and A. L. Sobolewski, Chem. Phys. Lett., 162, 336 (1989).
332. M. Seel and W. Domcke, Chem. Phys., 151, 59 (1991).
333. V. Engel, Chem. Phys. Lett., 178, 130 (1991).
334. C. Meier and V. Engel, Chem. Phys. Lett., 212, 691 (1993).
335. K. Müller-Dethlefs and E. W. Schlag, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 42, 109 (1991).
336. T. K. Yee and T. K. Gustafson, Phys. Rev. A, 18, 1597 (1978).
337. R. J. Kubo, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 12, 570 (1957).
338. R. G. Gordon, Adv. Magn. Res., 3, 1 (1968).
339. W. T. Pollard, S. L. Dexheimer, Q. Wang, L. A. Peteanu, C. V. Shank, and R. A. Mathies, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 6147 (1992).
340. Y. P. Gudkov, Y. T. Mazurenko, P. N. Pigurnov, and V. A. Smirnov, Opt. Spectrosc.(USSR), 61, 484 (1986).
341. W. B. Bosma, Y. J. Yan, and S. Mukamel, Phys. Rev. A, 42, 6920 (1990).
342. T. Baumert, V. Engel, C. Meier, and G. Gerber, Chem. Phys. Lett., 200, 488 (1992).
343. M. Sugawara and Y. Fujimura, Chem. Phys., 175, 323 (1993).
344. U. Banin, A. Bartana, S. Ruhman, and R. Kosloff, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 8461 (1994).
345. H. A. Ferwerda, J. Terpstra, and D. A. Wiersma, J. Chem. Phys., 91, 3296 (1989).
346. K. K. Innes, I. G. Ross, and W. R. Moomaw, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 132, 492 (1988).
347. I. Yamazaki, T. Murao, T. Yamanaka, and K. Yoshihara, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 75, 395 (1983).
348. S.-Y. Lee and E. J. Heller, J. Chem. Phys., 71, 4777 (1979).
349. G. Stock and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 5496 (1990).
350. G. Stock, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 246 (1994).
351. C. Meier and V. Engel, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 2673 (1994).
352. W. T. Pollard, H. L. Fragnito, J. Y. Bigot, C. V. Shank, and R. A. Mathies, Chem. Phys. Lett., 168, 239 (1990).
353. L. Angeloni, G. Smulevitch, and P. M. Marzocchi, J. Raman Spectrosc., 8, 305 (1979).
354. R. J. Sension, S. T. Repinec, A. Z. Szarka, and R. M. Hochstrasser, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 6291 (1993).
355. S. Pedersen, L. Bañares, and A. H. Zewail, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 8801 (1992).
356. A. Z. Szarka, N. Pugliano, D. K. Palit, and R. M. Hochstrasser, Chem. Phys. Lett., 240, 25 (1995).
357. E. Lenderink, K. Duppen, and D. A. Wiersma, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 8972 (1995).
358. R. W. Schoenlein, L. A. Peteanu, R. A. Mathies, and C. V. Shank, Science, 254, 412 (1991).
359. Q. Wang, R. W. Schoenlein, L. A. Peteanu, R. A. Mathies, and C. V. Shank, Science, 266, 422 (1994).
360. See, for example, T. Elsässer and W. Kaiser, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 42, 83 (1991).
361. E. J. Heller, J. Chem. Phys., 64, 63 (1976).
362. R. B. Gerber, V. Buch, and M. A. Ratner, J. Chem. Phys., 77, 3022 (1982).
363. S. Sawada and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys., 84, 227 (1986);
364. S. Sawada and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys., 84, 6293 (1986);
365. K. Haug and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 4781 (1992);
366. K. Haug and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys., 99, 6253 (1993).
367. E. Neria, A. Nitzan, R. N. Barnett, and U. Landman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1011 (1991);
368. E. Neria and A. Nitzan, J. Chem. Phys., 99, 1109 (1993).
369. R. Alimi, A. Garcia-Vela, and R. B. Gerber, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 2034 (1992);
370. Z. Li. and R. B. Gerber, J. Chem. Phys., 99, 8637 (1993).
371. Z. Kotler, A. Nitzan, and R. Kosloff, Chem. Phys. Lett., 153, 483 (1988).
372. H.-D. Meyer, U. Manthe, and L. S. Cederbaum, Chem. Phys. Lett., 165, 73 (1990).
373. J. Campos-Martinez and R. D. Coalson, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 4740 (1990).
374. U. Manthe, H.-D. Meyer, and L. S. Cederbaum, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 3199 (1992);
375. U. Manthe, H.-D. Meyer, and L. S. Cederbaum, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 9062 (1992).
376. A. D. Hammerich, U. Manthe, R. Kosloff, H.-D. Meyer, and L. S. Cederbaum, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 5623 (1994).
377. J. Campos-Martinez, J. R. Waldeck, and R. D. Coalson, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 3613 (1992).
378. R. P. Feynman, Rev. Mod. Phys., 20, 367 (1948).
379. R. P. Feynman and A. R. Hibbs, Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1965.
380. L. S. Schulman, Techniques and Applications of Path Integration, Wiley, New York, 1981.
381. U. Weiss, Quantum Dissipative Systems, World Scientific, Singapore, 1993.
382. A. Garg, J. N. Onuchic, and V. Ambeokar, J. Chem. Phys., 83, 4491 (1985).
383. I. Rips and J. Jortner, J. Chem. Phys., 87, 2090 (1987).
384. J. S. Bader, R. A. Kuharski, and D. Chandler, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 230 (1990).
385. R. Egger and C. H. Mak, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 9903 (1994).
386. R. Egger, C. H. Mak, and U. Weiss, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 2651 (1994).
387. R. D. Coalson, J. Chem. Phys., 86, 995 (1987).
388. R. D. Coalson, Phys. Rev. B, 39, 12052 (1989).
389. R. D. Coalson, J. Chem. Phys., 94, 1108 (1991).
390. R. P. Feynman and F. L. Vernon, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.), 24, 118 (1963).
391. D. E. Makarov and N. Makri, Phys. Rev. A, 48, 3626 (1993).
392. E. C. Behrman and P. G. Wolynes, J. Chem. Phys., 83, 5863 (1985).
393. C. H. Mak and D. Chandler, Phys. Rev. A, 44, 2352 (1991).
394. C. H. Mak and D. Chandler, Phys. Rev. A, 41, 5709 (1990).
395. R. Egger and C. H. Mak, Phys. Rev. B, 50, 15210 (1994).
396. M. Winterstetter and W. Domcke, Phys. Rev. A, 47, 2838 (1993);
397. M. Winterstetter and W. Domcke, Phys. Rev. A, 48, 4272 (1993).
398. M. Winterstetter and W. Domcke, Chem. Phys. Lett., 236, 445 (1995).
399. H. Plöhn, S. Krempl, M. Winterstetter, and W. Domcke, Chem. Phys., 200, 11 (1995).
400. D. E. Makarov and N. Makri, Chem. Phys. Lett., 221, 482 (1994).
401. N. Makri and D. E. Makarov, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 4600 (1995).
402. N. Makri, J. Math. Phys., 36, 2430 (1995).
403. S. Krempl, M. Winterstetter, H. Plöhn, and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 926 (1994).
404. S. Krempl, M. Winterstetter, and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 6499 (1995).
405. S. Krempl, W. Domcke, and M. Winterstetter, Chem. Phys., 206, 63 (1996).
406. M. F. Trotter, Proc. Am. Math. Soc., 10, 545 (1959).
407. E. Nelson, J. Math. Phys., 5, 332 (1964).
408. M. Suzuki, Commun. Math. Phys., 51, 183 (1978).
409. B. DeRaedt and H. DeRaedt, Phys. Rev. A, 28, 3575 (1983).
410. W. Magnus, Commun. Pure Appl. Math., 7, 649 (1954).
411. P. Pechukas and J. C. Light, J. Chem. Phys., 44, 3897 (1966).
412. R. Englman, The Jahn-Teller Effect, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1972.
413. M. Topaler and N. Makri, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 9001 (1992).
414. M. Topaler and N. Makri, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 7500 (1994).
415. S. Nakajima, Progr. Theoret. Phys., 20, 948 (1958).
416. R. Zwanzig, J. Chem. Phys., 33, 1338 (1960).
417. R. K. Wangsness and F. Bloch, Phys. Rev., 89, 728 (1953).
418. C. P. Slichter, Principles of Magnetic Resonance, Harper & Row, New York, 1963.
419. L. Allen and Z. H. Eberly, Optical Resonance and Two-Level Atoms, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1975.
420. C. Cohen-Tannoudji, in Frontiers in Laser Spectroscopy, R. Balian, S. Haroche, and S. Liberman, Eds., North Holland, Amsterdam, 1977, Vol. 1, p. 7.
421. C. W. Gardiner, Quantum Noise, Springer, Berlin, 1991.
422. T. Takagahara, E. Hanamura, and R. Kubo, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 44, 728, 742 (1978).
423. Y. J. Yan and S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys., 89, 5160 (1988).
424. Y. Gu, A. Widom, and P. M. Champion, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 2547 (1994).
425. B. Fain, S. H. Lin, and W. X. Wu, Phys. Rev. A, 40, 824 (1989).
426. B. Fain and S. H. Lin, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 6387 (1990).
427. V. May, Chem. Phys. Lett., 170, 543 (1990).
428. V. May and M. Schreiber, Chem. Phys. Lett., 181, 267 (1991).
429. V. May and M. Schreiber, Phys. Rev. A, 45, 2868 (1992).
430. V. May, O. Kühn, and M. Schreiber, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 12591 (1993).
431. J. M. Jean, R. A. Friesner, and G. R. Fleming, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 5827 (1992).
432. W. T. Pollard and R. A. Friesner, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 5054 (1994).
433. A. K. Felts, W. T. Pollard, and R. A. Friesner, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 2929 (1995).
434. J. M. Jean and G. R. Fleming, J. Chem. Phys., 103, 2092 (1995).
435. F. E. Figuerido and R. M. Levy, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 703 (1992).
436. M. Murao and F. Shibata, Physica A, 217, 348 (1995).
437. B. Wolfseder and W. Domcke, Chem. Phys. Lett., 235, 370 (1995).
438. G. S. Agarwal, Phys. Rev. A, 4, 739 (1971).
439. S. Jang, Nucl. Phys. A, 499, 250 (1989).
440. J. Dalibard, Y. Castin, and K. Mølmer, Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, 580 (1992).
441. K. Mølmer, Y. Castin, and J. Dalibard, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 10, 524 (1993).
442. R. Dum, P. Zoller, and H. Ritsch, Phys. Rev. A, 45, 4879 (1992).
443. C. W. Gardiner, A. S. Parkins, and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A, 46, 4363 (1992).
444. M. Naraschewski and A. Schenzle, Z. Physik D, 33, 79 (1995).
445. N. Gisin and I. C. Percival, J. Phys. A, 25, 5677 (1992).
446. H. J. Carmichael, An Open Systems Approach to Quantum Optics, Springer, Berlin, 1993.
447. R. Schack, T. A. Brun, and I. C. Percival, J. Phys. A, 28, 5401 (1995).
448. B. Wolfseder and W. Domcke, Chem. Phys. Lett., 259, 113 (1996).
449. R. Blümel, A. Buchleitner, R. Graham, L. Sirko, U. Smilansky, and H. Walter, Phys. Rev. A, 44, 4521 (1991).
450. T. Dittrich, B. Oelschlägel, and P. Hänggi, Europhys. Lett., 22, 5 (1993).
451. L. M. Raff and D. L. Thompson, in Theory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, M. Baer, Ed., Chemical Rubber, Boca Raton, FL, 1985, Vol. 3.
452. W. L. Hase, Ed., Advances in Classical Trajectory Methods, Jai Press, London, 1992, Vol. 1.
453. P. Pechukas, Phys. Rev., 181, 166 (1969);
454. P. Pechukas, Phys. Rev., 181, 174 (1969).
455. W. H. Miller and T. F. George, J. Chem. Phys., 56, 5637 (1972).
456. W. H. Miller, Adv. Chem. Phys., 25, 69 (1974).
457. E. E. Nikitin, Theory of Elementary Atomic and Molecular Processes in Gases, Clarendon, Oxford, 1974.
458. P. J. Kuntz, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 141 (1991).
459. F. J. Webster, P. J. Rossky, and R. A. Friesner, Comput. Phys. Commun., 63, 494 (1991).
460. D. F. Coker and L. Xiao, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 496 (1995).
461. J. C. Tully and R. K. Preston, J. Chem. Phys., 55, 562 (1971).
462. M. F. Herman, J. Chem. Phys., 76, 2949 (1982);
463. M. F. Herman, J. Chem. Phys., 81, 754 (1984);
464. M. F. Herman, J. Chem. Phys., 81, 764 (1984);
465. M. F. Herman, J. Chem. Phys., 82, 3666 (1985);
466. M. F. Herman and J. C. Arce, Chem. Phys., 183, 335 (1994).
467. N. C. Blais and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys., 79, 1334 (1983);
468. N. C. Blais, D. G. Truhlar, and C. A. Mead, J. Chem. Phys., 89, 6204 (1988).
469. E. J. Heller and R. C. Brown, J. Chem. Phys., 79, 3336 (1983).
470. J. C. Tully, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 1061 (1990);
471. S. Hammes-Schiffer and J. C. Tully, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 4657 (1994).
472. S. Chapman, Adv. Chem. Phys., 82, 423 (1992);
473. D. F. Coker, in Computer Simulations in Chemical Physics, M. P. Allen and D. J. Tildesley, Eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1993, p. 315.
474. N. F. Mott, Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., 27, 553 (1931).
475. W. R. Thorson, J. B. Delos, and S. A. Boorstein, Phys. Rev. A, 4, 1052 (1971);
476. J. B. Delos, W. R. Thorson, and S. K. Knudson, Phys. Rev. A, 6, 709 (1972);
477. J. B. Delos and W. R. Thorson, Phys. Rev. A, 6, 720 (1972);
478. J. B. Delos and W. R. Thorson, Phys. Rev. A, 6, 728 (1972).
479. G. D. Billing, Chem. Phys. Lett., 30, 391 (1975);
480. Comput. Phys. Rep., 1, 237 (1984);
481. J. Chem. Phys., 99, 5849 (1993).
482. W. H. Miller and C. W. McCurdy, J. Chem. Phys., 69, 5163 (1978).
483. H.-D. Meyer and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys., 70, 3214 (1979).
484. H.-D. Meyer and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys., 71, 2156 (1979);
485. H.-D. Meyer and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys., 72, 2272 (1980).
486. D. A. Micha, J. Chem. Phys., 78, 7138 (1983).
487. D. J. Diestler, J. Chem. Phys., 78, 2240 (1983).
488. R. Graham and M. Höhnerbach, Z. Phys. B, 57, 233 (1984).
489. S. Sawada and H. Metiu, J. Chem. Phys., 84, 227, 6293 (1986).
490. I. Cacelli, Chem. Phys., 124, 347 (1988);
491. J. Chem. Phys., 96, 8439 (1992).
492. M. Amarouche, F. X. Gadea, and J. Durup, Chem. Phys., 130, 145 (1989).
493. J. M. Cohen and D. A. Micha, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 1038 (1992).
494. P. Bala, B. Lesyng, and J. A. McCammon, Chem. Phys. Lett., 219, 259 (1994);
495. Chem. Phys., 180, 271 (1994).
496. G. Stock, J. Chem. Phys., 103, 1561 (1995).
497. H.-D. Meyer, Chem. Phys., 82, 199 (1983).
498. G. Stock and W. H. Miller, Chem. Phys. Lett., 197, 396 (1992);
499. J. Chem. Phys., 99, 1545 (1993).
500. G. Stock, J. Chem. Phys., 103, 2888 (1995).
501. B. Space and D. F. Coker, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 652 (1992).
502. B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 6902 (1994).
503. A. Staib and D. Borgis, J. Chem. Phys., 103, 2642 (1995).
504. V. D. Vachev, J. H. Frederick, B. A. Grishanin, V. N. Zadkov, and N. I. Koroteev, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 5247 (1995).
505. P. Ehrenfest, Z. Phys., 45, 455 (1927).
506. E. Neria, A. Nitzan, R. N. Barnett and U. Landman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1011 (1991).
507. R. Alimi, A. Garcia-Vela, and R. B. Gerber, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 2034 (1992);
508. Z. Li and R. B. Gerber, J. Chem. Phys., 99, 8637 (1993);
509. P. Jungwirth and R. B. Gerber, J. Chem. Phys., 103, 6046 (1995);
510. P. Jungwirth and R. B. Gerber, J. Chem. Phys., 104, 5803 (1996).
511. W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys., 53, 1949 (1970);
512. W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys., 53, 3578 (1970);
513. W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 9428 (1991).
514. M. F. Herman and E. Kluk, Chem. Phys., 91, 27 (1984);
515. M. F. Herman, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 45, 83 (1994).
516. E. J. Heller, J. Chem. Phys., 94, 2723 (1991);
517. E. J. Heller, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 9431 (1991);
518. M. A. Sepúlveda, S. Tomsovic, and E. J. Heller, Phys. Rev. Lett., 69, 402 (1992).
519. K. G. Kay, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 4377 (1994);
520. K. G. Kay, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 4432 (1994);
521. K. G. Kay, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 2250 (1994).
522. G. Campolieti and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 5969 (1992);
523. Phys. Rev. A. 50, 997 (1994).
524. T. Kinugawa, Chem. Phys. Lett., 235, 395 (1995).
525. A. R. Walton and D. E. Manolopoulos, Chem. Phys. Lett., 244, 448 (1995);
526. Mol. Phys., 87, 961 (1996).
527. E. J. Heller, J. Chem. Phys., 68, 2066 (1978).
528. S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys., 77, 173 (1982);
529. L. E. Fried and S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys., 93, 3063 (1990);
530. Adv. Chem. Phys., 84, 435 (1993).
531. R. Bersohn and A. H. Zewail, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 92, 373 (1988).
532. P. J. Rossky, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 7, 1728 (1990);
533. B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 6917 (1994).
534. O. Zobey and G. Alber, J. Phys. B, 26, 539 (1993).
535. M. A. Sepúlveda and S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 9327 (1995).
536. T.J. Martinez, M. Ben-Nun, and G. Ashkenazi, J. Chem. Phys., 104, 2847 (1996).
537. Z. Li, J.-Y. Fang, and G. C. Martens, J. Chem. Phys., 104, 6919 (1996).
538. J. Manz, B. Proppe, and B. Schmidt, Z. Phys. D, 34, 111 (1995).
539. K. Finger, C. Daniel, P. Saalfrank, and B. Schmidt, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 3368 (1996).
540. R. N. Dixon, Mol. Phys., 88, 949 (1996).
541. C. Daniel, M.C. Heitz, J. Manz, and C. Ribbing, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 905 (1995).
542. A. Ferretti, G. Granucci, A. Lami, M. Persico, and G. Villani, J. Chem. Phys., 104, 5517 (1996).