Microbiogical safety of drinking water

Annual Review of Microbiology

Volumn 54, Issue , 2000, Pages 81-127

  Szewzyk, U ^a   Szewzyk, R ^a   Manz, W ^a   Schleifer, K H ^a  

^a TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Biofilms; Emerging pathogens; Microbial ecology; Parasites; Risk assessment; Viruses; Water bacteria

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL TOXIN; DRINKING WATER; TOXIN; WATER;

AEROMONAS; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; BIOFILM; CAMPYLOBACTER; CELL CULTURE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; ECOLOGY; LEGIONELLA; MICROBIAL GROWTH; MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; MYCOBACTERIUM; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT; PARASITE IDENTIFICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; ROTAVIRUS; SAFETY; SURVIVAL; VIRUS ISOLATION; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TREATMENT; DRINKING; FECES; MICROBIOLOGY; PARASITOLOGY; SANITATION;

BIOFILMS; DRINKING; ECOLOGY; FECES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAFETY; SANITATION; WATER; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 0034566117     PISSN: 00664227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.81     Document Type: Review

References (256)

1. Prevalence and characteristics of strains of Escherichia coli isolated from milk and feces of cows on dairy farms in Trinidad
2. Serological and biochemical characteristics of 416 Yersinia strains from well water and drinking-water plants in the Federal Republic of Germany: Lack of evidence that these strains are of public health importance
3. The occurrence of microorganisms in water main encrustations
4. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation
5. Tobramycin resistance of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm grown under iron limitation
6. Interaction of biofilm bacteria with antibiotics in a novelin vitro chemostat system
7. Survival of Legionella pneumophila and Salmonella typhimurium in biofilm systems
8. Effect of rainfall on Giardia and Cryptosporidium
9. Relationship between Legionella pneumophila and Acanthamoeba polyphaga: Physiological status and susceptibility to chemical inactivation
10. Multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak associated with contaminated tap water in a neurosurgery intensive care unit
11. Incidence and survival of Campylobacter in foods
12. Effect of low temperature on starvation-survival of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2
13. The measurement of electron transport system activity in river biofilms
14. Quantitative techniques in Cryptosporidium research
15. Dynamic modeling of bacteria in a pilot drinking-water distribution system
16. Uber die vermehrung verschiedener enterobacteriaceae sowie pseudomonas aeruginosa und Alcaligenes spec. in destilliertem Wasser, entionisiertem Wasser, Leitungswasser und Mineralsalzlosung
17. Untersuchungen uber mikrobielles wachstum auf auskleidungsmaterialien von trinkwasserbehaltern
18. An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 associated with a children's paddling pool
19. Relationship between glycocalyx and povidone-iodine resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) biofilms
20. Isolation of Aeromonas spp. from an unchlorinated domestic water supply
21. Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from a metropolitan water supply: Seasonal correlation with clinical isolates
22. Extended survival and persistence of Campylobacter spp. in water and aquatic biofilms and their detection by immunofluorescent-antibody and -rRNA staining
23. Multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak in a pediatric oncology ward related to bath toys
24. Long-term survival and plasmid maintenance of Escherichia coli in marine microcosms
25. Viable but nonculturable bacteria in drinking-water
26. Growth kinetics of coliform bacteria under conditions relevant to drinking-water distribution systems
27. Demonstration of viable but non culturable state Campylobacter jejuni
28. Giardia in wastewater: Effect of treatment
29. The marine picoplankter Synechococcus sp. WH 7803 exhibits an adapfive response to restricted iron availability
30. Comparative study of biofilm shear loss on different adsorptive media
31. Biofilm detachment mechanisms in a liquid-fluidized bed
32. Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in municipal water samples by the polymerase chain reaction
33. Interaction of Mycobacterium avium with environmental amoebae enhances virulence
34. The presence-absence test for monitoring drinking-water quality
35. Chlorine tolerant bacteria in a water distribution system
36. The optimization and application of two direct viable count methods for bacteria in distributed drinking-water
37. Materials usage and their effects on the microbiological quality of water supplies
38. Dissolved oxygen utilisation as an indicator of total microbial activity on non-metallic materials in contact with potable water
39. Mycobacteria in water
40. Viable but non-culturable Vibrio cholerae and related pathogens in the environment: Implications for release of genetically engineered microorganisms
41. Viable but non-culturable Vibrio cholerae 01 revert to a culturable state in the human intestine
42. The bacterial glycocalyx in nature and disease
43. Microbial biofilms
44. Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a water sprinkler fountain
45. Infectious hepatitis epidemic in Delhi, India
46. Viability of Giardia cysts suspended in lake, river and tap water
47. Biofilm amount estimation by fluorescein diacetate
48. Untersuchungen uber das verhalten von grampositiven kokken und granmegativen bakterien in aqua bidest. Und leitungswasser bei verschiedenen temperaturen und unterschiedlichen ausgangskeimzahlen
49. Tracing the interaction of bacteriophage with bacterial biofilms using fluorescent and chromogenic probes
50. Mikrobiologie des grund- und trinkwassers
51. Uberle bensfahigkeit und wechselwirkungen ausgewahlter bakterienarten in aktivkohlefiltern
52. Confirmation of the human-pathogenic microsporidia Enterozytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and Vittaforma cornea in water
53. Dynamic modelling of bacterial growth in drinking-water networks
54. Waterborne mycobacteria: An increasing threat to health
55. Concentration of Mycobacterium avium by hospital hot water systems
56. Waterborne gastrointestinal illness at a ski resort: Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from drinking-water
57. The ecological and physiological significance of the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms with mixtures of substrates
58. Health problems from exposure to cyanobacteria and proposed safety guidelines for drinking and recreational water
59. Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria
60. Outbreak of nosocomial urinary tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pediatric surgical unit associated with tap-water contamination
61. Legionella and protozoa: Interaction of a pathogen and its natural host
62. Intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila in amoebae isolated from hospital hot water tanks
63. Effect of an activated carbon filter on the microbial quality of water
64. How Salmonella survive the odds
65. The biofilm polysaccharide matrix: A buffer against changing organic substrate supply?
66. Reduction of tetrazolium salts by sulfate-reducing bacteria
67. Yersinia spp. in surface waters in Matsue, Japan
68. Outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales, 1992-1995
69. Viruses in source and drinking-water
70. Waterborne rotavirus: A risk assessment
71. Epidemiological indicators for transmission of viruses in water
72. Survival of thermotolerant campylobacters in water
73. Substrate capturing and growth in various ecosystems
74. Identification of virulence-associated characteristics in clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica lacking classical virulence markers
75. The epidemiology of infections caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic E. coli and the associated hemolytic uremic syndrome
76. Wirkung von chlor und wasserstoffperoxid auf schleimbildende bakterien aus wasserfuhrenden systemen
77. Estimation of risk due to low doses of microorganisms: A comparison of alternative methodologies
78. The ecology of acid-fast organisms in water supply, treatment, and distribution systems
79. Water as a reservoir for Campylobacter jejuni infection in cows studied by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)
80. Biofilm formation by the rapidly growing mycobacterial species Mycobacterium fortuitum
81. Risk assessment of pathogens in drinking-water
82. The presence of Aeromonas in drinking-water supplies in the Netherlands
83. Metabolic activity of Flavobacterium strain P25 during starvation and after introduction into bulk soil and the rhizosphere of wheat
84. Gastrointestinal disturbances due to an established bacterial contamination of a water distribution system
85. Utilization of surface localized substrate by non-adhesive marine bacteria
86. Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from well water and growth in distilled water
87. Quantitative and qualitative studies of Campylobacter in the sewage of a large city
88. Effect of low temperatures on growth, structure, and metabolism of Campylobacter coli SP10
89. Aeromonads in drinking-water supplies: Their occurrence and significance
90. Typhoid fever: Pathogenesis and immunologic control
91. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm as a diffusion barrier to piperacillin
92. The biofilm glycocalyx as a resistance factor
93. Presence of Helicobacter species DNA in Swedish water
94. Helicobacter pylori in the drinking-water in Peru
95. The occurrence and viability of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in an upland raw water source in central Scotland
96. Cyanobacterial toxins and human health
97. Viable Legionella pneumophila not detectable by culture on agar media
98. Longitudinal studies of Giardia contamination in two community drinking-water supplies: Cyst levels, parasite viability, and health impact
99. Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri in raw water and drinking-water treatment plants in Germany
100. An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 and campylobacterosis associated with contamination of a drinking-water supply
101. Dynamics of biofilm formation in drinking water: Phylogenetic affiliation and metabolic potential of single cells assessed by formazan reduction and in situ hybridization
102. Isolation of new bacterial species from drinking water biofilms and proof of their in situ dominance with highly specific 16S rRNA probes
103. In situ probing reveals Aquabacterium commune as widespread and highly abundent bacterial species in drinking water biofilms
104. Aquabacterium gen. nov., with description of Aquabacterium citratiphilum sp. nov., Aquabacterium parvum sp. nov. and Aquabacterium commune sp. nov., three in situ dominant bacterial species from the Berlin drinking water system
105. Epidemiology of Norwalk gastroenteritis and the role of Norwalk virus in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis
106. Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia-like microbes isolated from mammals and water in Norway and Denmark
107. Distribution and removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water supplies in Germany
108. Bacterial scavenging: Utilization of fatty acids localized at a solid-liquid interface
109. The changing nature of nontuberculous mycobacteriology
110. Survival of Legionella pneumophila within cysts of Acanthamoeba polyphaga following chlorine exposure
111. A simple, rapid method for enumerating total viable and metabolically active bacteria in groundwater
112. Wasserfiltration und Cholera
113. Epidemiological aspects of thermophilic Campylobacter in water-related environments: A review
114. A tentative direct microscopic method for counting living marine bacteria
115. Gastrointestinal manifestations of immunodeficiency infection
116. First reported outbreak in the United States of cryptosporidiosis associated with a recreational lake
117. Diversity, persistence, and virulence of Aeromonas strains isolated from drinking-water distribution systems in Sweden
118. Microcystins in drinking-water: Risk assessment and derivation of a possible guidance value for drinking-water
119. Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacteria in drinking-water and sewage sludge
120. Yersinia enterocolitica in drinking-water
121. Optical sectioning of microbial biofilms
122. Coliform regrowth in drinking water: A review. Res. Technol
123. Factors promoting survival of bacteria in chlorinated water supplies
124. Inactivation of biofilm bacteria
125. Disinfection of bacteria attached to granular activated carbon
126. Occurence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies
127. Enumeration and characterization of standard plate count bacteria in chlorinated and raw water supplies
128. Development of a rapid assimilable organic carbon method for water
129. Survival and growth of Legionella species in the environment
130. Diarrheal deaths in the United States 1979-1987
131. Evaluation of E. coli as an indicator for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica in chlorinated and untreated oligotrophic lake water
132. Characterization of caulobacters isolated from wastewater treatment plants
133. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in South London: What value the p value
134. In situ identification of Legionellaceae using 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and confocal laser scanning microscopy
135. In situ identification of bacteria in drinking-water and adjoining biofilms by hybridization with 16S and 23S rRNA-directed fluorescent oligonucleotide probes
136. Adhesion and growth of bacteria at surfaces in oligotrophic habitats
137. Role of bacterial adhesion in biofilm formation and biocorrosion
138. Factors affecting coliform bacteria growth in distribution systems
139. Iron regulation of swarmer cell differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
140. Nonculturability: Adaptation or debilitation?
141. Physiological assessment of bacteria using fluorochromes
142. Viable but nonculturable forms of potentially pathogenic bacteria in water
143. Search for Campylobacter species in the public water supply of a large urban community
144. Isolation of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli from the Tasmanian environment
145. Contamination of drinking-water
146. Phosphorus and bacterial growth in drinking-water
147. Emergence of new pathogens as a function of changes in host susceptibility
148. Did Milwaukee experience waterborne cryptosporidiosis before the large outbreak in 1993?
149. Interactions between Naegleria fowleri and Legionella pneumophila
150. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow
151. The microbial ecology and evolution: A ribosomal RNA approach
152. Microbiology of potable water
153. Removing Cryptosporidium using multimedia filters
154. A randomized trial to evaluate the risk of gastrointestinal disease due to consumption of drinking-water meeting current microbiological standards
155. Outbreaks of campylobacter infection: Rare events for a common pathogen. Communicable disease report
156. Kinetics of biofilm detachment
157. Bacterial responses to nutrient limitation
158. Microsporidia infection in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus and unexplained cholangitis
159. An enumerative study of the cysts of Giardia intestinalis in human dysenteric faeces
160. Use of rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization for measuring the activity of single cells in young and established biofilms
161. Cellular growth and reproduction of marine bacteria on surface-bound substrate
162. Factors affecting the determination of respiratory activity on the basis of cyanoditolyl tetrazolium chloride reduction with membrane filtration
163. Virus behaviour within a distribution system
164. Poliovirus-1 inactivation and interaction with biofilm: A pilot-scale study
165. Monitoring heterotrophic bacteria in potable water
166. A new medium for the enumeration and subculture of bacteria from potable water
167. Modelling the risk from giardia and viruses in drinking-water
168. The experimental transmission of human intestinal protozoan parasites. 1. Giardia lamblia cysts given in capsules
169. Scanning electron microscope evidence for bacterial colonization of a drinking-water distribution system
170. Chlorine resistance patterns of bacteria from two drinking-water distribution systems
171. Survival of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum under various environmental pressures
172. Use of a fluorescent redox probe for direct visualization of actively respiring bacteria
173. Influence of temperature and plumbing material selection on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in a model potable water system containing complex microbial flora
174. Immunogold and fluorescein immunolabelling of Legionella pneumophila within an aquatic biofilm visualized by using episcopic differential interference contrast microscopy
175. Use of risk assessment for development of microbial standards
176. Risk assessment and control of waterborne giardiasis
177. Survival strategies of bacteria in the natural environment
178. Viable but nonrecoverable stage of Salmonella enteritidis in aquatic systems
179. Current views on the relationships between amoebae, Legionellae and man
180. Viability of Legionella pneumophila in chlorine-free waters at elevated temperatures
181. Quantification of respiratory active bacteria in water and biofilms with a fluorescent redox dye
182. Use of 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride for quantifying planktonic and sessile respiring bacteria in drinking-water
183. Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from surface and well waters in Ontario
184. Yersinia enterocolitica in drinking-water
185. Microbial growth due to materials used in drinking water systems
186. Microbiological evaluation of drinking-water construction materials - Comparison of two test procedures
187. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Trinkwasserhahnen des Krankenhauses
188. Vorkommen und verhalten von aeromonaden bei der trinkwasseraufbereitung
189. Proof of human pathogenicity of psychrotrophic Aeromonas isolates
190. Mykobakterien in der umwelt
191. Dental units: An environmental study of sources of potentially pathogenic mycobacteria
192. Mycobacteria in biofilms
193. Verhalten von mykobakterien in der trinkwasseraufbereitung
194. Occurrence of mycobacteria in biofilm samples
195. Vermehrungs- und abtotungstemperaturen naturlich vorkommender legionellen
196. Formation and bacterial composition of young, natural biofilms obtained from public bank-filtered drinking-water systems
197. Simple method for determination of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon in water
198. Microsporidia and human infections
199. Escherichia coli O157 infection in Scotland: An epidemiological overview 1984-1994
200. Clinical and epidemiological considerations
201. Pedomicrobium manganicum from drinking-water distribution systems with manganese-related 'dirty water' problems
202. Deposition of manganese in a drinking-water distribution system
203. Significance of small numbers of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in water
204. Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis: The impact of waterborne transmission
205. Implications of resource-ratio theory for microbial ecology
206. Inactivation of health-related microorganisms in water by disinfection processes
207. Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from groundwater
208. Mycobacterium avium bacilli grow saprozoically in coculture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga and survive within cyst walls
209. Studies on the uptake and intracellular replication of Legionella pneumophila in protozoa and in macrophage-like cells
210. A study of Campylobacter in sewage, sewage sludge and in river water
211. Characterisation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from wastewater
212. Biofilm structural heterogeneity visualized by three microscopic methods
213. Ecology of Legionella pneumophila within water distribution systems
214. Growth and in situ detection of a pathogenic Escherichia coli in biofilms of a heterotrophic water-bacterium by use of 16S- and 23S-rRNA-directed fluorescent oligonucleotide probes
215. Surface colonization by and life cycle of Pelobacter acidigallici studied in a continuous-flow microchamber
216. Emerging foodborne diseases: An evolving public health challenge
217. Assessment of the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium or Giardia in drinking-water from a surface water source
218. Development and use of a multiplex PCR system for the rapid screening of heat labile toxin I, heat stable toxin II and shiga-like toxin I and II genes of Eseheriehia coli in water
219. Toxic effects on bacterial metabolism of the redox dye 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride
220. Experimental studies on the inffectivity of nonculturable forms of Campylobacter spp. in chicks and mice
221. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in drinking water
222. Nutritional requirements of aeromonads and their multiplication in drinking-water
223. Biofilm formation on surfaces of glass and Teflon exposed to treated water
224. Determination of easily assimilable organic carbon in drinking-water
225. Quantitation and relative distribution of extracellular matrix in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm
226. Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella taxonomy: Emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov.
227. Outbreak of recurrent abdominal cramps associated with Arcobacter butzleri in an Italian school
228. The use of a ribosomal RNA targeted oligonucleotide probe for fluorescent labelling of viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts
229. Isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex from water in the United States, Finland, Zaire, and Kenya
230. Multiplication of virulent and avirulent strains of Legionella pneumophila in cultures of Hartmannella vermiformis
231. Effect of temperature, pH, and oxygen level on the multiplication of naturally occurring Legionella pneumophila in potable water
232. Satellite growth of Legionella pneumophila with an environmental isolate of Flavobacterium breve
233. Vibrio cholerae O1 strain TSI-4 produces the exopolysaccharide materials that determine colony morphology, stress resistance, and biofilm formation
234. General outbreaks of vero cytotoxinproducing Escherichia coli O157 in England and Wales from 1992 to 1994
235. Survival of chlorine-injured enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in an in vitro water system
236. Human rotavirus studies in volunteers of infectious dose and serological response to infection
237. Eine methode zur bestimmung der verkeimungsneigung von trinkwasser
238. Evolution of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains
239. Canadian perspectives on verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection
240. Bacterial evolution
241. Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: The primary kingdoms
242. Bioaccumulation of the herbicide Diclofop in extracellular polymers and its utilization by a biofilm community during starvation
243. Spatial physiological heterogeneity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is determined by oxygen availability
244. Multiplication of Legionella pneumophila in unsterilized tap water
245. Occurrence of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in cold and hot water distribution systems using water of different quality
246. The occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in sewage